A First Spanish Reader

a, to, at, on, in, from, for; not translated before direct personal object.

abajo, down.

abandonar, to abandon, desert, leave, relinquish; —se, to be abandoned.

abanico, m., fan.

abeja, f., bee.

abierta, f., act of opening.

abierto,-a, open; p. p. of abrir.

abono, m., subscription.

Abou, m., Abu (proper name).

abrazar, to embrace; —se, to embrace each other.

abril, m., April.

abrir, (p. p. abierto), to open.

absurdo,-a, absurd.

abuela, f., grandmother.

abuelo, m., grandfather; pl., grandparents.

abundancia, f., abundance, plenty.

abundante, abundant.

abundar, to abound; — en dinero, to have plenty of money.

acabar, to complete, finish; give out, become exhausted;

acaba de ver, he has just seen; acaba por vender, he sells at last; al — de reír, as they finished laughing.

acaso, perhaps.

accidente, m., accident, chance.

acción, f., action; share.

acerca de, in regard to, about.

acercarse, to approach, draw near.

acero, m., steel; sword.

acierto, m., success; skill.

acompañar, to accompany.

aconsejar, to advise.

acontecer, to happen, take place.

acontecido: lo —, what has happened.

acontecimiento, m., event.

acordarse, (ue), to remember, recall.

acortar, to shorten.

acostarse, (ue), to lie down, go to bed.

acostumbrarse, to be accustomed, become accustomed.

acto, m., act.

actriz, f., actress.

acuático, -a, aquatic; línea acuática, water route.

acudir, to come, hasten.

acueducto, m., aqueduct.

acueste, pres. subj. of acostar.

Adán, m., Adam.

adelantarse, to go ahead, go in advance.

adelante, forward; en —, henceforth.

además, moreover, besides.

adentro, within; para sus —s, to himself.

¡adiós! good-by!

adivinanza, f., riddle.

adivinar, to guess; suspect.

admirarse, to be surprised.

adonde, where, whither.

adorable, adorable, adored.

adormecer, to go to sleep.

adornar, to adorn.

adorno, m., ornament.

adulto, -a, m. and f., adult, grown-up.

adversidad, f., adversity, misfortune.

advertencia, f., remark.

advertir, (ie), to notice, remark; call attention to; warn, caution.

advierto, pres. of advertir.

advirtió, past abs. of advertir.

afablemente, affably.

afecto, m., affection.

afeitar, to shave.

afición, f., fondness.

aficionado, -a, fond.

afilado, -a, sharp.

afilar, to sharpen.

afligir, to grieve.

afortunadamente, happily, fortunately.

afortunado, -a, fortunate.

África, f., Africa.

agitar, to shake; —se, to become excited.

agosto, m., August.

agotar, to exhaust.

agradable, agreeable, pleasant.

agradar, to please.

agrado, m., charm.

agrícola, agricultural.

agricultura, f., agriculture.

agua, f., water; estación de las —s, rainy season.

aguardar, to wait.

agudeza, f., wit; brightness.

agudo, -a, sharp, pointed; witty.

águila, f., eagle.

aguja, f., needle.

¡ah! interj., oh! alas!

ahí, there.

ahogado, -a, stifled, choked.

ahora, now; — mismo, even now; por —, for the present, now.

ahorcar, to hang.

aire, m., air.

ajeno, -a, strange, foreign; another's.

ajustar, to adjust, arrange, settle, regulate.

al = a el.

ala, f., wing.

alabar, to praise.

alameda, f., promenade.

alarmado, -a, alarmed.

alboroque, m., treat.

alborotar, to make a noise; —se, to become excited.

alcalde, m., judge.

Alcántara, a city in western Spain; orden de —, a religious and military order, founded in 1156.

alcanzar, to attain; catch up with.

Alcarria, a mountainous district in Eastern Spain.

alcázar, m., castle.

aldabazo, m., loud knock.

aldea, f., village.

aldeano, m., countryman.

alegrarse, to rejoice, be glad.

alegre, glad, joyful.

alegremente, merrily.

alegría, f., gladness, joy.

Alejandro, m., Alexander.

alejarse, to go away.

Alemania, f., Germany.

Alfonso, m., Alfonso XIII, King of Spain.

alforja, f., saddlebag.

álgebra, f., algebra.

algo, pron. and adv., something, somewhat.

algodón, m., cotton.

alguien, somebody, some one.

algún, see alguno.

alguno, -a, some one, some.

alhaja, f., jewel.

aliento, m., courage.

alimento, m., food.

alma, f., soul; de mi —, dearly beloved.

Almanzor, m., Almansor.

alrededor (de), about, around; a mi —, around me.

altercar, to quarrel.

alteza, f., elevation; Alteza, Highness.

alto, -a, adj., high, loud.

alto, adv., loud; pasar por —, to pass over in silence.

altura, f., height.

alumno, m., pupil, student.

allá, there; más —, beyond, further.

allí, there; por —, there.

amado, -a, beloved.

amar, to love; —se, to love each other.

amarillo, -a, yellow.

ambos, -as, both.

