A dissertation on the true age of the world

1.

Mr. Cuninghame’s discovery of the mystical signification of the Seventy years’ Captivity—Its connection with the Era of the French Revolution—Confirmed by the sentiments of the modern Jews—Prediction of Rabbi Joseph Crool—Prediction in the Hebrew Tract, “Explanation of the Times,” published in 1794—The latter prediction not fulfilled—Hope concerning Israel.

Besides developing the original views of M. de Chesaux, and applying them in a very remarkable manner to the great epochs of the Septuagint chronology, Mr. Cuninghame has suggested and confirmed the important discovery, that the period of seventy years’ captivity in Babylon “has a mystical signification,” as well as a literal one, “and probably represents the whole period of the captivities and dispersions of Judah, until the final redemption of the nation.”^[36] He has more fully developed his ideas on this subject, in his “Chronology of Israel,” and in his “Fulness of the Times;” in which he shows, that the mystical interpretation is a period of seventy jubilees, or 3430 years in Spiritual Babylon, at the expiration of which “the Redemption of Israel draweth nigh.” Reckoning this period to commence at the epoch of the first Redemption of Israel, the Exodus from Egypt, he finds that it terminates at the era of the French Revolution, A. D. 1792. This opinion is strongly confirmed by the sentiments of the modern Jews. Thus, in a book entitled “The Restoration of Israel,” published in 1812, by Rabbi Joseph Crool, Teacher of Hebrew, in the University of Cambridge, the author says, p. 59, “By this calculation we may learn that the Jubilee of the Restoration of Israel has begun already these twenty years back, that is, just when the Revolution began in France; at that very time, the seventy jubilees were at an end.” The following is still more curious, p. 60:—“There are yet thirty-six years to the end of the Jubilee of Israel, and before the end of these thirty-six years, Israel will be restored, and the Messiah will take possession of his empire;” that is, in A. D. 1848! Mr. Cuninghame, in his “Chronology of Israel,” p. 69, refers to a Hebrew tract, published in 1794, entitled “Explanation of the Times,” in which the Advent of the Messiah is placed at the end of 112 jubilees from Creation, an epoch which, according to the true chronology, was A.M. 5488, and corresponded exactly to the fourteenth year of Christ, when, according to the law, he first appeared in his own person in the Temple, and was no longer a child. It is also worthy of remark, that, if this period be reckoned according to the curtailed system of Jewish chronology,—which is even shorter than that of the modern Hebrew text, placing the birth of Christ in A. M. 3760,—the advent of their Messiah was expected in A. M. 5600, that is, according to them, in A. D. 1840! The Jews, in this calculation, erroneously reckon the Jubilee at fifty years instead of forty-nine; for 50 multiplied by 112, gives the product 5600. The epoch being now past, which, according to the latter computation was to be the era of their Redemption, let us hope that they will no longer look for the first advent of the Messiah, seeing that it has long since taken place; but that, embracing the religion of the New Testament, which is virtually the same as that of the Old, they will turn with their whole heart to seek “the angel of Jehovah’s presence, who saved them;” who, “in his love and pity redeemed them;” and, who “bare them and carried them all the days of old.”

2.

Mr. Cuninghame’s discovery of seven streams of time, of seventy jubilees each, in the true system of chronology—This test wholly inapplicable to any other system—His discovery of five streams of time of different jubilean periods—Utility of his “Fulness of the Times,” where these discoveries are developed—Notice of his more recent works.

