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A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580

Chapter 37: Wh.
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About This Book

The volume is a concise alphabetical dictionary of Middle English vocabulary (c.1150–1580), compiled for students and readers. Entries present principal spellings and variants, brief definitions, etymologies, and abundant citations drawn from representative specimen texts and glossaries; references point readers to full contexts in the referenced editions. The editors prioritize forms typical of the Chaucer–Piers Plowman period and note French influence, with cross-references and additions enabling expansion of entries. Preface and explanatory notes outline sources, editorial principles, and conventions for abbreviations and underlining.

Wh.

Wha, pron. who, S2; see Who.

Whær, adv. where, S; see Wher.

Whal, sb. whale, W2.—AS. hwæl (Voc.). Cf. Qual.

Whan, adv. interrog., conj. when, S2, C2; whane, S; whanne, S, W; hwanne, S; huanne, S2; hwenne, S; hwan, S; hwen, S; hwon, S; wanne, S, S2; wonne, S; wane, S, S2; wone, S; wan, S; won, S; quanne, S; quane, S; quan, S; quuan, S; quen, S2; quene, S. Comb.: whannse, whensoever, S.—AS. hwanne.

Whanene, adv. whence, S; wanene, S; wenene, S2; whænnenen, S; whenne, S2, C2.—AS. hwanon.

Whannes, adv. whence, S, S2; huannes, S2; whannus, W2; whennys, W; wannes, S2; whennes, C3, P.

What, pron. interrog., adj. n., and adv. what, why, wherefore, S, S3, W; whæt, S, S2; whatt, S; whaut, S2; hwat, S; hwet, S; huet, S2; wat, S, S2; wet, S, S2; quat, S, S2. Comb.: hwat . . . wat, both . . . and, S; wat . . . wat, S; what swa, whatsoever, S; quat so, S; quat kin, what kind, S2; quat als euer, whatsoever, S2.—AS. hwæt.

What, conj. what time, until; wat, S.—Cf. Al-wat.

What, adj. quick, keen, sharp, strenuous, MD; whæt, MD; hwat, MD; wat, MD; adv., S; wate, MD; whate, MD, HD; hwatliche, S; watloker, comp., S2.—AS. hwæt: OS. hwat; cp. Icel. hvatr, OHG. was, sharp (Otfrid).

[Whate], sb. chance, luck; hwate, S, MD; wate, S; quate, HD.—AS. hwat, omen, augury, incitamentum; cp. Icel. hvöt (hvata-). See What, adj.

Whaup, sb. the larger curlew, HD, JD; whaap, JD; whap, JD; quhaup, JD; quhaip, JD; awp, JD; awppis, pl., S3.

Wheen, sb. a number, a quantity, JD; quhene, JD.—Cp. AS. hwéne inst. of hwón, see Sievers, 237. See Woon.

Wheene, adj. pl. few, B.

Whele, sb. wheel, Voc., W2; whiel, CM; whel, C; quhele, S3; hweoles, pl., S. Comb.: quheill-rym, wheel-rim, S3.—AS. hwéol; cp. Gr. κύκλος; see Douse, p. 37.

Whele, sb. a pimple, Prompt., Voc. (790. 27); wheal, SkD; wheale, ‘pupula,’ Manip.; queale, Manip.

Whelen, v. to putrefy, Prompt.—AS. hwelian (BT).

Whelke, sb. a pimple, Voc., Prompt., MD; whelk, Sh.; whelkes, pl., CM, C, SkD (s.v. wheal).

Whelp, sb. a whelp, dog, C2, C3, Prompt.; welp, MD; quelpe, MD; quilpe, MD; qwelpe, Voc.—AS. hwelp.

Whene, v. to lament, MD.—AS. hwǽnan. See Quain.

Whennes, adv. whence, C3, P; see Whannes.

Wher, adv. interrog. and rel. where, S, C2; whare, S2; whær, S; hwer, S; hwar, S; huer, S2; wer, S; war, S; quar, S2 (s.v. si-quar); quhare, S3; quuor, S. Comb.: wheras, where, S3, C2; werbi, whereby, S; werefore, wherefore, S; hwerfore, S; warevore, S, S2; werinne, wherein, S2; huermyde, wherewith, S2; quor-of, whereof, S; whærswa, wheresoever, S; wherso, C2; hwarse, S; hwerse, S; warso, S2; whærsitt, S; quhair-to, wherefore, S3; whærwiþþ, wherewith, S; wareþoru, wherethrough, S2.—AS. hwǽr.

Wher, pron. and conj. whether of the two, whether, S2, C, C2, G, PP; where, PP; whar, S; hwere, S; wer, S2; quer, S2; quhidder, S3; whether, S; hweðer, S. Comb.: wher so, whethersoever, S; queðer so, S.—AS. hwæðer. Cf. Auþer, Æiðer.