América, f., America; la — del Sur, South America.

americano, -a, American.

amigo, m., friend.

amiguito, m., friend.

amo, m., master, owner.

amor, m., love, affection.

amoroso, -a, loving.

ampliar, to increase.

Ana, f., Anna.

anciano, -a, old.

ancho, -a, broad, wide; ¿cuánto tiene el canal de —? how wide is the canal?

anchura, f., width.

¡anda! interj., come now! get along!

andar, (past abs., anduve), to go, walk.

Andes: los —, the Andes mountains.

anduvo, past abs. of andar.

anécdota, f., anecdote.

ángel, m., angel.

angosto, -a, narrow.

anhelar, to desire, long for.

ánima, f., soul; spirit.

animado, -a, animated, lively.

animal, m., animal; fool, jackass.

ánimo, m., courage, spirits.

anoche, last night.

anochecer, to become dark; al —, at dusk.

ansiosamente, anxiously.

ante, prep., before.

anterior, front; former.

antes, adv., before; sooner, rather, — de, — que, prep., before.

antiguo, -a, old, ancient.

Antillas: las —, two groups of islands in the West Indies.

Antonio, m., Anthony.

anunciar, to announce.

anuncio, m., announcement.

añadir, to add.

añil, m., indigo.

año, m., year; tiene ocho —s, he is eight years old.

aparecer, (pres. aparezco), to appear.

apariencia, f., appearance.

apartado,-a, secluded, out of the way.

apartarse, to go away, depart.

apellido, m., surname.

apenas, scarcely, hardly.

apetito, m., appetite.

aplicar, to apply.

apodo, m., nickname; poner un ——, to give a nickname.

apostar, (ue), to bet, wager.

aprecio, m., valuation.

aprender, to learn; —— a, to learn to.

aprendiz, m., apprentice.

aprensivo,-a, apprehensive, timid.

aprestar, to make ready, prepare.

apresurar(se), to hasten, hurry.

aprisionado,-a, imprisoned, confined, encased.

apuesta, pres. of apostar.

apuesta, f., bet, wager.

apuro, m., difficulty, embarrassment.

aquel, aquella, aquello, dem. adj., that.

aquél, aquélla, dem. pron., that one, the former.

aquí, here; por ——, here.

ara, f., altar.

árbol, m., tree.

arcángel, m., archangel.

ardilla, f., squirrel.

arduo,-a, arduous, rough.

arena, f., sand; arena.

Argentina, f., Argentina.

aristocrático,-a, aristocratic.

aritmética, f., arithmetic.

arpa, f., harp.

arreglar, to settle, arrange.

arrepentido,-a, sorry.

arrestar, to arrest.

arriba (de), above, up; upstairs; más ——, further up; ¡——! up!

arrodillarse, to kneel down.

arrojar, to throw, hurl.

arroz, m., rice.

arte, m. and f., art.

artículo, m., article.

artístico,-a, artistic.

ascender, (ie), to amount to.

ascensor, m., elevator.

asegurar, to assure.

aserradero, m., lumber mill.

asesinar, to assassinate, murder.

asfalto, m., asphalt.

así, thus, so; —— que, so that.

Asia, f., Asia.

asir, (pres. asgo), to seize, grasp.

asistente, m., assistant.

asistir a, to be present, attend.

asno, m., ass, donkey.

asomar, to show.

asombro, m., surprise, astonishment.

aspecto, m., aspect, appearance.

aspirar, to smell.

astilla, f., splinter, chip.

astrología, f., astrology.

astrólogo, m., astrologer.

asunto, m., affair, matter.

asustarse, to become frightened.

atado, -a, tied.

atención, f., attention; prestar ——, to pay attention.

atentamente, attentively.

atento, -a, attentive.

aterrador, -ra, terrifying.

Atlántico, -a, Atlantic.

atolondrado, -a, flighty, scatter-brained.

atónito, -a, surprised, astonished.

atraer, (like traer), to draw down.

atrás, back, backward.

atravesar, to traverse, cross.

atreverse, to dare.

atronador, -ra, thundering.

aturdido, -a, dumbfounded.

audaz, bold, daring.

audiencia, f., audience.

aumentar, to augment, increase.

aumento, m., increase; va en ——, is increasing.

aun, aún, still, even, yet.

aunque, although.

ausencia, f., absence.

automóvil, m., automobile.

autor, m., author.

autoridad, f., authority.

avaricia, f., avarice.

avaro, -a, avaricious.

avaro, m., miser.

ave, f., bird.

avena, f., oats.

avenida, f., avenue.

aventura, f., adventure.

averiguar, to fathom, solve.

avivar, to enliven, quicken; aviva el ojo, keep your eyes open, look sharp.

ayuda, f., help, assistance; —— de cámara, valet.

ayudante, m., assistant.

ayudar, to help, assist.

azotea, f., balcony.

azúcar, m., sugar; caña de ——, sugar cane.

azufre, m., sulphur.

azul, blue.

