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A Class-Book of Old Testament History

Chapter 91: APPENDIX.
By G. F. Maclear
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About This Book

An instructional survey of Old Testament history presents a chronological narrative from the creation and early human settlements through the patriarchs, the Exodus and Sinai legislation, the conquest and settlement of Canaan, the period of the judges, the united and divided monarchies, prophetic activity, the Babylonian exile, and the return under Ezra and Nehemiah. Each section combines clear narrative with explanatory notes, references for further study, maps, chronological tables, and an index of persons and places to aid classroom use and advanced students. The work emphasizes events, institutions, laws, and religious practices while supplying illustrative maps and bibliographic guidance.

APPENDIX.

I.

THE PATRIARCHS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.

Terah Haran Iscah
Milcah
Lot Moab
Ammon
Nahor Bethuel Laban Leah
Rachel
Rebekah
Abraham (of Hagar)
    Ishmael
(of Sarah)
    Isaac		 Esau
Jacob (of Leah)
Reuben
Levi
Issachar
Simeon
Judah
Zebulun
Dinah
(of Bilhah)
Dan
Naphtali
(of Zilpah)
Gad
Asher
(of Rachel)
Joseph Ephraim
Manasseh
Benjamin

II.

LEVI AND THE PRIESTHOOD.

Levi Kohath Amram Miriam
Aaron Nadab
Abihu
Eleazar — 16 courses of Priests.
Ithamar — 8 courses of Priests.
Moses
Gershon
Merari

III.

KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL.

  B.C.
Saul 1095
David 1055
Solomon 1015

Division of the Kingdom, B.C. 975.

KINGDOMS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL.
LINES OF POLICY. KINGS OF JUDAH. B.C. KINGS OF ISRAEL. DYNASTIES.
I.
B.C. 975–918
Period of mutual hostility.		 1 Rehoboam 975 1 Jeroboam I.
2 Abijah 958  
3 Asa 955  
    954 2 Nadab
    953 3 Baasha II.
    930 4 Elah
    929 5 Zimri   III.
    929 6 Omri IV.
    918 7 Ahab
II.
B.C. 918–884
Period of mutual alliance, and hostility to Syria.		 4 Jehoshaphat 914  
    898 8 Ahaziah
    896 9 Jehoram
5 Jehoram 892  
6 Ahaziah 885  
7 (Athaliah) 884 10 Jehu V.
8 Joash 878  
    856 11 Jehoahaz
    841 12 Jehoash
III.
B.C. 884–588
Renewal of mutual hostilities, gradual decline of both kingdoms before the power of Assyria.		 9 Amaziah 839  
    825 13 Jeroboam II.
10 Uzziah 810 1st interregnum of about 11 years*
    783
    773 14 Zachariah
    772 15 Shallum   VI.
    772 16 Menahem VII.
    761 17 Pekahiah
    759 18 Pekah   VIII.
11 Jotham 758  
12 Ahaz 742  
    737 2nd interregnum
    730 19 Hoshea   IX.
13 Hezekiah 726  
    721 Capture of Samaria and captivity of Israel.
  14 Manasseh 698
  15 Amon 643
  16 Josiah 641  
  17 Jehoahaz 610  
  18 Jehoiakim 610  
  19 Jehoiachin or Coniah 599  
  20 Zedekiah 599  
    Jerusalem destroyed 588  
* See Clinton’s Epitome, p. 133.

IV.

THE PROPHETS.

GENERAL
DIVISION.		 PROBABLE
CHRON.
ORDER.		 PERIOD ILLUSTRATED BY THEIR PROPHECIES.
B.C. KINGS OF ISRAEL. KINGS OF JUDAH.
Major
Prophets		 Prophets.      
i. Before the
Babylonian
Captivity.		      
       
Four.      
1 Isaiah *1 Jonah 840–784 Jehoash, Jeroboam II. Joash, Amaziah
2 Jeremiah 2 Joel 810–795 Jeroboam II. Joash
3 Ezekiel 3 Amos 810–785 Jeroboam II. Uzziah
4 Daniel 4 Hosea 800–725 Jeroboam II.–Hoshea Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz
    5 Isaiah 758–699 Pekahiah–Captivity Ahaz, Hezekiah
——— 6 Micah 765–698 Menahem–Captivity Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah
             
