A handbook of systematic botany

INDEX.

Abelia, 556.
Abies, 124, 129, 130, 132, 133, 148, 155, 165, 246, 264, 265, 266.
Abietaceæ, 255, 263, 272.
Abrus, 470, 473.
Abutilon, 427.
Acacia, 473, 474, 475.
False, 470.
Acalypha, 434.
Acanthaceæ, 518, 529, 530.
Acanthus, 530.
Acer, 122, 441, 442.
Aceraceæ, 441.
Aceranthus, 390.
Acetabularia, 12, 63.
Achillea, 568, 572, 574.
Achimenes, 528.
Achlya, 107, 108.
Achnantheæ, 21.
Achras, 511.
Acinetæ, 68, 72.
Aconitum, 379, 383.
Acorin, 306.
Acorus, 303, 304, 306.
Acrasieæ, 6.
Acrocarpi, 196.
Acrocomia, 301.
Acrogynæ, 192.
Acrospermaceæ, 132.
Acrostichum, 213.
Acrotonous, 331.
Acrotylaceæ, 83.
Acrotylus, 83.
Actæa, 379, 380, 382.
Actinidia, 415.
Adansonia, 427.
Adder’s tongue, 211.
Adenanthera, 475.
Adiantum, 201, 206, 213.
Adinida, 17.
Adlumia, 395.
Adonis, 379, 383.
Adoxa, 453, 555.
Aerobic, 31.
Æchmea, 319, 320.
Æcidiospores, 147.
Æcidium, 147, 148, 150, 155.
Ægiceras, 513.
Ægilops, 296.
Ægopodium, 494.
Æschynanthus, 528.
Æsculinæ, 439.
Æsculus, 440.
Æthalium, 8.
Æthusa, 495, 498.
Affonsea, 466.
Agapanthus, 312, 314.
Agar-Agar, 33, 84.
Agaricaceæ, 166.
Agaricinei, 171.
Agathis, 263.
Agave, 318.
Agaveæ, 318.
Ageratum, 571.
Aggregatæ, 505, 564.
Agraphis, 312.
Agrimonia, 459, 460.
Agrimonieæ, 459.
Agrimony, 459.
Agropyrum, 113, 295.
Agrostemma, 365, 367.
Agrostideæ, 294.
Agrostis, 294.
Ahnfeltia, 83.
Ailanthus, 439.
Aira, 294.
Aizoaceæ, 374.
Aizoideæ, 374.
Aizoon, 375.
Ajuga, 47, 537.
Ajugeæ, 537.
Akebia, 390.
Akinetes, 10.
Alaria, 71, 72.
Albugo, 107.
Albumen, 246.
Albuminous, 249.
Albumose, 473.
Alchemilla, 460.
Alchornea, 432.
Alcoholic fermentation, 97.
Alder, 8, 118, 341.
Aldrovandia, 408, 409.
Aleurites, 434.
Algæ, 1, 4, 8.
Algal-Fungi, 95, 96.
Alhagi, 472.
Alisma, 281, 282.
Alismaceæ, 278, 281.
Alismeæ, 281.
Alkanet, 534.
Alkanna, 534, 535.
Alliariinæ, 404.
Allieæ, 312.
Allium, 312, 313, 314.
Alloplectus, 528.
Allosorus, 213.
Almeidea, 437.
Almond, 461, 462.
Alnus, 8, 117, 118, 341, 342.
Alocasia. 306.
Aloë, 274, 312, 313, 314.
Aloineæ, 312.
Alonsoa, 525.
Alopecurus, 290, 294, 296.
Alpine Violet, 513.
Alpinia, 326.
Alsine, 364, 366.
Alsineæ, 365.
Alsodeia, 411.
Alsophila, 214, 215.
Alstrœmeria, 318.
Alstrœmerieæ, 318.
Alternanthera, 369.
Althæa, 426, 428, 429, 430.
Althenia, 279.
Alyssinæ, 404.
Alyssum, 400.
Amanita, 167, 171.
Amarantaceæ, 364, 368.
Amarant-tree, 468.
Amarantus, 368, 369.
Amarylleæ, 317.
Amaryllidaceæ, 310, 316.
Amaryllis, 317, 318.
Amber, 267.
Ambrosia, 573.
Ambrosieæ, 564, 567, 573.
Ambrosinia, 305.
Amelanchier, 464, 465.
Amentaceæ, 337.
Amherstia, 468.
Ammannia, 483.
Ammi, 494.
Ammieæ, 494.
Ammobium, 573.
Ammoniac-gum, 498.
Ammophila, 295.
Amomis, 488.
Amorpha, 470.
Ampelidaceæ, 445.
Ampelopsis, 445, 447.
Amphidinium, 16.
Amphigastria, 181, 188.
Amphipleureæ, 21.
Amphisphæriaceæ, 130.
Amphithecium, 186.
Amphitropideæ, 21.
Amphoreæ, 21.
Amsonia, 544.
Amygdalaceæ, 461, 466.
Amygdalin, 462.
Amygdalus, 461, 462.
Amyris, 438.
Anabæna, 25, 219.
Anacampseros, 373.
Anacamptis, 332.
Anacamptodon, 197.
Anacardiaceæ, 439.
Anacardium, 439.
Anacrogynæ, 192.
Anacyclus, 572, 574.
Anadyomene, 62.
Anaerobic, 31.
Anagallis, 513.
Anamirta, 390.
Ananassa, 319, 320.
Anastatica, 401.
Anathyllis, 471.
Anatropous, 242, 243.
Anchusa, 150, 531, 532, 534, 535.
Ancylistaceæ, 104.
Ancylonema, 44.
Andira, 472, 473.
Andreæa, 185, 187, 188, 195.
Andrœcium, 239.
Androgenesis, 14.
Andromeda, 161, 508.
Andromedeæ, 508.
Andropogon, 289, 293, 296.
Andropogoneæ, 293, 296.
Androsace, 512, 513.
Androspore, 57.
Aneimia, 215.
Anelatereæ, 192.
Anemone, 379, 384.
Anemoneæ, 384.
Anemonopsis, 379.
Anethum, 496, 498.
Aneura, 191, 192.
Angelica, 496, 498.
Angiopteris, 212.
Angiospermæ, 3, 234, 239, 250, 273.
Angiosperms, 237, 245, 248.
Angiosporeæ, 82.
Angosturæ, Cortex, 437.
Anguliferæ, 21.
Anise, 498.
Anlage, 90.
Annatto, 412.
Annularia, 225.
Annulariæ, 225.