Mr. Cuninghame proves that the periods of all the great eras in the history of the Israelites and Jews, are measured by great jubilean and astronomical cycles. In his “Fulness of the Times,” he demonstrates the existence of seven streams of jubilean time from the era of the Exodus and establishment in Canaan, each containing a period of seventy jubilees, in the true system of chronology; and that these seven streams are marked at their beginning and end, and at several intermediate points, by great eras in history. He shows also that all other schemes of chronology, particularly those of Usher, Hales, and the Jewish Rabbis, cannot stand this test of accuracy and perfection, and consequently, none of them can be the true system. To these great streams of jubilean time, he adds other five streams, consisting of different periods of jubilees, which he has discovered in the true system, all marked, in like manner, by remarkable historical events. In the course of his laborious investigations, in order to establish these general streams of cyclical time, he touches on many interesting and disputed facts both in sacred and profane history, which renders the work a complete storehouse of information on chronological questions; while the Supplements, Prefaces, Dissertations, and Appendixes, to which we had such frequent occasion to refer, partake so much of the same general character, as to make it a work of universal reference. In the general preface to the second edition, the author announced some new discoveries in regard to the cyclical character of the mundane times. These he has more fully developed and applied with the most extraordinary industry and ingenuity, in the following recent works:—“The Scientific Chronology of the year 1839;” “A Supplement to” the preceding work, “comprising the Arithmetical Solution, and Chronological Application of the Number 666;” “The Season of the End;” “A Chart of Sacred Chronology,” with an “Essay to accompany” it; “A Dissertation on the Apocalypse,” with “A Supplement in two Parts:—I. On the Scientific Chronology, as a Test of Apocalyptical Interpretation;—II. On the Scientific character of the Great Numbers of Daniel;” also “A Discourse on the Scientific Measures of the Mundane Times, and the Reasons for the Greek Chronology;” and, “A Table of the Greek and Hebrew Chronologies from Creation to the end of the Jewish War,” 4th Edition. We shall now endeavour to give a short notice of these discoveries.

3.

Various cycles which enter into the true system of chronology—Mr. Cuninghame’s discovery of the trinal fraction—Its explanation and application by an Algebraic formula—Original form in which it was discovered—Its superiority to the formulæ of the figurate numbers—Remarkable instance of its application to Scriptural and other numbers, and to lunar and solar cyclical numbers—Mr. Cuninghame’s definition of the trinal fraction the most correct—The series deduced from its formula possesses curious properties.

It has been already shown that according to the will of Him, who (τοὺς ἀιῶνας ἐποίησεν) constructed the ages, the septenary cycle, with its multiples and higher powers, and the lunisolar cycles, with their sums, differences and multiples, including the Metonic, the Jubilean, the Prophetic and the Secular, enter into the structure of the true chronology. To these, Mr. Cuninghame adds the Duodenary cycle, and its multiples and higher powers; the Undenary cycle, which is also Lunisolar; the Quinary cycle, which is indicated no less than four times in the formation of man; and the Trinal fraction, which alone seems to require explanation. The author was led by circumstances detailed in “The Scientific Chronology” pp. 5–8, to give the name of “Trinal fraction” to the general term of a series of numbers of which each is composed of the root, its square, and unity, that is, in Algebraic language, n² + n + 1; an expression, in which n may be zero, unity, or any whole number whatever, and giving, by the substitution of 0, 1, 2, 3, &c. as roots, the series itself, namely, 1, 3, 7, 13, 21, 31, 43, 57, 73, &c. To the discovery of this series, as new in mathematics, of course, he makes no claim; because, a mere tyro in that science could write out a hundred such in as many minutes; see “Dissertation on the Apocalypse,” fourth edition, pp. 522, 523; but, to the discovery of its application to the cyclical character of the mundane times, he has a decided claim, and we think he has fully substantiated it by a reference to chronological facts.