Minor
Prophets.		 ii. Near to
and during
the Captivity.		      
Twelve 1 Nahum 720–698 Captivity of Israel Manasseh, Amon, Josiah
1 Hosea 2 Zephaniah 640–609   Josiah, Jehoahaz
2 Joel 3 Habakkuk 612–598   Josiah–Zedekiah
3 Amos 4 Jeremiah 628–585   Jehoahaz–Captivity
4 Obadiah 5 Daniel 606–534   The Captivity
5 Jonah †6 Obadiah 588–583   Captivity of Judah
6 Micah 7 Ezekiel 595–574   Zedekiah, Captivity
7 Nahum          
8 Habakkuk iii. After the
return from
the Captivity.		      
9 Zephaniah      
10 Haggai      
11 Zechariah 1 Haggai 520–518   The Rebuilding of the Temple
12 Malachi 2 Zechariah 520–510   Rebuilding and Dedication
    3 Malachi 420–397   2nd Reformation of Nehemiah
            Close of the Canon
* The order of the first six Prophets is much disputed, but the one above given seems to receive most support.
† By some the prophecies of Obadiah are referred to the reign of Hezekiah, B.C. 726–698.

V.

ISRAEL IN CONNECTION WITH THE SURROUNDING NATIONS.

1. THE LATER ASSYRIAN EMPIRE.
B.C. CONTEMPORANEOUS KINGDOMS.
ASSYRIA. BABYLON. EGYPT. JUDAH. ISRAEL.
742 Tiglath-Pileser invades Babylon Nabonassar      
741       Ahaz Pekah
740 Takes tribute from Pekah
Defeats Rezin		       Pekah tributary
737       Pays homage to Tiglath-Pileser at Damascus Pekah slain
730         Hoshea
726 Accession of Shalmaneser Elulæus   Hezekiah Submission to Shalmaneser
(2 K. xvii. 3)
725     Sabaco I.?
So		   Alliance with So (2 K. xvii. 4)
723 Siege of Tyre       Siege of Samaria
722 Rebellion of Sargon        
721 Sargon takes Samaria Merodach Baladan     Samaria taken
715 Attacks Arabia   Sabaco II.? Wars with Sargon   Captivity of Israel
713       Hezekiah’s illness
Embassy of Merodach Baladan		  
711 Takes Ashdod Attacked by Sargon   (See p.434 n.)  
702 Sennacherib expels Merodach Baladan Belybus      
700 Advances against Philistia and Egypt     First attack of Sennacherib on Jerusalem—makes Hezekiah tributary  
699? Defeated before Pelusium Asshur-Nadin   Second attack  
698       Manasseh  
690     Tirhakah    
680 Accession of Esarhaddon (2 K. xix. 37) Esarhaddon      
676?   Manasseh brought to Babylon (See p. 445 n.)   The captains of Esarhaddon remove Manasseh to Babylon  
660? Assur-bani-pal Saosduchinus      
664     Psammetichus    
647 Asshur-emit-ili Cinneladanus      
643 Amon  
630 Scythian invasion     Josiah  
625 Destruction of Nineveh by Cyaxares Nabopolassar      
⁂ This and the following Tables are framed from those given in Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Vol. I. pp. 489, 530, Clinton’s Epitome, and Prideaux’s Connection of Sacred and Profane History.
2. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE.
B.C. BABYLONIA. MEDIA. EGYPT. LYDIA. JUDAH.
625 Nabopolassar 8th year of Cyaxares 39th year of Psammetichus Alyattes 15th year of Josiah
615   Cyaxares attacks Lydia   Attacked by Cyaxares  
610 Makes peace between Cyaxares and Alyattes   Neco (2 K. xxiii. 28) Peace made  
609 Attacked by Neco   Invades Syria Defeats Josiah   Jehoahaz
Jehoiakim
606 Sends Nebuchadnezzar against Nico   Defeated at Carchemish   Submits to Nebuchadnezzar
604 Nebuchadnezzar        
602         Rebels
599 Besieges Tyre        
597 Besieges Jerusalem Assists Nebuchadnezzar     Jehoiachin
3 mo.
Zedekiah
595   Astyages      
594 Psammetichus II.        
588 Second siege of Jerusalem   Apries (Ezek. xvii. 15)   Attacked by Nebuchadnezzar
586 Takes Jerusalem       Taken prisoner
585 Takes Tyre        
581 Invades Egypt       Captivity of Judah
570 Second Invasion of Egypt   Deposed by Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. xliv. 30; Ezek. xxix. xxx. xxxii.)    
561 Evil-Merodach       Jehoiachin released
560       Crœsus  
559 Neriglissar Defeated by Cyrus at Pasargadæ      
556 Laborosoarchod        
555 Nabonadius, Alliance with Crœsus        
546       Defeated by Cyrus  
539 Associated with Belshazzar
538 Conquered by Cyrus        
3. THE PERSIAN EMPIRE AND GREECE.
B.C. JUDEA. PERSIA. GREECE.
537   Supremacy of Cyrus  
536 Return of the Jews
The Altar set up		 Decree for the return of the Jews  
534 Interruption of the Samaritans    
529   Death of Cyrus  
525   Accession of Cambyses  
522   Darius Hystaspes  
520 Prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah
Building of the Temple resumed		    
516 Temple dedicated    
510     Expulsion of the Pisistratidæ
499   Burning of Sardis by the Ionians  
493   Darius declares war against Greece  
490     Battle of Marathon
485   Accession of Xerxes (Ahasuerus)  
480     Battle of Salamis
479   Returns defeated from Greece
Era of Esther and Mordecai		  
466     Battles at the Eurymedon
465   Death of Xerxes  
464   Accession of Artaxerxes Themistocles goes to Persia
458 Ezra comes to Jerusalem
Last prophecies of Zechariah		    
449 Artaxerxes makes peace with the Athenians Victory of the Athenians at Salamis in Cyprus
444 Nehemiah rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem
Opposition of Sanballat		    
433   Nehemiah returns to Persia  
432     Peloponnesian war begins
428 Return and further reformations by Nehemiah    
423   Accession of Darius Nothus  
420 Prophecies of Malachi    
413?   Final return of Nehemiah  