Bahía, f., Bahia, a city in Brazil.

bahía, f., bay.

bailarina, f., dancer.

bajar, to go down.

bajo, adv., low.

bajo, -a, low.

bajo, prep., under.

balde: en ——, in vain; de ——, for nothing, gratis.

balneario, m., watering place.

banco, m., bank; bench.

bandera, f., banner.

bañar, to bathe; —se, to take a bath.

baño, m., bath.

baraja, f., pack of cards.

barato, -a, cheap.

barba, f., chin; beard.

bárbaro, -a, outlandish, exaggerated.

bárbaro, m., barbarian; ill-mannered fellow.

barbero, m., barber.

barbón, bearded or whiskered fellow.

barco, m., boat.

barón, m., baron.

barrio, m., neighborhood.

barro, m., clay.

bastante, enough, sufficient; quite.

bastar, to suffice, be enough.

bata, f., bath robe.

batalla, f., battle.

Bautista, m., Baptist.

bayoneta, f., bayonet.

bazar, m., bazaar, store.

beber, to drink.

bebida, f., beverage.

bellísimo, -a, superl. of bello.

bello, -a, beautiful.

bendito, -a, blessed.

benigno, -a, kind.

bestia, f., wild animal, beast,

biblioteca, f., library.

bicicleta, f., bicycle.

bien, well; no ——, scarcely, no sooner.

biftec, m., beefsteak.

billete, m., banknote, bill; —— de banco, banknote.

biología, f., biology.

bisiesto: año ——, leap year.

blanco, -a, white.

blando, -a, soft, tender.

bobo, m., fool.

boca, f., mouth.

boda, f., wedding, marriage.

bolero, m., a characteristic Spanish dance.

Bolivia, f., Bolivia.

bolsa, f., pocket, purse.

bolsilla, f., pocket; pocket-book.

bolsillo, m., pocket.

bondad, f., goodness, kindness.

bonito, -a, pretty.

bórax, m., borax.

borrado, -a, erased, obliterated.

bosque, m., forest.

botar, to rebound.

botella, f., bottle.

botón, m., button.

Brasil (el), Brazil.

¡bravo! bravo!

brazo, m., arm.

bribón, m., rascal, scoundrel.

bridón, m., steed.

brillante, bright, brilliant.

brindis, m., toast.

broma, f., joke; no es para ——s, it is no joke.

bronce, m., bronze.

bruto, m., brute; —— de mí, fool that I am.

buen, see bueno.

bueno, -a, good; estar ——, to be well.

Buenos Aires, capital of the Argentine Republic.

bulla, f., noise.

buque, m., vessel, ship; —— de guerra, warship.

burla, f., jest, mockery.

burlar, to mock, jest, ridicule.

burro, m., ass, donkey.

busca, f., search.

buscar, to seek, look for, find.

busque, pres. subj. of buscar.

butaca, f., orchestra chair.

cabalgata, f., ride.

caballero, m., gentleman; knight.

caballo, m., horse.

cabaña, f., hut.

cabello, m., hair.

cabeza, f., head; dolor de ——, headache.

cabo, m., end; cape; al ——, finally, at last; al —— de, at the end of; llevar a ——, to carry out.

cabra, f., goat.

cacao, m., cocoa.

cacarear, to cackle.

cada, each, every.

cadáver, m., dead body.

cadí, m., cadi, judge.

caer, (pres. caigo), to fall; —— en algo, to notice something; —— en gracia, to meet with favor.

café, m., coffee.

cafeto, m., coffee tree.

caído, p. p. of caer.

Cairo (el), capital of Egypt.

caja, f., box.

cajita, f., little box.

calado, m., fretwork; open embroidery.

calado, p. p. of calar, to put on.

Calatrava, a ruined town of Spain; orden de ——, a religious and military order founded in the 12th century.

calaverada, f., silly action; trick.

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, a famous Spanish dramatic poet.

calidad, f., quality.

cálido, -a, warm.

caliente, warm; andar ——, to be comfortable.

califa, m., caliph.

calificar, to regard; ——se de, to be regarded as.

calma, f., calmness.

calor, m., heat; hace ——, it is warm.

calzado, m., shoes.

¡calla! hold on! well, well! hush!

callar, to be silent; suppress, pass over in silence; —— el pico, to hold one's tongue.

calle, f., street.

cama, f., bed; meterse en ——, to take to one's bed.

cámara, f., room, chamber; ayuda de ——, valet.

camarada, m., comrade.

cambiar, to change, exchange.

camello, m., camel.

caminar, to travel.

camino, m., way, road, journey; —— de hierro, railroad.

campana, f., bell.

campanario, m., bell tower.

campanilla, f., bell.

campaña, f., campaign.

campesino, m., countryman, farmer.

campo, m., field, country; al ——, in the country.

canal, m., canal.

¡canario! zounds! confound it!

¡canastos! zounds! hang it!

canción, f., song.

candoroso, -a, frank, open.

cansado, -a, tired.

cantar, to sing; bleat; es otro ——, that is a horse of another color.

cántaro, m., pitcher; llover a ——s, to rain pitchforks.

cantidad, f., quantity.

caña, f., cane.

cañón, m., cannon; organ pipe.

caoba, f., mahogany.

capital, f., capital (city).

capital, m., capital (funds).

capitán, m., captain.

capitolio, m., capitol.

cara, f., face.