Annulus, 195, 209.
inferus, 167.
superus, 168.
Anoda, 428, 429.
Anodic, 480.
Anomodon, 197.
Anona, 388.
Anonaceæ, 388.
Antennaria, 124, 573.
Anthemideæ, 572.
Anthemis, 569, 572, 574.
Anther, 237, 238.
Fibrous layer of, 241.
Structure of, 239.
Anthericeæ, 312.
Anthericum, 312, 313.
Antheridium, 13, 100, 198.
Antherozoid, 13.
Anthocarp, 374.
Anthoceros, 25, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191.
Anthoceroteæ, 191.
Antholyza, 321.
Anthostema, 432, 433.
Anthoxanthum, 295, 296.
Anthrax bacillus, 31, 39, 40.
Anthriscus, 493, 495, 498.
Anthurium, 304.
Anthyllis, 471.
Antiaris, 356.
Antipodal cells, 248.
Antirrhineæ, 523.
Antirrhinum, 524, 527.
Antisepsis, 32.
Apeiba, 424, 425.
Apetalæ, 336, 337.
Aphanizomenon, 25.
Aphanocapsa, 24.
Aphanochæte, 54.
Aphthæ, 180.
Aphyllanthes, 312.
Apiocystis, 51.
Apios, 471.
Apiosporium, 124.
Apium, 494, 498.
Aplanogametangium, 12.
Aplanogametes, 12.
Aplanospores, 10.
Apocynaceæ, 542, 543, 549.
Apocynum, 514.
Apogamy, 203.
Aponogeton, 281.
Aponogetonaceæ, 281.
Apospory, 188.
Apostasia, 329.
Apostasieæ, 328, 329.
Apothecium, 118, 132.
Apple, 127, 130, 464, 465.
Apricot, 121, 461, 462.
Aquifoliaceæ, 444.
Aquilegia, 378, 379, 381, 382.
Arabis, 402.
Araceæ, 276, 278, 303.
Arachis, 469, 472, 473.
Aralia, 491.
Araliaceæ, 454, 491, 549.
Araucaria, 237, 263.
Araucariaceæ, 257, 263, 272.
Arbor vitæ, 267.
Arbuteæ, 508.
Arbutus, 508.
Archangelica, 496, 498.
Archegoniata, 3, 185.
Archegonium, 3, 184, 198.
Development of, 201.
Archesporium, 186, 202.
Archicarp, 120.
Archidium, 193, 195.
Arctostaphylos, 161, 508.
Arcyria, 7, 8.
Ardisia, 513.
Areca, 301, 302.
Areca-palm, 302.
Arecineæ, 301.
Arenaria, 366.
Arenga, 301.
Argemone, 395.
Aria, 152.
Aril, 255, 258.
Arineæ, 305.
Arisarum, 305.
Aristida, 295.
Aristolochia, 499, 500.
Aristolochiaceæ, 499.
Aristolochiales, 499.
Aristotelia, 425.
Armeniaca, 461.
Armeria, 514.
Armillaria, 117, 169, 170.
Arnebia, 533.
Arnica, 572, 574.
Arnoseris, 571.
Aronia, 464.
Arrack, 296, 301.
Arrow-head, 282.
Arrow-poison, 544, 546.
Arrowroot, 327, 434.
Artabotrys, 388.
Artemisia, 569, 572, 573, 574.
Arthonia, 134.
Arthoniaceæ, 134.
Arthrosporous, 29.
Arthrotaxis, 267.
Artichoke, 570, 574.
Jerusalem, 572, 574.
Artocarpeæ, 354.
Artocarpus, 356.
Arum, 303, 304, 305, 306.
Arundo, 294, 296.
Asafœtida, 498.
Asarum, 499, 500.
Asclepiadaceæ, 238, 542, 544.
Asclepias, 545, 546.
Ascobolaceæ, 135.
Ascobolus, 136.
Ascocarps, 88.
Ascocorticium, 116, 117.
Ascogone, 120.
Ascoidea, 108.
Ascoideaceæ, 108.
Ascolichenes, 95, 116, 136.
Ascomycetes, 95, 114, 116.
Ascophyllum, 73, 75.
Ascospore, 88.
Ascus, 88.
Aseroë, 173.
Asexual reproductive cells, 10.
Ash, 127, 546, 547.
Asimina, 388.
Asparageæ, 314.
Asparagus, 314, 316.
Aspen, 152, 338.
Aspergillus, 122.
Asperifoliæ, 532.
Asperococcus, 70.
Asperugo, 534.
Asperula, 552, 553.
Asphodelus, 312, 313, 314.
Aspidistra, 314.
Aspidium, 203, 204, 207, 213, 214.
Aspidosperma, 344.
Asplenium, 213, 214.
Astelia, 316.
Aster, 569, 571, 573.
Astereæ, 571, 573.
Asteriscus, 574.
Asterocystis, 78.
Asterophylliteæ, 225.
Asterophyllites, 225.
Astragaleæ, 470.
Astragalus, 114, 470, 473.
Astrantia, 493.
Astrocarpus, 407.
Atherurus, 305.
Athyrium, 204, 207, 213.
Atragene, 379, 385.
Atraphaxis, 360.
Atriplex, 371, 372.
Atripliceæ, 371.
Atropa, 519, 521, 522, 523.
Atropine, 522.
Attalea, 297, 301.
Attar of Roses, 460.
Aubrietia, 400.
Aucuba, 491.
Aulacomnium, 197.
Aurantieæ, 437.
Auricula, 156.
Auricularia, 156.
Auriculariaceæ, 145, 155.
Austrian Pine, 267.
Autobasidia, 144.
Autobasidiomycetes, 96, 145, 157.
Autœcious, 148.
Autoxenous, 118.
Auxiliary cells, 81.
Auxospore, 19.
Avena, 294, 296.
Aveneæ, 294.
Avens, 458.
Averrhoa, 416.
Avicennia, 535.
Avignon grain, 448.
Awlwort, 401.
Awn, 288, 290.
Azalea, 508.
Azolla, 25, 219.

“Bablah,” 475.
Bacillus, 26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37.
anthracis, 39.
diphtheriæ, lepræ, mallei, tetani, tuberculosis, typhosus, 40.
Bacteria, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 22, 26.
Bacterium, 26, 28, 30, 35, 39.
Bactris, 301.
Bæomyces, 140, 142.
Balanophora, 504.
Balanophoraceæ, 504.
Ballota, 538.
Balsaminaceæ, 420.
Balsamodendron, 438.
Balsam of Copaiba, 468.
of Peru, 473.