VI.

TABLES OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES AND MONEY.

1. Jewish Weights reduced to English Troy Weight.
  lbs. oz. dwts. grs.
The gerah, 1⁄20th of a shekel 0 0 0 12
Bekah, 1⁄2 a shekel 0 0 5 0
The shekel 0 0 10 0
The maneh = 60 shekels 2 6 0 0
The talent = 50 maneh = 3000 shekels 125 0 0 0
2. Scripture Measures of Length reduced to English Measure.
  Eng.
feet.		 inches.
A digit, Jer. lii. 21 0 0·912
4 A palm, Exod. xxv. 25 0 3·648
12 3 A span, Exod. xxviii. 16 0 10·944
24 6 2 A cubit, Gen. vi. 15 1 9·888
96 24 12 4 A fathom, Acts xxvii. 28 7 3·552
144 36 18 6 1½ Ezekiel’s reed, Ezek. xl. 3–5 10 11·328
192 48 24 8 2 1⅓ An Arabian pole 14 7·104
1920 480 240 80 20 13 10 Schœnus, or Measuring line, Ezek. xl. 3 145 11·040
3. The Long Scripture Measures.
  Eng.
miles.		 paces. feet.
A cubit 0 0 1·824
400 A stadium or furlong, Luke xxiv. 13 0 145 4·6  
2000 5 A Sabbath day’s journey, Acts i. 12 0 729 3·0  
4000 10 2 An eastern mile, Matt. v. 41 1 403 1·0  
12000 30 6 3 A parasang 4 153 3·0  
96000 240 48 24 8 A day’s journey 33 172 4·0  
4. Scripture Measures of Capacity for Liquids, reduced to English Wine Measure.
  gal. pints.
A caph 0 0·625
1⅓ A log, Lev. xiv. 10 0 0·833
5⅓ 4 A cab 0 3·333
16  12 3 A hin, Exod. xxx. 24 1 2    
32  24 6 2 A seah 2 4    
96  72 18 6 3 A bath, or ephah, 1 Kings vii. 26; John ii. 7 4    
960  720 180 60 30 10 A kor or homer, Ezek. xlv. 14; Isaiah v. 10 75 0    
5. Scripture Measures of Capacity for things Dry reduced to English Corn Measure.
  pks. gal. pints.
A gachal 0 0 0·1416
20 A cab or chœnix, 2 Kings vi. 25; Rev. vi. 6 0 0 2·8333
36 1⅘ An omer, Exod. xvi. 36 0 0 5·1   
120 6  3⅓ A seah, Matt. xiii. 33 1 0 1     
360 18  10  3 An ephah, Ezek. xlv. 11 3 0 3     
1800 90  50  15 5 A letech, Hos. iii. 2 15 1 7     
3600 180  100  30 10 2 A homer or kor, Num. xi. 32; Hosea iii. 2. 31 1 6     
6. Jewish Money reduced to English Standard.
  £ s. d.
A gerah, Exod. xxx. 0 0 1·3687
10 A bekah, Exod. xxxviii. 26 0 1 1·6875
20 2 A shekel, Exod. xxx. 13; Isa. vii. 23 0 2 3·375 
1200 120 60 A maneh or minah Hebraica 6 16 10·5   
60000 6000 3000 50 A talent 342 3 9     
A solidus aureus, or sextula, was worth 0 12 0½   
A siculus aureus, or gold shekel, was worth 1 16 6     
A talent of gold was worth 5475 0 0     

In the preceding table, silver is valued at 5s. and gold at £4 per oz.