¡caracoles! zounds! great Scot!

característico, -a, characteristic.

¡caramba! hang it!

caramelo, m., caramel; brown sugar.

carbón, m., coal.

carcajada, f., loud laughter; soltar la ——, to burst into laughter.

cárcel, f., prison.

carga, f., charge.

cargar, to load; annoy, bother.

cargo, m., charge; hacerse —— de, to undertake.

caridad, f., charity.

cariño, m., affection, love.

cariñoso,-a, tender, affectionate.

caritativo,-a, charitable.

Carlos, m., Charles; —— V, Charles V, King of Spain, 1500-58.

carne, f., meat; flesh.

carnero, m., sheep.

carnicero, m., butcher.

carta, f., letter.

casa, f., house; en ——, at home; —— de baños, bathing establishment.

casar, to marry; —se (con), to marry, get married (to).

casi, almost.

casino, m., casino.

caso, m., case, event; hacer —— de, to take notice of.

¡cáspita! hang it! confound it!

casta, f., kind, race, species.

castaño,-a, brown.

casualidad, f., accident, chance; por —— , accidentally, by chance.

catedral, f., cathedral.

categoría, f., category.

católico,-a, catholic.

catorce, fourteen.

causa, f., cause, reason; a —— de, on account of.

causar, to cause; give.

cavar, to dig.

cavilación, f., deep meditation.

cavilar, to meditate, think.

cayó, past abs. of caer.

caza, f., hunt.

cazador, m., hunter.

cedro, m., cedar.

celebrar, to celebrate.

célebre, famous, illustrious.

celeste, heavenly.

cena, f., supper.

cenar, to sup, have for supper.

censor, m., critic.

censurar, to censure, find fault.

centavo, m., cent.

centellante, sparkling, flashing.

centésimo,-a, one-hundredth.

céntimo, m., a quarter of a cent.

central, central.

centro, m., center.

ceñir, (i), to wind around; crown.

cepillo, m., eraser.

cequí, m., sequin, a gold coin formerly used in Italy, Turkey, and Spain.

cera, f., wax.

cerca, near, about; —— de, near to.

cercano,-a, near, neighboring.

cerdo, m., pig.

cereales, m. pl., cereals.

ceremonia f., ceremony.

cero, m., zero.

cerrado,-a, closed.

cerrar, (ie), to close.

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, a great Spanish writer.

cesar, to cease, stop.

ciego,-a, blind.

cielo, m., heaven; sky.

cien, one hundred.

ciencia, f., science.

ciento, one hundred.

cierra, pres. of cerrar.

ciertamente, certainly, surely.

cierto,-a, certain, sure; por ——, for certain; certainly, surely.

cierto, indef. pron., a certain; some.

cigarro, m., cigar.

cinco, five.

cincuenta, fifty.

cinema, see cinematógrafo.

cinematógrafo, m., cinematograph.

ciña, pres. subj. of ceñir.

ciprés, m., cypress.

circunstancia, f., circumstance; quality.

ciruela, f., plum.

citar, to cite, quote.

ciudad, f., city.

ciudadano, m., citizen.

civil, civil.

clamar, to exclaim; shout, roar.

claramente, clearly, evidently.

claro,-a, clear, evident; light.

clase, f., class.

clavo, m., nail.

cliente, m., customer.

clima, m., climate.

cobarde, m., coward.

cobijar, to cover; protect.

cobre, m., copper.

cobrizo,-a, copper-colored.

cocina, f., kitchen.

cocinero, m., cook.

coco, m., coconut.

coche, m., coach, carriage.

cochero, m., coachman.

codicia, f., avarice.

codo, m., elbow.

cofradía, f., brotherhood.

coger, to take, seize.

cola, f., tail.

colarse, (ue), to slip.

cólera, f., anger.

cólera, m., cholera.

coléricamente, angrily.

colérico,-a, angry.

colgante, hanging, suspended.

colmena, f., beehive.

colocar, to place, put.

Colombia, f., Colombia.

colono, m., colonist.

color, m., color.

colosal, colossal, enormous.

comedia, f., comedy.

comenzar, to commence, begin.

comer, to eat.

comercial, commercial.

comerciante, m., merchant.

comercio, m., commerce.

cometer, to commit.

cómico,-a, comic.

comida, f., meal; dinner.

comisión, f., commission.

como, adv., as, how, like, as if.