Bamboo, 289, 291, 292, 293.
Bambusa, 289, 291, 293.
Bambuseæ, 293, 296.
Banana, 324, 325.
Baneberry, 382.
Bangia, 77, 78.
Bangioideæ, 77.
Banksia, 450.
Baobab, 427.
Barbacenia, 318.
Barbarea, 402.
Barberries, 389.
Barbula, 196.
Bark-canker, 169.
Barley, 113, 292, 296.
Barosma, 436.
Barringtonia, 489.
Bartonia, 476.
Bartramia, 197.
Bartsia, 526.
Basella, 371.
Baselleæ, 371.
Basidial-layer, 89.
Basidiocarp, 89.
Basidiolichenes, 96, 145, 176.
Basidiomycetes, 96, 114, 144, 145.
Basidiospore, 88.
Basidium, 89, 144, 146.
Basitonous, 331.
Bassia, 511.
Bast, 251, 425, 430.
Bastardia, 428.
Batatas, 516, 517.
Batidaceæ, 372.
Batis, 372.
Batrachium, 383.
Batrachospermum, 80, 83.
Bauhinia, 467.
Bayberry-tree, 490.
“Bay-rum,” 489.
Beaked parsley, 495.
Beak-rush, 286.
Bear-berry, 508.
Beard lichen, 143.
Beech, 127, 134, 164, 165, 526.
Beef-steak fungus, 166.
Beer-yeast, 177, 178.
Beet, 369.
Beet-root, 372.
Beggiatoa, 26, 28, 37.
Begonia, 477, 478.
Begoniaceæ, 475, 477.
Bellis, 569, 572.
Benincasa, 481.
Berberidaceæ, 238, 389.
Berberis, 149, 389, 390.
Bergamot, 438.
Bergia, 413.
Berteroa, 400.
Bertholletia, 489.
Beta, 369, 370, 372.
Betel, 363.
Betonica, 538.
Betony, 538.
Betula, 342.
Betulaceæ, 341.
Biarum, 305.
Biatorella, 134.
Bicornes, 336, 451, 505, 506.
Biddulphieæ, 21.
Bidens, 566, 572.
Biebersteinia, 419.
Bignonia, 529.
Bignoniaceæ, 518, 529.
Bilberry, 509.
Billardiera, 455.
Billbergia, 320.
Bindweed, 515, 516.
Biota, 268.
Birch, 117, 135, 165, 342.
Bird-cherry, 461, 462.
Birdlime, 501, 504.
Bird’s-foot, 472.
Bird’s-foot-trefoil, 471.
Biscutella, 401.
Bitter-cress, 402.
Bitter-sweet, 522.
Bixa, 412.
Bixaceæ, 412.
Blackberry, 461.
Black-boy, 312.
Black-currant, 153, 455.
Black-mustard, 401, 405.
Black-pepper, 363.
Blackthorn, 462.
“Bladder” plums, 117.
Bladder-senna, 470.
Bladder-wort, 528.
Blasia, 25, 191, 192.
Blattiaceæ, 483.
Blechnum, 209, 214, 254.
Bletia, 332.
Blight, 132.
Blindia, 196.
Blinks, 373.
Blitum, 369.
Blood-red Currant, 455.
Blue-green Algæ, 5, 22.
Bocconia, 395.
Boehmeria, 353.
Boerhaavia, 374.
Bog-mosses, 193.
Bog-myrtle, 351.
Bog Wortleberry, 509.
Boisduvalia, 485.
Boletus, 166.
Bomarea, 318.
Bombaceæ, 427.
Bombax, 427.
Bonnemaisonia, 83.
Bonnemaisoniaceæ, 83.
Borage, 533.
Borageæ, 532, 533.
Boraginaceæ, 515, 531, 532, 537.
Borago, 533, 534.
Borassinæ, 301.
Borassus, 301.
Borderea, 323.
Boronieæ, 436.
Borreria, 550.
Boschia, 190.
Bossiæa, 472.
Boswellia, 438.
Bo-tree, 356.
Botrychium, 202, 210, 211.
Botrydiaceæ, 47, 59.
Botrydium, 59.
Botrytis, 128, 134, 135.
Bottle-gourd, 481.
Bouchea, 535.
Bougainvillea, 374.
Boussingaultia, 371.
Bouvardia, 550.
Bovista, 174.
Bowenia, 253, 254.
Bowiea, 312.
Box, 434.
Brachypodium, 294.
Brachythecium, 197.
Bracken-fern, 207, 213.
Bract, 235.
Bracteole, 235, 275, 334.
Bradypus, 8, 54, 356.
Brahea, 300.
Bramble, 458.
Branching of Palm, 298.
Brand-fungi, 95, 108, 109.
Brand-spores, 91.
Brasenia, 386.
Brassica, 399, 400, 401.
Brassicinæ, 404.
Brayera, 460.
Brazil-nuts, 489.
Bread-fruit, 356.
Briza, 290, 294, 296.
Brome, 296.
Bromeliaceæ, 308, 309, 310, 318.
Bromus, 287, 289, 290, 293, 296.
Brookweed, 513.
Broom, 472.
Broom-rape, 528.
Brosimum, 356.
Broussonetia, 354.
Browallia, 521.
Brown Algæ, 1.
Brownea, 468.
Brownian movement, 28.
Brugmansia, 504.
Brunfelsia, 521.
Bryaceæ, 197.
Bryonia, 481.
Bryophyllum, 451, 452.
Bryophyta, 1, 234.
Bryopsidaceæ, 47, 60.
Bryopsis, 60, 62.
Bryum, 197.
Buchu, 436.
Buck-bean, 543.
Buckthorn, 448.
Buckwheat, 361.
Buettneria, 422.
Buettneriaceæ, 422.
Bugle, 537.
Bulbine, 312.
Bulbochæte, 55, 56.
Bulbocodium, 310.
Bulbophyllum, 332.
Bulgaria, 134.
Bulgariaceæ, 134.
Bullace, 461, 462.
Bulliarda, 452.
Bull-rush, 303.
Bumelia, 511.
Bunchosia, 442.
Bunias, 400, 403.
Bupleurum, 491, 494.
Burdock, 570.
Burmanniaceæ, 328.
Bur-marigold, 572.
Bur Parsley, 497.
Bur-reed, 302.
Burseraceæ, 438.
Butcher’s broom, 316.
Butomeæ, 281.
Butomus, 281, 282.
Butterbur, 571.
Butter-tree, 414.
Butter-wort, 528.
Butyric-acid-bacíllus, 38.
Buxaceæ, 434.