As to the formula itself, its most general form is n³ + n² + n
n as originally discovered by the author; and in this form it is manifestly more simple and general than any of the formulæ of the figurate numbers; for, if n be taken equal to zero, in any of the latter, the value of the vanishing fraction is always equal to zero; but, in the former, it is equal to unity, the first term of the series, and the basis of all numerical calculation. Let us take some other examples of its application: the sacred number 3, is the trinal fraction of unity, and although it includes the higher powers of the root, is only the sum of three units, mysteriously indicating a trinity in unity. The sacred number 7, is the trinal fraction of 2, which is the basis of the binary system of numeration so natural to man. The number 13, is the trinal fraction of 3, and is a lunisolar cycle of years, the hebdomadal measure of the seasons of the year, and the actual number of the tribes of Israel. The number 21 is the trinal fraction of 4, and the product of the sacred numbers 3 and 7, the trinal fractions of 1 and 2. The number 31, is the trinal fraction of 5, the basis of the Quinary scale so incorporated with the human frame, and is the measure of the life of the first man. The number 57, is the trinal fraction of the sacred number 7, and three times the Metonic cycle of nineteen years, being an element of the Mundane Times. Lastly, the number 73, is the trinal fraction of 8, a lunisolar cycle of years, and gives, when multiplied by 5, the number of days in the solar cycle.

The trinal fraction has been compared also with the formula n² − n + 1, which is only a particular case of it, namely, where n is negative. It is true, that if in this formula, −1, −2, −3, &c., be taken for values of n, it will still give the series of trinal fractions; but it does not therefore follow that the two formulæ are the same; for, if in the latter, n be taken equal to zero, it will give the same result as when n is taken equal to −1! The definition given by Mr. Cuninghame, is therefore the most accurate, simple, and general, and one which can be easily comprehended without any reference to the formulæ of the Figurate Numbers. Moreover, the author has shown in the works last referred to, that the series of trinal fractions possess higher properties of science, mathematically, astronomically, and chronologically, than the triangular numbers, from which it is pretended that they have been derived. To some very curious properties and applications of the trinal fractions, the author has added a “Table of the Trinal Fractions from 1 to 85, showing the sums of the Roots and Fractions at each Pentad,” p. 519 of the “Dissertation;” and he has shown how these numbers enter so extensively and so mysteriously into the whole structure of the Mundane Times!

4.

Application of the Theory of the Trinal Fraction to the discovery of the meaning of the Number of the Beast in the Revelation of John—Proof that the number 666 is the number of a Man—Its indication of Spiritual and Secular dominion—Of Tyranny and Persecution—Recent efforts to raise the Beast again to power—A warning to Protestants.

We may just give another example of the application of this theory to the discovery of the meaning of a very much disputed number both in chronology and history. If we look into Mr. Cuninghame’s table, we find that the number 111 is the trinal fraction of 10; and if it be multiplied by the mathematically perfect number 6, the number of blessing and cursing (Deut. xxvii. 12, 13) it will give the product 666, the number of the Beast (Rev. xiii. 18). Now, we have seen that the number 10, or 5 + 5, is a number indicated in the formation of man; it is also the base of the Denary system of numeration employed by all mankind; it is plain, therefore, that the number of the Beast, to which was also given “a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies,” is thus discovered to be “the number of a man;” the two fives indicating both hands, with which this human beast grasped at both spiritual and secular dominion over the saints of God. But, we know that when he attempted to use a third and a fourth five, by putting his feet upon their necks, and trampling them under him, his wrath was mercifully restrained by a higher Power, and he lost one five, that is, one hand, even the secular dominion! Nevertheless, we find that now he is endeavouring to use both hands, and is making a mighty effort to recover strength in the “withered hand.” He has, however, been compelled to abandon the use of the foot, and to declare aloud to Christendom, not only that it is perfectly innocuous at present, but that it shall never be used again! Let Protestants beware; if once he recovers the use of the lost hand, he will be sure again to employ the sleeping foot! The solution of the problem is due to the author, the commentary upon it is ours. For an extensive and curious application of this number in the true system of Chronology, see the “Supplement to the Scientific Chronology of 1839.”^[37]

1.

Mr. Cuninghame’s application of the Lunisolar cycles and Septenary periods to the settlement of chronological questions—The Septuagint proved to be the exact truth by a complex harmony of scientific time—His “Synopsis of Chronology” recommended.