¿cómo? how?

compañero, m., companion.

compañía, f., company; —— por acciones, stock company.

competidor, m., rival.

complacer, (pres. complazco), to please.

completamente, completely.

completar, to complete.

completo,-a, complete; por ——, completely.

componer, (see poner), to compose, prepare, arrange; —se, to consist.

composición, f., composition; preparation; dish.

compositor, m., composer.

compota, f., stew.

compra, f., purchase.

comprador, m., buyer.

comprar, to buy.

comprender, to understand.

compuesto,-a, arranged; p. p. of componer.

compuso, past abs. of componer.

común, ordinary, common; standard.

comunicación, f., communication; poner en ——, to connect.

con, with, by.

conceder, to concede, grant.

concepto, m., concept, idea.

concesión, f., concession.

concierto, m., concert.

concluir, (pres. concluyo), to conclude, finish.

concurrir (en), to agree.

conde, m., count.

condena, f., sentence.

condenar, to condemn, sentence.

condesa, f., countess.

condición, f., condition, state; kind.

condimento, m., condiment, spice.

cóndor, m., condor.

conducir, (pres. conduzco, past abs.

conduje), to conduct, lead.

conducta, f., behavior.

conducto, m., pipe.

confiar, (pres. confío), to confide, trust; vest in.

congreso, m., congress.

conmemorativo,-a, commemorative.

conmovido,-a, moved, touched.

conocer, (pres. conozco), to know, recognize.

conocido, m., acquaintance.

conseguir, (i), to succeed.

conserva, f., preserve; en ——, preserved.

conservar, to preserve, keep.

considerable, considerable.

considerablemente, considerably.

considerar, to consider, regard, think.

consigo, with him (self).

consiguiente: por ——, consequently.

consistir, to consist, be composed of.

consolar, (ue), to console.

constantemente, constantly.

constitución, f., constitution.

construcción, f., construction, building.

construir, (pres. construyo), to construct, build.

construyó, past abs. of construir.

consuela, pres. of consolar.

Consuelo, f., Consuelo (proper name).

contar, (ue), to count; tell, relate.

contentar, to satisfy.

contento,-a, content, satisfied, happy.

contento, m., pleasure, satisfaction.

contestación, f., answer.

contestar, to answer, reply.

continente, m., continent.

continuar, (pres. continúo), to continue.

continuo,-a, continuous.

contorno, m., district.

contra, against.

convencer, to convince.

convencido, p. p. of convencer.

conveniencia, f., convenience.

convenir, (ie), to suit; (see venir).

conversación, f., conversation.

conversar, to converse.

convertirse, (ie), to change.

conviene, pres. of convenir.

copia, f., copy.

copiar, to copy.

copo, m., bunch of flax.

Corán, m., the Koran.

corazón, m., heart.

cordero, m., lamb.

cordial, cordial.

cordón, m., string; belt, cord.

coro, m., chorus; choir.

corona, f., crown.

coronel, m., colonel.

corpulento,-a, corpulent, fat.

correcto,-a, correct.

correr, to run.

corresponder, to fall to the share of.

corrida, f., bullfight.

cortar, to cut; cut down,

corte, f., court.

corte, m., edge (of a knife).

cortés, courteous, polite.

cortesano, m., courtier.

cortesía, f., courtesy.

corto,-a, short.

Coruña (la), a province and city of northwestern Spain.

cosa, f., thing; matter; —— rara, wonder.

cosecha, f., harvest.

cosechar, to reap, harvest,

costa, f., coast.

costar, (ue), to cost.

costo, m., cost.

costumbre, f., custom, habit; pl., manners.

cráneo, m., cranium, skull.

crecer, (pres. crezco), grow.

crecido,-a, increased.

creer, (pres. part. creyendo), to believe; think.

cresta, f., crest.

creyendo, pres. part. of creer.

creyente, m., believer, faithful.

creyera, past subj., first form, of creer.

creyó, past abs. of creer.

cría, f., raising; brood.

criada, f., servant, maid.

criadero, m., breeding place.

criado, m., servant.

criar, to beget; raise, bring up.

cristal, m., crystal, cut glass.

cristalería, f., glass, glassware.

cristiano,-a, Christian.

cuaderno, m., copy book.

cuadrado,-a, square.

cuadro, m., picture; painting.

cual, which; el ——, who, which; lo ——, what; cada ——, each one.

¿cuál? what? which?

cualquier, any, whatsoever.

cualquiera, whoever.

cuando, when.

¿cuándo? when?

cuanto,-a, as much as; all that; —— más..., tanto más, the..., the; en —— a, concerning, regarding; en ——, as soon as.

¿cuánto,-a? how much? how many?

cuarenta, forty.

cuarto,-a, fourth, quarter.

cuarto, m., room.

cuatro, four.

cubierta, f., covering.

cubrir, (p. p. cubierto), to cover.

cuchillo, m., knife.

cuelo, pres. of colar(se).

cuello, m., neck.

cuenta, f., bill.

cuento, pres. of contar.

cuento, m., story, tale.

cuerdo,-a, wise.

cuerno, m., horn (of an animal).

cuero, m., leather, pelt.

cuerpo, m., body.

cuesta, f., hillside, slope; —— arriba, uphill. —— abajo, downhill.

cuestan, pres.of costar.

cuestión, f., question.

cuidado, m., care; tener ——, to be careful; ¡no tengas ——!, don't worry!

cuidar, to be careful; tend.

culpar, to blame.

cultivar, to cultivate.

cultivo, m., cultivation.

cumplir, to fulfill, accomplish; serve out.

cúpula, f., dome.

cura, m., priest.

curar, to heal.

curiosidad, f., curiosity.

curso, m., course.

curvo,-a, curved.

cutis, m., skin.

cuyo,-a, whose, of which.

chanza, f., joke; entender de—s, to be trifled with.

charco, m., pool, pond.

chasco, m., trick.

chato,-a, flat.