Buxbaumia, 197.
Buxbaumiaceæ, 197.
Buxus, 434.

Cabbage, 401.
Cabomba, 386.
Cabombeæ, 386.
Cacalia, 572.
Cactaceæ, 375.
Cacti, 375.
Cactifloræ, 375.
Cæoma, 147, 148, 152.
Cæsalpinia, 468.
Cæsalpiniaceæ, 466, 470.
Caffeine, 441, 553.
Cajanus, 471.
Cajeput-oil, 489.
Cajophora, 476.
Cakile, 403.
Calabar-bean, 471, 473.
Calabash, 529.
Caladium, 306.
Calamagrostis, 289, 294.
Calamintha, 540.
Calamites, 224.
Calamus, 298, 301, 303.
Calamus-oil, 306.
Calandrinia, 373.
Calathea, 327.
Calceolaria, 525, 527.
Calcocytaceæ, 15.
Calendula, 565, 572.
Calenduleæ, 572.
Caliciaceæ, 134.
Calicium, 134.
Calla, 305, 307.
Calleæ, 305.
Calliandra, 475.
Callianthemum, 379.
Callicarpa, 535.
Calligonum, 361.
Calliopsis, 572.
Callistemon, 489.
Callistephus, 573.
Callithamnion, 78, 79, 84.
Callitrichaceæ, 434.
Callitriche, 434.
Callitris, 269.
Calloria, 134.
Calluna, 507.
Calocera, 158, 159.
Calonyction, 516.
Calophyllum, 414.
Calothamnus, 489.
Calothrix, 25.
Caltha, 379, 380, 381, 382.
Calycanthaceæ, 389.
Calycanthus, 389.
Calyceraceæ, 556, 560.
Calypogeia, 192.
Calypso, 332.
Calyptospora, 152.
Calyptra, 186.
Calystegia, 516.
Calyx-stamens, 335.
Camelina, 400, 401.
Camellia, 414, 415.
Campanula, 153, 561, 562.
Campanulaceæ, 561, 563.
Campanulinæ, 505, 560, 564, 569.
Camphor, 392.
Campion, 367.
Campylopus, 196.
Campylospermeæ, 493, 497.
Campylotropous, 242, 243.
Canada-balsam, 266.
Cananga, 388.
Canarina, 562.
Canary-grass, 295.
Canavalia, 471.
Candollea, 413, 564.
Candolleaceæ, 564.
Cane, 298, 301.
“Canker,” 127.
Canna, 326.
Cannabaceæ, 356.
Cannabis, 357, 358.
Cannaceæ, 277, 326, 327.
Canterbury-bell, 561.
Cantharellei, 172.
Cantharellus, 170, 172.
Caoutchouc, 434, 544, 546, 563.
Capers, 405.
Capillitium, 7, 174.
Capirona, 549.
Capnodium, 124.
Capparidaceæ, 405.
Capparis, 405, 406.
Capraria, 525.
Caprification, 355.
Caprificus, 355.
Caprifoliaceæ, 454, 548, 549, 553, 556, 557.
Caprifolium, 554.
Capsella, 400, 401, 402.
Capsellinæ, 404.
Capsicum, 521, 522.
Capsosira, 26.
Capsule, 186.
Caragana, 470.
Caraway, 494, 498.
Cardaminæ, 404.
Cardamine, 400, 402, 404.
Cardamom, 326.
Cardiospermum, 441.
Carduus, 569.
Carex, 113, 151, 247, 286, 287.
Carica, 476.
Cariceæ, 286.
Caries dentium, 38.
Carlina, 570.
Carludovica, 302.
Carmichælia, 470.
Carnation, 367.
Carnaueba-wax, 301.
Carob-bean, 466, 468.
Carpels, 235, 238.
Carpinus, 117, 344.
Carpoasci, 95, 115, 116, 118.
Carpogonium, 77, 81.
Carpophore, 91, 492.
Carpospore, 77, 82.
Carragen, 33, 84.
Carrot, 496, 497, 498.
Carthamus, 570, 574.
Carum, 493, 494, 498.
Carya, 350.
Caryophyllaceæ, 336, 364.
Caryopsis, 288.
Caryota, 301.
Cascara, 448.
Cascarilla, 434, 550.
Cashew-nut, 439.
Cassandra, 508.
Cassava, 434.
Cassia, 467, 468.
Cassine, 444.
Cassiope, 508.
Cassytha, 392.
Castanea, 346.
Castilloa, 356.
Castor-oil, 431, 434.
Casuarinaceæ, 339.
Casuarina, 273, 274.
Casuarinifloræ, 339.
Cataba, 414.
Catabrosa, 294.
Catalpa, 529.
Catananche, 566, 571.
Catasetum, 332, 333.
Catch-fly, 367.
Catechu, 475.
Catha, 444.
Catharinea, 197.
Cathartocarpus, 467, 468.
Catmint, 539.
Catodic, 480.
Cat’s-ear, 571.
Cat’s-foot, 573.
Cat’s-tail, 294.
Cattle-beet, 372.
Cattleya, 332.
Caucalis, 497.
Caudicle, 331, 332.
Caulerpa, 10, 61, 62.
Caulerpaceæ, 47, 61.
Cauliflower, 405.
Cayenne-pepper, 522.
Ceanothus, 448.
Cecropia, 356.
Cedar, 266.
Cedrat, 438.
Cedrela, 436.
Cedrus, 266.
Celandine, 394.
Celastraceæ, 444.
Celastrus, 444.
Celery, 494, 498.
Celidium, 134.
Cell, Vegetative, 228.
Celosia, 368, 369.
Celsia, 525.
Celtideæ, 352.
Cenangiaceæ, 134.
Cenangium, 134.
Cenchrus, 295.
Centaurea, 565, 567, 568, 569, 570, 573.
Centaury, 543.
Centradenia, 484.
“Central cell,” 185.
Centranthus, 557, 558.
Centrolepidaceæ, 308, 309.
Centrolepis, 309.
Centrolobium, 472.
Centropogon, 563.
Centunculus, 512, 513.
Cephaëlis, 550, 553.
Cephalanthera, 328, 331.
Cephalaria, 560.
Cephalotaceæ, 454.
Cephalotaxeæ, 259.
Cephalotus, 453.
Ceramiaceæ, 84.
Ceramium, 78, 80, 84.
Cerastium, 364, 366.
Cerasus, 462.
Ceratiomyxa, 8.
Ceratium, 16, 17.
Ceratocapnos, 396.
Ceratodon, 196.
Ceratonia, 468.