In his “Synopsis of Chronology,” Mr. Cuninghame very fully developes the nature of the Lunisolar Cycles and Septenary Periods, settles several important chronological questions by means of this touchstone of accuracy, and gives a great many remarkable series of historical events, whose intervals are all measured by complete cycles from the era of Creation, from the births and deaths of the Ante and Postdiluvian Patriarchs, and from the Exodus and occurrences in the life of David the King. In this manner, he shows that the Septuagint chronology “is proved to be the exact truth by such a complex harmony of scientific time, or in other words, of great astronomical periods, which do, as the web and the woof, intersect and intertwine each other with multiplied and variegated harmony of arrangement, knitting together all the great eras of the world, and the most ancient antediluvian periods with the events of our times, as to make it manifest that it is the workmanship, not of a finite mind, but of Him who set forth the sun and moon in their courses;”^[38] see page 25. The author next recapitulates the series of great periods to the birth and death of Christ, shows the use of the scientific chronology in refuting false dates, &c.; and gives astronomical evidence of the near approximation of the larger lunisolar cycles to the exact truth. He then terminates this work with a series of the most valuable tables of chronology from Creation to A. D. 1837, including a curious table of the great periods which expire in that year.

2.

Evidence in favour of the Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies compared and tested by Mr. Cuninghame—His detection of the Scheme of Fraud invented by the Jewish Rabbis for shortening the chronology of the Scriptures—His exposition of this Scheme in three distinct Acts, and the result of the whole.

In his work, entitled “The Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried,” he very carefully sifts the evidence in favour of both systems, by a minute analysis of the Jubilean series from the Greek era of Creation B. C. 5478, and from the Hebrew era, B. C. 4004, and demonstrates, by a comparative estimate of both series, that the former must be the true chronology; he then applies the test of the lunisolar cycles to the same era in both systems, and to other eras of marked importance, illustrating the whole in a tabular form; establishes the accuracy of the Greek series in the most irrefragable manner; and, finally, detects the scheme adopted by the Jewish Rabbis in shortening the chronology of the Scriptures, showing that, though it be one of deep and artful contrivance, it will not stand the test of scientific investigation. The following is their scheme of fraud which the author has detected, and which they have employed for this nefarious purpose. The first act of the Rabbis in corrupting the chronology, was to determine the total sum of years to be annihilated. The second act was to divide it among the great subdivisions of the Mundane Times. The third act was to distribute it among the reigns and administrations so as most effectually to conceal the fraud. They first determined to place the Mundane era at the birth of Lamech B. C. 4005. This comes out at the 1st of Nisan, of his first year B. C. 4004. Thus they annihilated 1474 years. Their second act was to divide this sum of 1474 years, by abstracting periods equal to the following from the great subdivisions of the Mundane ages:—

I. Before the Deluge; 1st, A period equal to that from Noah’s birth B. C. 3817, to the flood B. C. 3217, namely 600 years: 2nd, From the death of Methusaleh to the Deluge, six years; making the total curtailed from the Creation to the Flood, 606 years.

II. From the Flood to Abraham; a period equal to the interval from the death of Noah B. C. 2867, to the year before the birth of Abraham B. C. 2146, (“Fulness of the Times,” p. 138), 721 years.

III. From the Exodus to the foundation of Solomon’s Temple; a period equal to the interval from the Exodus B. C. 1639, to the administration of Ehud B. C. 1506, 133 years.

IV. From the foundation of Solomon’s Temple to the Captivity; a period equal to the interval from the Captivity of Jehoiachin B. C. 598, to the carrying away the last remnant of the people B. C. 584, (Jer. lii. 30; “Dissertation on the Apocalypse,” p. 504,) 14 years.

The total sum of all the years thus abstracted in these four periods is 1474; for in the

and the effect is, as above stated, to make the era of Creation, B. C. (5478–1474) = B. C. 4004.^[39]

3.

Recommendation of Mr. Cuninghame’s “Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried”—His description and Table of the Great Periods of 1838—His table of both Chronologies—His appeal to the disciples of Usher—His view of their chronological difficulties and paradoxes—His call to them to produce their evidence in favour of their system.