Chiapas, a province of Mexico.

chico,-a, small.

Chile, m., Chile.

chillar, to screech, scream.

China, f., China.

chiquillo, m., little boy.

chiquitína, f., little girl.

chispa, f., spark.

¡chispas! thunder and lightning! sounds!

chocar, to strike, hit.

chocolate, m., chocolate.

chupona, f., leech.

dama, f., lady.

danzar, to dance.

daño, m., damage, injury.

dar, (pres. doy, past abs. di), to give; —— parte, to inform; —— un chasco, to play a trick; —— una media vuelta, to turn around; —— un paso, to take a step; —- un salto, to jump; no te dé el sol, let the sun not find you.

Darién, isthmus and gulf in Colombia.

David, m., David.

de, of, from, in, with, by; after a comparative, than.

dé, pres. subj. of dar.

debajo (de), below, under.

deber, must; ought; to owe; ——se, to be due.

deber, m., duty.

débil, weak.

debilitando, pres. part, of debilitar.

debilitar, to become weak.

decidir, to decide.

decir, (digo, diré, dije, dicho), to say, tell, mention; querer ——, to mean; diciendo y haciendo, suiting the action to the word.

declarar, to declare.

declive, m., slant; en ——, slanting.

dedicarse, to devote one's self, devote.

dedo, m., finger; toe.

degollar, (ue), to behead.

deguello, pres. of degollar.

dejar, to let; leave, fail, forsake; no dejaba de tener, could not help having.

del = de el.

delante (de), before, in front of.

delegación, f., delegation.

deleitado,-a, delighted.

deleitarse, to delight.

deleite, m., to delight, pleasure.

deletrear, to spell.

delgado,-a, thin, lean.

delicado,-a, delicate.

demandar, to demand; ask.

demasiado,-a, excessive.

demasiado, adv., too much, too, excessively.

demonio, m., devil.

demostrar, (ue), to show; prove.

denso,-a, dense, thick; heavy.

dentro, within; inside.

derecho,-a, straight; right.

derecho, m., right.

derribar, to break down.

desaliento, m., discouragement, disappointment.

desaparecer, (pres. desaparezco), to disappear; be gone (dead).

desaparezca, pres. subj. of desaparecer.

desarrollar, to develop.

desatar, to untie.

desatento, -a, inattentive.

desazón, f., annoyance.

descansar, to rest.

descender, (ie), to descend.

descendida, f., descent, fall.

descendiendo, pres. part. of descender.

descendiente, m., descendant.

desciende, pres. of descender.

descontento,-a, dissatisfied.

descontinuar, to discontinue, stop.

describir, (p. p. descrito), to describe.

descripción, f., description.

descubierto, p. p. of descubrir.

descubrimiento, m., discovery.

descubrir, (p. p. descubierto), to discover, make out, discern, reveal.

descuida, imper. of descuidar, don't worry.

desde, since; from.

desdeñosamente, disdainfully.

desdicha, f., misfortune.

desear, to desire, wish.

desechar, to cast off, cast aside.

deseo, m., desire, wish.

desesperación, f., despair.

desesperado,-a, desperate; despairing.

desgraciadamente, unfortunately.

deshelar, (ie), to thaw.

deshiela, pres. of deshelar.

desierto,-a, deserted, uninhabited.

desigualdad, f., inequality.

deslizarse, to slip.

desmayado,-a, in a faint, dismayed.

desmayar, to faint.

desmejorar, to decline, deteriorate.

desnudo,-a, bare, naked.

desobediente, disobedient.

despacio, slowly.

despedirse, (i), to take leave.

despertar, (ie), to awaken, wake up.

despidió, past abs. of despedir (se).

despique, m., spite: revenge.

despropósito, m., absurdity.

después, afterwards, later; —— de, after.

destilación, f., distillation; distilling.

destino, m., fate, destiny.

destrozar, to destroy.

destrozo, m., destruction, damage.

destruir, (pres. destruyo), to destroy.

desvanecer, (pres. desvanezco), to dissipate, cause to disappear.

desvelo, m., watching.

desvestir, (pres. desvisto), to undress.

detener, (ie; see tener), to detain, hold back; —se, to stop.

determinar, to determine.

detrás (de), behind.

detuvo, past abs. of detener.

devolver, (ue; p. p. devuelto), to give back, return.

devorar, to devour.

dí, imper. of decir.

día, m., day; ¡buenos —s! good day!

diablo, m., devil.

¡diantre! the deuce!

diariamente, daily.

diario,-a, daily.

diario, m., daily newspaper.

dice, pres. of decir,

diciembre, m., December.

diciendo, pres. part, of decir,

dictar, to dictate.

dicho, p. p. of decir,

dicho, m., saying.

dichoso,-a, happy.

diente, m., tooth.

diera, past subj., first form, of dar.

dieron, past abs. of dar.

diestro,-a, skilled, skillful.

diez, ten.

diferencia, f., difference.

diferenciarse, to consider one's self different.

diferente, different.

difícil, difficult.

dificultad, f., difficulty.

difunto,-a, departed.

diga, pres. subj. of decir.

digo, pres. indic. of decir.

dijo, past abs. of decir.

diligencia, f., diligence.

diligente, diligent.

diligentemente, diligently.

dinamita, f., dynamite.

dinero, m., money.

dió, past abs. of dar.