Ceratophyllaceæ, 388.
Ceratophyllum, 388.
Ceratostomaceæ, 130.
Ceratozamia, 238, 253, 254.
Cerbera, 544.
Cercis, 467, 468.
Cereus, 375, 377.
Cerinthe, 533.
Ceropegia, 546.
Ceroxylon, 301.
Cestreæ, 522.
Cestrum, 522.
Ceterach, 214.
Cetraria, 138, 141, 142.
Chænomeles, 465.
Chærophyllum, 495, 498.
Chætangiaceæ, 83.
Chætoceros, 20.
Chætocladiaceæ, 100.
Chætocladium, 100.
Chætomiaceæ, 129.
Chætomium, 129.
Chætomorpha, 58.
Chætopeltis, 54.
Chætophora, 54.
Chætophoraceæ, 47, 54.
Chætopteris, 70.
Chalaza, 242.
Chalazogames, 273.
Chalazogams, 273.
Chamæcyparis, 268, 269.
Chamædorea, 298, 301.
Chamædoris, 62.
Chamælaucieæ, 489.
Chamælaucium, 489.
Chamænerium, 484.
Chamaerops, 298, 300, 301, 302.
Chamæsiphon, 22, 24, 25.
Chamæsiphonaceæ, 24, 25.
Chamomile, 572, 574.
Chantransia, 83.
Chara, 65, 66, 67.
Characeæ, 1, 4, 10, 14, 64.
Characium, 47, 51.
Chareæ, 67.
Charlock, 404.
Cheilanthes, 213.
Cheiranthus, 399, 400, 402.
Cheirostemon, 427.
Chelidonium, 394, 395.
Chelone, 525.
Chenopodiaceæ, 364, 369.
Chenopodieæ, 369.
Chenopodina, 371, 372.
Chenopodium, 369, 372.
Cherry, 117, 156, 461, 462.
Cherry-laurel, 462.
Chervil, 495, 498.
Chervil-root, 498.
Chick-pea, 470.
Chickweed, 366.
Chicory, 570, 574.
Chilies, 522.
Chimaphila, 505.
Chimonanthus, 389.
China-grass, 353.
Chinese galls, 439.
Chiococca, 550.
Chionanthus, 547.
Chionodoxa, 312.
Chive, 312.
Chlamydomonas, 48.
Chlamydomoneæ, 14.
Chlamydomucor, 97, 98.
Chlamydospore, 90.
Chlora, 47, 543.
Chlorangium, 51.
Chloranthaceæ, 363.
Chloranthus, 363.
Chlorideæ, 295.
Chloris, 295.
Chlorochytrium, 47, 51.
Chlorococcum, 51.
Chlorocystis, 51.
Chlorophyceæ, 1, 14, 46.
Chlorophytum, 312.
Chlorosphæra, 51.
Chlorosphæraceæ, 47, 51.
Chlorosplenium, 135.
Chlorotylium, 54.
Choanephora, 100.
Choanephoraceæ, 100.
Chocho, 481.
Choiromyces, 124.
Choisya, 436.
Chondrus, 79, 83, 84.
Chorda, 72.
Chordaria, 71.
Chordariaceæ, 71.
Choripetalæ, 336, 337, 505, 561.
Chorisia, 427.
Choristocarpaceæ, 70.
Choristocarpus, 70.
Chromaceæ, 15.
Chromulina, 15.
Chroococcaceæ, 24.
Chroococcus, 24, 176.
Chrysalis Fungus, 127.
Chrysanthemum, 572.
Chrysarobin, 473.
Chrysobalanaceæ, 462, 466.
Chrysobalanus, 462.
Chrysomonadinaceæ, 15, 17.
Chrysomyxa, 147, 148, 153, 155.
Chrysophyllum, 511.
Chrysopyxaceæ, 15.
Chrysopyxis, 15.
Chrysosplenium, 452, 454.
Chylocladia, 83.
Chysis, 333.
Chytridiales, 95, 102.
Chytridium, 103.
Cibotium, 214, 215.
Cicely, 495.
Cicendia, 543.
Cicer, 470.
Cichorieæ, 561, 568, 570.
Cichorium, 570, 574.
Cicinnobolus, 120.
Cicuta, 494, 498.
Cilioflagellata, 17.
Cimaruoli, 355.
Cimicifuga, 383.
Cinchona, 548, 549, 550, 553.
Cinchoneæ, 550.
Cinchonin, 553.
Cinclidotus, 197.
Cineraria, 572, 574.
Cinnamon, 392.
Cinnamomum, 391, 392.
Cinquefoil, 458.
Cipura, 321.
Circaea, 485, 486.
Circinate, 208.
Cirsium, 151, 568, 569.
Cissampelos, 390.
Cissus, 445, 504.
Cistaceæ, 412.
Cistifloræ, 406, 451.
Cistus, 412, 503.
Citharexylon, 535.
Citriobatus, 455.
Citron, 438.
Citronella oil, 296.
Citrullus, 479, 480, 481.
Citrus, 437, 438.
Cladium, 286.
Cladochytrium, 103.
Cladonia, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143.
Cladophora, 11, 58.
Cladophoraceæ, 47, 58.
Cladosporium, 124.
Cladothrix, 27, 33, 34, 35.
Clamp-connections, 86.
Clarkia, 485.
Clastidium, 25.
Clatbrus, 173.
Clavaria, 159, 161.
Clavariaceæ, 161.
Claviceps, 125, 126, 127.
Clavija, 513.
Claytonia, 373.
Cleavers, 552.
Cleistocarpeæ, 195.
Clematideæ, 385.
Clematis, 378, 379, 380, 385.
Cleome, 406.
Clerodendron, 535.
Clethra, 509.
Climacium, 197.
Clinopodium, 540.
Clintonia, 563.
Clitocybe, 171.
Clitoria, 471.
Clivia, 317, 318.
Closterium, 43, 44.
Clostridium, 31.
Cloudberry, 461.
Clover, 135, 471.
Cloves, 489.
Club-mosses, 2, 205, 226.
Club-rush, 285.
Clusia, 414.
Clusiaceæ, 414.
Cluster-cups, 150.
Clypeosphæriaceæ, 130.
Cnicus, 570, 574.
Cnidium, 495.
Cobæa, 515.
Coca, 442.
Cocaine, 442.
Cocci, 26.
Coccochromaticæ, 21.
Coccoloba, 360.
Cocconeideæ, 21.
Cocconeis, 21.
Cocconema, 20.
Cocculus, 390.
Coccus, 356.
Cochineal, 377.
Cochineal-insect, 377.