Whete, sb. wheat, Voc., C3; hwete, S; wete, S; quete, S2; quet, S2.—AS. hwǽte: Goth. hwaiteis.

Whethen, adv. whence, HD, H; whythyne, HD (p. 929).—Icel. hvaðan.

Whetten, v. to sharpen, CM, Prompt., S3; whætte, pt. s., S, MD; wette, MD. Comb.: whet-stone, Prompt.; whestone, Prompt.; wheston, Voc.; whestones, pl., S2.—AS. hwettan: Icel. hvetja. See What, adj.

Whi, adv. interrog. why, S; wi, S; wy, S; hwi, S; qui, S2.—AS. hwí, inst. of hwá. See Who.

Whicche, a chest, trunk, box; whucche, PP; whyche, Prompt.; hoche, Prompt.—AS. hwicce; ‘Clustella, hwicce;’ Engl. Studien, xi. 65.

Which, pron. interrog. and rel., adj. which, S2; whilk, S2; whillc, S; whulche, S; hwilc, S; hwilch, S; hwich, S; hwuch, S; huych, S; huyche, S2; wulc, S; wilk, S2; wulche, S; woche, S; wuch, S2; wic, S; quilc, S; quilk, S2 (squilk) H; quhilk, S3. Comb.: wilc so, whichsoever, S; hwychso, S.—AS. hwilc (for hwí-líc).

Whider, adv. whither, PP, C2, C; whidir, SkD; whyder, PP; hwider, S; wider, S; quhethir, S2. Comb.: hwiderse, whitherso, S; whider-ward, whitherward, S2; whederward, S2; whydyrward, S2; whederwarde-so, whithersoever, S2.—AS. hwider.

While, sb. a while, duration of time, PP; whyl, C2; hwile, S; hwule, S; wile, S; wyle, S2; wule, S2; quhyle, S3; whyle, adv., for a time, sometimes, formerly, S2; wile, S; wil, S3; quile, conj., S; quhill, S2, S3; wile, S. Comb.: whyle-ere, formerly, S3; whyler, C3.—AS. hwíl, a time, space: cp. Goth. hweila.

Whiles, adv. and conj. whiles, whilst, S2, PP; wiles, S; whyls, C3; hwils, S.

Whilk, pron. which, S2; see Which.

Whilom, adv. sometimes, formerly, C, S2, PP; whilum, PP; whylom, C2; hwilem, S; hwylem, S; wylem, S; quilum, S; quhilum, S3.—AS. hwílum, at times.

Whipling, sb. a murmuring, S3.

Whippe, sb. whip, scourge, SkD; quippe, Voc.; quhyp, S3.

Whippen, v. to move suddenly and quickly, SkD; whypt, pt. s., S3.

Whit, sb. a wight, man, S3; see Wight.

Whitely, adv. quite, H; see Quytly.

Who, pron. interrog. and rel. who, any one, SD, PP; wha, S2; hwo, S; huo, S2; hwa, S; ho, S2; wo, S, S2; wa, S; quho, S3; quha, S2; ȝwo, SD; qva, SD; qvo, SD; qwo, SD. Comb.: who se, who so, S2, PP; hwo se, S; ho se, S2; ho so, P; wo so, S, S2; hwa se, S.—AS. hwá, hwá-swá; cp. Lat. quo-d; see Douse, p. 71.

Whom, pron. interrog. and rel. dat. to whom, C2; wham, S; wam, S; hwom, S; hwam, S; quam, S.—AS. hwám, hwǽm (dat.).

Whon, pron. interrog. and rel. acc. (also dat.), S; whan, SD; hwan, S; wan, S, S2.—AS. hwone (acc.).

Whos, pron. interrog. and rel. gen. whose, C2, W; whas, SD, P; whes, SD; quhais, S3; quhois, S3.—AS. hwæs (gen.).

Whough, interj. whew!, S3; wough, S3.

Whulche, pron. which, S; see Which.

Whyppyltre, sb. cornel-tree, C; see Wyppyl-tre.

Whyrle, sb. whirl, giraculum, Cath. (n). Comb.: whirl-bon, vertebra, SD; whyrlebone, Voc.; whorlebone, Cath.; whyrlewynde, turbo, Prompt.

Whyrlyn, v. to whirl, Prompt.; whirlen, C2; wyrle, S2; quhyrl, S3. Comb.: whirlinge wyndys, whirlwinds, W.—Icel. hvirfla, to whirl.

Whyte, sb. white wine, C3.

Whyte, adj. white, PP, C2; whit, S, C, PP; hwit, S; wit, S; quhite, S3; quhyt, S3; quite, S2; huyter, comp., S2; whittore, S2. Der.: whytnesse, whiteness, C3. Comb.: Witsunnedei, Whitsunday, S; Witesonetid, Whitsuntide, S2.—AS. hwít: cp. Goth. hweits.