Dios, m., God.

diosa, f., goddess.

diputado, m., deputy.

diré, fut. of decir.

dirección, f., direction, management.

directamente, directly.

dirigir, to direct, conduct; —se, to address one's self to, turn toward.

discípula, f., pupil.

discípulo, m., pupil.

disco, m., disk.

discontento,-a, dissatisfied.

disculpar, to palliate, excuse.

discurrir, to discuss, converse; think out.

discusión, f., discussion.

disgusto, m., annoyance, trouble, vexation.

disimular, to dissemble, disguise; hide.

disparate, m., nonsense.

dispensar, to excuse, pardon; spare, get along without.

disponer, (see poner), to dispose.

distancia, f., distance.

distinguido,-a, distinguished.

distinguir, to distinguish; —se, to distinguish one's self, be famous.

distintamente, distinctly, plainly.

distraer, (see traer), to distract.

distribución, f., distribution.

distrito, m., district.

diversión, f., diversion, amusement.

diversos,-as, several.

dividir, to divide.

divisar, to see, behold.

doble, double; double bill.

doce, twelve.

dólar, m., dollar.

dolor, m., pain; —— de cabeza, headache.

Dolores, f., Dolores.

dominar, to dominate.

domingo, m., Sunday.

dominio, m., domination, rule.

donde, where.

¿dónde? where? ¿por ——? by what way or road?

dondequiera, wheresoever.

dormir, (ue), to sleep.

dos, two; a las ——, at two o'clock.

doscientos, two hundred.

doy, pres. of dar.

dragón, m., dragon.

drama, m., drama,

ducado, m. ducat (a gold coin worth $2.28).

duda, f., doubt.

dudar, to doubt.

dudilla, f., slight doubt.

dueño, m., master, owner.

duermen, pres. of dormir.

dulce, sweet.

durante, during.

durar, to last.

duro,-a, hard, irksome.

duro, m., dollar (5 pesetas).

e = y, and (before i or hi).

ebanistería, f., cabinet work.

ébano, m., ebony.

economía, f., economy, saving.

echar, to throw; cast (of nets); —— la casa por la ventana, to turn the house out of windows.

edad, f., age; mayor de ——, of age.

edificio, m., building.

educación, f., education.

efe, f., the letter F.

efecto, m., effect, result; en ——, in fact.

Egipto, m., Egypt.

ejecutar, to execute, carry out.

ejecutivo,-a, executive.

ejercer, to exercise.

el, the, the one, that; —— que, he who.

él, he, it; him (after a prep).

elástico,-a, elastic; goma elástica, rubber.

elector, m., elector.

eléctrico,-a, electric.

elegir, (i), to elect, choose.

elevado,-a, high, elevated.

elevarse, to rise.

elogiar, to praise.

elogio, m., eulogy, praise.

Elvira, f., Elvira.

ella, she, it; her (after a prep.).

ellos,-as, they; them (after a prep).

embargo, sin ——, nevertheless.

embestir, (i), to attack.

embriagado,-a, drunk, intoxicated.

embustero, m., swindler.

eminentemente, chiefly.

empalar, to impale.

empeñar, to pawn; —se, to insist upon; be obstinate.

empeorar, to become worse.

emperador, m., emperor.

empero, however.

empezar, (ie), to begin, commence.

empiece, pres. subj. of empezar.

empieza, pres. of empezar.

emplear, to employ; require.

emprender, to undertake.

empresa, f., undertaking.

en, in, on, at, for, into.

encalabrinarse, to become infatuated with.

encantado,-a, delighted.

encantador,-ra, charming, bewitching.

encargar, to charge, command.

encerrar, (ie), to lock up, lock in.

encontrar, (ue), to meet, find;—se, to be, be found.

encrucijada, f., crossroads.

encuentra, pres. of encontrar.

endiablado,-a, devilish, accursed.

enemigo,-a, hostile.

enemigo, m., enemy.

enero, m., January.

enfadarse, to become angry.

énfasis, f., emphasis.

enfermo,-a, sick, ill.

engañar, to deceive, swindle; ——se, to be mistaken.

engreír, to make conceited, make proud.

enigma, m., puzzle, riddle.

enjambre, m., swarm.

enojar, to annoy; displease.

enorme, enormous, grievous.

Enrique, m., Henry.

ensangrentar, (ie), to stain with blood.

ensayar, to try, attempt.

ensayo, m., trial, attempt.

enseñar, to teach; show.

entender, (ie), to understand.

entendimiento, m., understanding, sense.

enteramente, entirely.

enterar, to inform.

enternecido, -a, moved, deeply affected.

entero,-a, entire, whole.

enterrar, (ie), to inter, bury.

entiende, pres. of entender.

entierro, m., burial; see sardina.

entonar, to intone, sound.

entonces, then, thereupon.

entrada, f., entrance, admission; coming.

entrar, to enter.

entre, between, among.

entreabierto,-a, half-open.

entregar, to hand, give.

enviar, (i), to send.

epitafio, m., epitaph.

epiteto, m., epithet.