Cochlearia, 398, 400.
Cochleariinæ, 404.
Cock’s-comb, 369.
Cock’s-foot, 294, 296.
Cocoa-beans, 423.
Cocoa-butter, 423.
Cocoa-plum, 462.
Cocoa-tree, 422.
Cocoanut, 298, 300, 302.
Cocoanut, Double, 301.
Cocoanut-palm, 301.
Cocoineæ, 300.
Cocos, 298, 301, 302.
Codiaceæ, 61.
Codiolum, 59.
Codium, 62.
Cœlastrum, 52.
Cœlebogyne, 432.
Cœloglossum, 332.
Cœlospermeæ, 493, 497.
Cœlosphærium, 24.
Cœnobia, 47, 51.
Cœnogonium, 142.
Coffea, 550.
Coffeeæ, 550.
Coffee, 555.
Coffee-plant, 550, 553.
Coix, 293.
Cola, 422, 423.
Colchicaceæ, 309, 310.
Colchiceæ, 310.
Colchicin, 311.
Colchicum, 310, 311.
Coleochætaceæ, 47, 57.
Coleochæte, 57, 58.
Coleonema, 436.
Coleorhiza, 293.
Coleosporium, 147, 148, 152, 154.
Coleus, 540, 541.
Collema, 138, 142.
Colletia, 448.
Collinsia, 525.
Collomia, 515.
Collybia, 171.
Colocasia, 303, 305, 306.
Colocynth, 481.
Colts-foot, 571.
Columba-root, 390.
Columbine, 382.
Columella, 187, 189, 193.
Columnea, 528.
Columniferæ, 421.
Colus, 173.
Colutea, 470, 473.
Comarum, 457, 458.
Combretaceæ, 487.
Comfrey, 533.
Comma-bacillus, 40.
Commelina, 308.
Commelinaceæ, 308.
Commersonia, 422.
Commiphora, 438.
Compass-plant, 572.
Compositæ, 556, 560, 561, 563, 564.
Comptonia, 350.
Condurango-bark, 546.
Cone, 235.
Cone-scales, 256.
Conferva, 54.
Confervoideæ, 47, 53.
Conidia, 87, 90.
Liberation and distribution of, 91.
Conidial-layers, 88.
Conidiocarp, 89, 147.
Conidio-fructification, 87.
Conidiophore, 87, 88.
Coniferæ, 3, 237, 238, 252, 255.
Female flower of, 255, 257.
Pollination, 258.
Coniocybe, 134.
Conium, 494, 498.
Conjugatæ, 1, 12, 14, 41, 88.
Conjugation, 11.
Connaraceæ, 435.
Conocarpus, 487.
Conomitrium, 196.
Contortæ, 505, 541, 549.
Convallaria, 314, 316.
Convallariaceæ, 309, 314.
Convallarieæ, 314.
Convolvulaceæ, 5, 515, 522, 532.
Convolvuleæ, 516.
Convolvulus, 114, 516, 517.
Co-operating cells, 248.
Copaifera, 467, 468.
Copal-balsam, 468.
Copernicia, 300, 301.
Copper-beech, 157.
Coprinarius, 171.
Coprinei, 172.
Coprinus, 172.
Coptis, 379, 382.
Cora, 176.
Corallina, 79, 84.
Corallinaceæ, 84.
Coralliorrhiza, 332.
Corallorhiza, 5, 332.
Coral-root, 332.
Corchorus, 424, 425.
Cordaitaceæ, 271.
Cordiaceæ, 47–61, 531, 532.
Cordyceps, 125, 127, 128.
Cordyline, 316.
“Core,” 463.
Coriander, 497, 498.
Coriandrum, 493, 497, 498.
Cork-elm, 352.
Cork-oak, 348.
Cormophyta, 1.
Cormophytes, 234.
Cornaceæ, 490, 549.
Cornel, 490.
Corn-cockle, 367.
Corn-flower, 567.
Corn-poppy, 395.
Cornus, 490, 491.
Corona, 317, 476.
Coronilla, 472, 473.
Correa, 436.
Corrigiola, 365, 367.
Corsinia, 190.
Corsiniaceæ, 190.
Cortex angosturæ, 437.
Corticium, 144, 161.
Cortinarius, 171.
Cortusa, 512.
Corydalis, 334, 395, 396, 397.
Corylaceæ, 341, 343.
Corylus, 122, 343, 344, 348.
Corypha, 298, 300.
Coscinodisceæ, 21.
Coscinodiscus, 20.
Coscinodon, 197.
Cosmanthus, 515.
Cosmarium, 42, 43, 44.
Costus, 326.
Cotoneaster, 463, 465.
“Cotton” 427, 429, 430.
Cotton-grass, 286.
Cotton-thistle, 570.
Cotyledon, 451.
Cotyledons, 247.
Couch, 295.
Coumarin, 296, 473, 553.
Cover-scale, 255, 256.
Cow-bane, 494, 498.
Cowberry, 509.
Cow-parsnip, 496.
Cow-tree, 356.
Cow-wheat, 526.
“Crab’s-eyes,” 470.
Crambe, 400, 403.
Craniolaria, 529.
Crassula, 452.
Crassulaceæ, 451.
Cratægeæ, 465.
Cratægus, 152, 465.
Craterellus, 162, 172.
Craterocolla, 156.
Crenothrix, 30, 37.
Creosote, 438.
Crepis, 571.
Crescentia, 529.
Crinum, 318.
Crocus, 320, 321.
Cronartium, 146, 147, 153, 155, 156.
Crotalaria, 472, 473.
Croton, 431, 434.
Crowberry, 434.
Crown-imperial, 314.
Crozophora, 434.
Crucianella, 552.
Crucibulum, 176.
Cruciferæ, 398.
Crucifers, 398.
Crucigenia, 51.
Cruoria, 84.
Cryptogams, 3, 234.
Vascular, 2, 198.
Cryptoglena, 15.
Cryptogramme, 213.
Cryptomeria, 267.
Cryptonemia, 84.
Cryptonemiales, 82, 84.
Ctenanthe, 327.
Ctenium, 295.
Ctenomyces, 119.
Cubeb, 363.
Cucubalus, 367.
Cucullus, 545.
Cucumber, 481.
Cucumis, 121, 480, 481.
Cucurbita, 478, 479, 480, 481.
Cucurbitaceæ, 475, 478, 561.
Cucurbitariaceæ, 130.
Cud-weed, 573.
Cuminum, 497, 498.
Cunninghamia, 263.
Cunoniaceæ, 454.
Cuphea, 482, 483.