This work concludes with a description and Table of the Great Periods which terminate in and mark the year 1838, as the point of time which sums up and concentrates, as in a focus, the chronology of past ages. These he divides into four great classes, viz., Mundane, Patriarchal, Mosaic, and Intermediate Eras, illustrating the whole with tables and arguments, and ending with “A Comparative Table of the Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies from the Creation to the accession of Uzziah, B. C. 810, showing their Jubilean difference to the Christian era at each date.” The inconceivable labour which the author has undergone to find out the true system of chronology, and his triumphant success in establishing it on the double evidence of Scripture testimony and Mathematical and Astronomical Science, entitle him to make the following decided appeal to the disciples of Usher, “Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried,” pp. 88, 89.

“They, it seems, possess the true chronology! incumbered indeed with a few awkward difficulties and paradoxes; as that the people, whose sins St. Paul declares to have been filled up, who had crucified the Messiah, and were the persecutors of his Church, and are the chronological forgers who have corrupted the times of Daniel’s prophecy of the seventy weeks, telling us in their almanacs, as I see from that of their year of the world 5598, answering to 1837–8, now open before me, that from the destruction of the first temple by Nebuchadnezzar, to that of the second by the Romans, were only 490 years, the true chronology being 657 years, are yet more worthy of credit than the apostles of the Lord, and the first churches, and the text of St. Luke!—As that Abraham was born only two years after the death of Noah, and was the contemporary of Shem, Arphaxed, Salah, Eber, the last of whom actually survived him; and thus that there were different and discordant economies of the world co-existent and co-etaneous!—As that, it is better to twist, and crucify, and reject the chronological testimony of the whole book of Judges, than expressly to admit that the immaculate Rabbis have interpolated in a single text, 1 Kings vi. 1., a single false number!—Yet, notwithstanding these few and awkward difficulties,—we repeat it—the disciples of Usher can have no difficulty, seeing they possess the truth! in producing from their hidden treasures, greater and more stupendous concentrations of the true chronology, at some given point of time, than has now been evolved from the Septuagint!”

4.

Recommendation of Mr. Cuninghame’s later works—Summary of the remarkable and original subjects of which they treat—His remarks on the Theories of modern Geologists recommended—Their large demands upon time not warranted by the simplicity of the Mosaic narrative—The authority and authenticity of the Inspired Record endangered by their speculations—Another mode of solving Geological difficulties recommended—A boon of 1500 years additional granted to Geologists—Recommendation of Mr. Morison’s “Religious History of Man”—Mr. Cuninghame’s discoveries concentrated in his “Chart of Chronology” and “Essay,” and in the Appendices to the fourth edition of his “Dissertation on the Apocalypse.”

The views developed by Mr. Cuninghame, in the preceding work, are still more fully exemplified and applied in his later works. In these, he gives, 1st, A Table, accompanied with numerous cyclical demonstrations, of the great periods which expire in 1839; a further elucidation of the four great classes of Eras, the Mundane, the Patriarchal, the Ecclesiastical, and the Prophetical; and remarks on the great periods which expire in 1840 and 1841. 2nd.—Tables of the whole Eras from Creation to the last year of Christ’s personal ministry, and of years subsequent to that event, from which simple Trinal Fractions being reckoned, terminate in 1839. 3rd.—Table of the Great Periods which expire in 1840, with remarks and illustrations; Division of the Mundane period from Creation to 1840, into eleven subordinate periods or ages, marked by perfect cycles of scientific time; the arrival of the time of the End, and of the Restoration of Israel.^[40] To the latter work, he prefixes some pertinent and pungent remarks on the modern Theories of Geology as opposed to the Scriptures, in which we entirely coincide; and, though our space will not permit us to enter into any discussion, we cannot avoid remarking, that the principle of interposing, between the first and second verses of Genesis, chap. i.—“millions of ages”—“unlimited drafts upon antiquity”—“an unutterable period”—“unnumbered ages,” &c.,—is wholly unwarranted by the truth and simplicity of the Mosaic narrative, and extremely dangerous to the authority and authenticity of the Inspired Record. Instead of demanding “millions of ages,” therefore, we would seriously advise Geologists—Christian Geologists, at least,—to be content with the extraordinary rapidity of chemical operations and electrical developements, within a very limited period of time, and to endeavour to explain their Geological phenomena in a manner more in accordance with the known chronology of the world, to the common estimate of which must now be added nearly 1500 years on the authority of Scripture! But on this subject we must refer to the author’s work, “Season of the End,” pp. viii-xiii., and to Morison’s “Religious History of Man,” ch. ii. pp. 25–46. In fine, we observe, that the results of Mr. Cuninghame’s labours and discoveries are concentrated in the “Chart of Chronology” and “Essay,” and in the fourth edition of the “Dissertation on the Apocalypse.”