época, f., epoch, period, time.

equivaldrá, fut. of equivaler.

equivaler, (see valer), to equal.

era, past descr. of ser.

era, f., era.

eres, pres. indic. of ser.

errar, (pres. of yerro), to err, be mistaken.

error, m., error, mistake.

erudito,-a, learned.

es, pres. 3 sing. of ser.

escabeche, m., pickle, brine.

escaldar, to burn; scald.

escalera, f., stairs.

escalfar, to poach (eggs).

escandaloso,-a, scandalous; furious.

escapar, to escape.

escarmentar, (ie), to become wise by experience.

escena, f., scene.

esclavo, m., slave.

esclusa, f., lock.

escondido,-a, hidden.

escopetazo, m., gunshot.

escribir, (p. p. escrito), to write.

escrito, p. p. of escribir.

escritor, m., writer.

escritura, f., writing; la Sagrada ——, Holy Writ.

escuchar, to listen, hear.

escudo, m., escutcheon.

escuela, f., school.

escupir, to spit, spit at.

ese, esa, eso, that; a eso de, about; algo de eso, something like this.

esencia, f., essence.

esfuerzo, m., achievement.

espacio, m., space.

espantado,-a, frightened.

espantar, to frighten.

espanto, m., fright, shock.

España, f., Spain.

español,-la, Spanish; Spaniard.

esparcido,-a, scattered.

especial, special.

especialmente, specially.

espectáculo, m., spectacle; scenic representation.

espejo, m., mirror, looking-glass.

esperanza, f., hope.

esperar, to hope, expect; wait, await, wait for.

espeso,-a, thick, dense.

espina, f., thorn.

espinazo, m., spine,

espirar, to expire, die.

espíritu, m., spirit; courage.

espléndido,-a, magnificent, splendid.

esposa, f., wife.

esposo, m., husband; ——s, husband and wife, couple.

esqueleto, m., skeleton.

está, pres. indic. 3 sing. of estar.

establecer, (pres. establezco), to establish.

establecimiento, m., establishment.

establo, m., stable.

estación, f., season; —— de las aguas, rainy season.

estado, m., state; los Estados Unidos, the United States.

estaño, m., tin.

estar, (pres. estoy, past abs. estuve), to be; —— para, to be on the point of; ——se, to stay out.

este, esta, esto, this.

éste, ésta, this one; the latter.

este, m., east.

estenografía, f., stenography.

estéril, barren.

estimado,-a, esteemed, valued.

esto, (neuter of este): en ——, hereupon.

estómago, m., stomach.

estoy, pres. indic. 1 sing. of estar.

estraño,-a, strange, foreign.

estrecho,-a, narrow.

estrellado,-a, broken; huevos ——s, fried eggs.

estremecerse, (pres. estremezco), to receive a shock, shake, tremble.

estreno, m., first performance.

estuche, m., barber's bag.

estudiante, m., student.

estudiar, to study.

estudio, m., study.

estupendo,-a, tremendous.

estúpidamente, stupidly.

estúpido,-a, stupid.

estuve, past abs. of estar.

etc. = etcétera, and so forth.

eternamente, eternally.

eterno,-a, eternal.

Eulalia, f., Eulalia.

Europa, f., Europe.

europeo,-a, European.

evidente, evident.

evitar, to avoid, prevent.

exactamente, exactly, accurately.

exacto,-a, exact, accurate; conscientious.

examinar, to examine.

excelencia, f., excellence; excellency.

excelente, excellent.

excelentísimo,-a, most excellent.

excitar, to excite.

exclamar, to exclaim.

exclusivo,-a, exclusive.

exequias, f. pl., exequy, funeral ceremony.

exhalar, to exhale.

exigir, to request; demand, exact.

éxito, m., outcome, success.

experiencia, f., experience.

expirar, to expire, die.

explicación, f., explanation.

explicar, to explain.

explique, pres. subj. of explicar.

explotación, f., exploitation.

exponer, (see poner), to lay before.

exportación, f., export.

exportar, to export; ——se, to be exported.

expresión, f., expression.

expusieron, past abs. of exponer.

extender, (ie), to extend, stretch out.

extensión, f., extension, extent.

extenso,-a, extended; wide, extensive.

exterior, exterior, foreign.

exterior, m., exterior, appearance.

externo,-a, external.

extiende, pres. of extender.

extraer, (see traer), to extract.

extranjero,-a, foreign.

extranjero, m., foreigner.

extrañar, to wonder, wonder at.

extrañeza, f., wonder, surprise.

extraño,-a, strange, peculiar.

extraordinario,-a, extraordinary.

extremidad, f., extremity.

extremo,-a, extreme, furthest; en ——, extremely.

extremo, m., end.