Cupressaceæ, 257, 262, 267, 272.
Cupressus, 241, 245, 268, 269.
Cupule, 343.
Cupuliferæ, 341, 345.
Curare, 546.
Curculigo, 318.
Curcuma, 326.
Curly-mint, 541.
Currants, 447, 454.
Curvembryæ, 363.
Cuscuta, 5, 515, 517.
Cuscuteæ, 516.
“Cushion,” 206.
Cusparia, 437.
Cusparieæ, 437.
Cutleria, 68, 72.
Cutleriaceæ, 11, 72.
Cyanophyceæ, 22.
Cyanophyll, 22.
Cyanotis, 308.
Cyathea, 214, 215.
Cyatheaceæ, 210, 215.
Cyathium, 432.
Cyathus, 176.
Cycadaceæ, 252.
Cycadeæ, 3, 236, 252, 254.
Cycas, 25, 231, 236, 238, 251, 252, 253, 254.
Cyclamen, 334, 512, 513.
Cyclanthaceæ, 302.
Cyclanthera, 481.
Cyclolobeæ, 371.
Cyclosporeæ, 68, 73.
Cydonia, 463, 464.
Cylindrocapsa, 14, 55.
Cylindrocapsaceæ, 47, 54.
Cylindrocystis, 44.
Cylindrospermum, 22, 25.
Cymbella, 20, 21.
Cymbelleæ, 20, 21.
Cymodocea, 281.
Cymopolia, 63.
Cynanchum, 546.
Cynara, 570, 574.
Cynareæ, 569.
Cynips, 355.
Cynodon, 295.
Cynodontium, 196.
Cynoglossum, 533, 535.
Cynomorium, 503, 504.
Cynosurus, 294, 296.
Cypella, 321.
Cyperaceæ, 277, 283, 284, 291.
Cyperus, 286, 287, 290.
Cyphella, 162.
Cyphiaceæ, 562.
Cypress, 267, 268.
Cypripedileæ, 329, 330.
Cypripedilum, 330.
Cypripedium, 330.
Cypsela, 564.
Cyrtandreæ, 528.
Cystocarp, 14, 58, 82.
Cystoclonium, 83.
Cystopteris, 214.
Cystopus, 107.
Cytinus, 503, 504.
Cytisus, 472, 473.

Dacrydium, 255, 260, 261.
Dacryomitra, 158, 159.
Dacryomyces, 134, 158, 159.
Dacryomycetaceæ, 159.
Dacryomycetes, 96, 145, 159.
Dactylis, 287, 294, 296.
Dactylococcus, 51.
Dædalea, 166, 171.
Dahlia, 569, 572.
Daisy, 572.
Dalbergia, 472.
Dalbergieæ, 472.
Dalechampia, 434.
Damasonium, 282.
Dammara, 263.
Danæa, 212.
Dandelion, 571.
Daphne, 449, 450.
Darlingtonia, 409.
Darwinia, 489.
Dasycladaceæ, 63.
Dasycladus, 63.
Dasyscypha, 135.
Date-palm, 298, 299, 301, 302.
Date-plum, 511.
Datisca, 477.
Datiscaceæ, 477.
Datura, 519, 520, 522.
Dauceæ, 496.
Daucus, 134, 492, 496.
Davallia, 214.
Davilla, 413.
Deadly nightshade, 521.
Dead-nettle, 538.
Delesseria, 79, 80, 83.
Delesseriaceæ, 83.
Delphinieæ, 383.
Delphinium, 379, 383.
Dendrobium, 332.
Derbesia, 10, 60.
Derbesiaceæ, 47, 60.
Dermatea, 116, 134.
Dermateaceæ, 134.
Dermateales, 134.
Dermatophyton, 54.
Dermocarpa, 25.
Desmanthus, 475.
Desmarestia, 71.
Desmarestiaceæ, 71.
Desmidiaceæ, 10, 18, 21, 42, 44, 48.
Desmidium, 44.
Desmodium, 466, 472.
Deutzia, 455.
Devil’s-bit, 560.
Dianthus, 364, 367.
Diapensiaceæ, 509.
Diatoma, 19.
Diatomaceæ, 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21.
Diatomeæ, 1, 18.
Diatomin, 18.
Diatoms, 1.
Diatrypaceæ, 130.
Diatrype, 130.
Dicentra, 395, 396, 397.
Dichaenaceæ, 132.
Dichelyma, 197.
Dichondreæ, 516.
Dichorisandra, 308.
Dichospermum, 371.
Dicksonia, 207, 215.
Diclinous, 236.
Dicliptera, 530.
Dicotyledones, 3, 334.
Dicranella, 196.
Dicranum, 196.
Dictamnus, 436.
Dictyochaceæ, 15.
Dictyonema, 176.
Dictyosiphon, 71.
Dictyosiphonaceæ, 71.
Dictyosphærium, 51.
Dictyostelium, 8.
Dictyota, 76.
Dictyotaceæ, 76.
Dictyotales, 1, 14, 76.
Dicypellium, 392.
Didiscus, 493.
Didymium, 8.
Dieffenbachia, 306.
Dielytra, 395.
Diervilla, 554, 556.
Digitalis, 524, 525, 527.
Digraphis, 295, 296.
Dill, 496.
Dillenia, 413.
Dilleniaceæ, 413.
Dimorphanthus, 491.
Dimorphochlamys, 481.
Dinifera, 17.
Dinobryinaceæ, 15.
Dinobryon, 15.
Dinoflagellata, 1, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21.
Dinophysis, 17.
Diodia, 550.
Diœcious, 236.
Dionæa, 408.
Dioon, 254.
Dioscorea, 322, 323.
Dioscoreaceæ, 276, 309, 310, 322.
Diosma, 436.
Diosmeæ, 436.
Diospyrinæ, 505, 510.
Diospyros, 511.
Diphtheria, 40.
Diphyscium, 197.
Diplarrhena, 321.
Diplecolobeæ, 400.
Diplococcus, 39.
Diploderma, 78.
Diplostemonous, 335, 336.
Diplusodon, 483.
Dipsacaceæ, 549, 556, 558, 559, 560, 569.
Dipsacales, 505, 556, 564.
Dipsacus, 559, 560.
Dipterocarpaceæ, 415.
Dipterocarpus, 415.
Dipteryx, 472, 473.
Discelium, 197.
Discolichenes, 142.
Discomycetes, 95, 116, 132.
Discosporangium, 70.
Disease, 32.
Disinfection, 32.
Dispora, 36.
Distichium, 196.
Doassansia, 110.