Note A.

The number and variety of the author’s proofs of this general proposition are so great, that we can scarcely dip into a page of his chronological works without meeting them; the following are some of the most remarkable instances.

From Creation B. C. 5478,—to the birth of Enoch B. C. 4357, are 1121 years, a number which is 59 times the cycle of 19 years,—to the Deluge B. C. 3217, are 2261 years, which is 119 times or 17 weeks of the cycle of 19,—to Noah’s Egression from the Ark B. C. 3216, are 2262 years, which is a Lunar cycle, the moon fast 15 hours,—to the birth of Arphaxad B. C. 3215, are 2263 years, which is the product of the Trinal Fractions 31 and 73,—and from the death of Adam B. C. 4548, to the birth of Arphaxad, are 1333 years, which is the trinal fraction of 36, and the product of the trinal fractions 31 and 43.

To the Dedication of Solomon’s Temple B. C. 1019,—from Creation, are 4459 years, which is 91 Jubilees or 13 cubes of 7, or the product of the cube of the trinal fraction of 2 by the trinal fraction of 3; otherwise, it is 13 weeks of the Jubilee, 91 and 13 being both trinal fractions, as well as 343 the week of the Jubilee,—from the birth of Arphaxad, are 2196 years, which is 12 times the trinal fraction 183,—from the birth of Abraham B. C. 2145, are 1126 years, which is the sum of the trinal fractions 993 and 133,—from the birth of Isaac B. C. 2045, are 1026 years, which is 54 times the cycle of 19,—from the birth of Ishmael B. C. 2059, are 1040 years, which is a perfect Lunar cycle,—and from the Exodus B. C. 1639, are 620 years, which is 20 times the trinal fraction 31.

From Creation,—to the foundation of Rome B. C. 753, are 4725 years, which is 15 times the Lunar cycle of 315 years,—to the taking of Babylon by Cyrus B. C. 538, are 4940 years, which is 260 times the cycle of 19,—to the taking of Jerusalem by Pompey B. C. 63, are 5415 years, which is 15 times the square of the cycle of 19,—to the death of Christ A. D. 33, are 5510 years, which is 290 times the cycle of 19,—and from the Deluge to the death of Christ, are 3249 years, which is 9 times the square of the cycle of 19, or the product of the squares of 3 and 19.

From the death of Noah B. C. 2867, to that of Shem B. C. 2715, are 152 years, which is 8 times the cycle of 19; thence, to that of Arphaxad B. C. 2677, 38 years, which is 2 times the cycle of 19; and thence, to that of Cainan II. B. C. 2620, 57 years, which is 3 times the cycle of 19,—to the birth of Abraham, are 722 years, which is 2 times the square of the cycle 19,—to the death of Joseph B. C. 1784, are 1083 years, which is 3 times the square of the cycle of 19,—to the birth of David B. C. 1100, are 1767 years, which is 93 cycles of 19,—and to the French Revolution of A. D. 1789, are 4655 years, which is 245 cycles of 19, or 95 Jubilees. From the flood to the death of Salah B. C. 2517, are 700 years; and from the death of Noah to the same, are 350 years.

From the birth of Judah B. C. 1903, to the attempt to establish a Christian church at Jerusalem A. D. 1842, are exactly 3744 years, which is two times the square of 12, added to 3 times the cube of 12. From the capture of Jerusalem by David B. C. 1063, to A. D. 1842, are exactly 2904 years, or 2 times the square of 11, added to 2 times the cube of 11. Hence, from the birth of Judah to the capture of Jerusalem, are 840 years, which is the product of 70 and 12, or of 7 and 120. From the Exodus B. C. 1639, to the capture of Jerusalem, are 576 years, which is 4 times the square of 12, and to A. D. 1842, are 3480 years, which is 2 times 12 added to 2 times the cube of 12; and from the entrance of Israel into Canaan B. C. 1599, to A. D. 1842, are 3440 years, which is 8 times 430, (see Exodus xii. 40.)

It is utterly impossible to give our readers any correct idea of the extraordinary labour which the author must have had in the construction of these Tables, or of the astonishing coincidences which he has discovered in the cyclical periods of time which connect remote events in the history of the world with those which are passing under our own eyes in these latter days; we must positively refer our readers to the works themselves, particularly the “Season of the End.” We shall take however one event from this work, as an example of the rest, namely, the “Accession of Victoria,” A. D. 1837, and show how he connects it with past history in the true system of Chronology. From the birth of Seth, B. C. 5249, are 7085 years, which is the sum of the trinal fractions 6973, 91, and 21; the corresponding epochs being a Grand conjunction of the Planets in A. D. 1725, the first year of General Peace in A. D. 1816, and the Accession; or, the sum of the trinal fractions 6963, 91, and 31, the corresponding epochs being the Rebellion of A. D. 1715, the fall of Prussia in A. D. 1806, and the Accession.

From the birth of Enos B. C. 5044, are 6880 years, which is the sum of the trinal fractions 6807 and 73. From the death of Seth B. C. 4337, are 6173 years, which is the sum of 5932, or 4 times the fraction 1483, and the fraction 241; the corresponding epochs, being the Divine defeat of the Spanish Armada in A. D. 1596, and the Accession. From the birth of Methuselah B. C. 4192, are 6028 years, which is the sum of the fractions 6007 and 21, the corresponding epochs being the General Peace in A. D. 1816, and the Accession. From the birth of Japhet B. C. 3317, are 5153 years, which is the sum of 4820, or 20 times the fraction 241, and 333, or 3 times the fraction 111. From the Egression of Noah from the Ark B. C. 3216, are 5052 years, which is the sum of 4995, or 45 times the fraction 111, and the fraction 57 or 3 times the cycle of 19.

From the death of Eber B. C. 2416, are 4252 years, which is the sum of the fractions 4161 and 91, the corresponding epochs being the defeat of the Pretender at Culloden in A. D. 1746, and the Accession. From the Call of Abraham B. C. 2070, are 3906 years, which is the sum of 3885 or 35 times the fraction 111 and the fraction 21, the corresponding epochs being the General Peace in A. D. 1816, and the Accession. From the beginning of the 3rd servitude of Israel B. C. 1426, are 3262 years, which is the sum of 3219, or 29 times the fraction 111, and the fraction 43, the corresponding epochs being the fall of Robespierre A. D. 1794, and the Accession. From the captivity in Babylon B. C. 606, are 2442 years, which is 22 times the fraction 111, and terminates at the epoch of the Accession. From the birth of Christ B. C. 3, are 1839 years, which is the sum of 1776, or 16 times the fraction 111, and 63, or 3 times the fraction 21, the corresponding epochs being the Accession of Louis XVI. in 1774, and the Accession of Victoria I. But we must stop here, having cited only 12 instances out of 30 given by the author, in which the latter event is shown to be linked to great events in the former history of the world by curious and remarkable cycles of time.