Docidium, 44.
Dock, 359.
Dodder, 5, 516, 517.
Dodecatheon, 513.
Dog’s-tail, 294, 296.
Dogwood, 499.
Dolichos, 471.
Dondia, 493.
Dorema, 496, 498.
Doronicum, 240, 572.
Dorstenia, 131, 354.
Dothideaceæ, 131.
Double Cocoanut, 301.
Doum-palm, 298, 301.
Draba, 400.
Dracæna, 274, 316.
Dracæneæ, 316.
Dracocephalum, 539.
Dracunculus, 303, 305.
Dragon’s blood, 301, 316.
Dragon-tree, 316.
Draparnaldia, 54.
Drimys, 389.
Drosera, 408.
Droseraceæ, 407.
Drosophyllum, 408.
Dryas, 458.
Dryobalanops, 415.
Dry-rot, 165, 166.
Dry yeast, 179.
Duboisia, 522.
Duckweed, 307.
Dudresnaya, 84.
Dumontia, 84.
Dumontiaceæ, 84.
Durio, 427.
Durra, 296.
Dwarf-elder, 553.
Dwarf-male, 57.
Dwarf-palm, 300.
Dyer’s Weed, 407, 472.

Earth-nut, 472.
Earth-star, 174.
Earth-tongue, 136.
Eating-chestnut, 346.
Ebenaceæ, 511.
Ebony, 511.
Ecballium, 478, 480, 481.
Eccremocarpus, 529.
Echeveria, 451.
Echinocactus, 375, 376, 377.
Echinodorus, 281.
Echinops, 564, 570.
Echinopsis, 376, 377.
Echinospermum, 533.
Echites, 544.
Echium, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535.
Ectocarpaceæ, 70.
Ectocarpus, 69, 70.
Edelweiss, 573.
Edwardsia, 469.
Egg-cell, 13.
Egg-fertilisation, 13.
Egg-plant, 522.
Ehretia, 533.
Eichhornia, 316.
Elachista, 71.
Elachistaceæ, 71.
Elæagnaceæ, 449.
Elæagnus, 450.
Elæis, 301, 302.
Elæocarpus, 425.
Elaphomyces, 124.
Elaphrium, 438.
Elatereæ, 192.
Elaters, 189.
Elatinaceæ, 413.
Elatine, 413.
Elder, 156, 553, 555, 556.
Elemi, 438.
Elettaria, 326.
Eleusine, 295.
Elisma, 281, 282.
Elm, 124, 165, 351.
Elodea, 282.
Elymus, 113, 296.
Elyna, 286, 287.
Embryo, 246, 247, 248.
Embryo-sac, 241, 247.
Emericella, 176.
Emex, 360.
Empetraceæ, 434.
Empetrum, 434.
Empleurum, 436.
Empusa, 101, 102.
Enantioblastæ, 277, 308.
Encephalartos, 254.
Enchanter’s Nightshade, 485.
Encoeliaceæ, 70.
Endocarpon, 142.
Endomyces, 116, 117.
Endophyllum, 147, 151.
Endophytic parasites, 85.
Endosperm, 233, 246, 248, 249.
Endospermous, 249.
Endosphæra, 47, 51.
Endospore, 89, 187.
Endosporous, 29.
Endothecium, 186.
Endozoic Fungi, 85.
Enhalus, 283.
Entada, 473, 474.
Enteromorpha, 53.
Entoderma, 54.
Entomophthora, 102.
Entomophthoraceæ, 102.
Entomophthorales, 95, 102.
Entyloma, 109, 111, 113.
Enzyme, 32.
Epacridaceæ, 509.
Epacris, 509.
Ephebe, 139, 142.
Ephedra, 271.
Ephemerum, 195.
Epibasal, 186.
Epichloë, 125, 127.
Epiclemmydia, 54.
Epidendreæ, 332.
Epidendron, 332.
Epigynum, 544.
Epilobium, 484, 485.
Epimedium, 390.
Epipactis, 331, 333.
Epipetalous, 336.
Epiphyllum, 375, 377.
Epiphytic parasites, 85.
Epipogon, 331.
Epipyxis, 15.
Episepalous, 335.
Epithemia, 20, 21.
Epizoic Fungi, 85.
Equisetaceæ, 202, 204, 221, 234, 235, 236, 240.
Equisetinæ, 2, 204, 221, 225.
Equisetum, 200, 206, 221, 222, 224.
Eragrostis, 294.
Eranthemum, 530.
Eranthis, 379, 382.
Ergot, 125, 127.
Eria, 332.
Erica, 507, 508.
Ericaceæ, 238, 505, 507.
Ericeæ, 507.
Erigeron, 573.
Erinus, 525.
Eriobotrya, 465.
Eriocaulaceæ, 308, 309.
Eriocaulon, 309.
Eriodendron, 427.
Eriophorum, 285, 286.
Erodium, 419.
Eruca, 402.
Ervum, 470, 473.
Eryngium, 493, 569.
Erysiminæ, 404.
Erysimum, 402.
Erysiphaceæ, 119.
Erysiphe, 119, 120, 121.
Erythræa, 542, 543.
Erythrina, 471.
Erythronium, 312.
Erythrotrichia, 78.
Erythroxylaceæ, 442.
Erythroxylon, 442.
Escalloniaceæ, 454.
Escalloniæ, 451.
Eschalot, 312.
Eschsholzia, 393, 395.
Esparto grass, 296.
Euactæa, 379.
Euaspergillus, 122.
Euastrum, 44.
Eucalyptus, 489.
Eucharidium, 485.
Eucharis, 317, 318.
Euchlæna, 293.
Eucomis, 312.
Eudorina, 48, 50.
Eugeissonia, 301.
Eugenia, 488, 489.
Euglena, 103.
Eunotieæ, 21.
Euonymus, 152, 444.
Eupatorieæ, 571, 572.
Eupatorium, 569, 571.
Euphacidiaceæ, 133.
Euphorbia, 148, 151, 430, 432, 433.
Euphorbiaceæ, 430.
Euphorbium, 434.
Euphoria, 441.
Euphrasia, 526.
Eupodisceæ, 21.
Eurhynchium, 197.
Eurotium, 121, 122.
Euryale, 386, 387, 388.
Eusporangiatæ, 202, 210, 239.
Euterpe, 301.
Euthora, 83.
Eutoca, 515.
Evening Primrose, 484.
Evernia, 143.
Evodia, 436.
Evolvulus, 516.
Exalbuminous, 249.
Exidia, 156.
Exoasci, 95, 115, 116.
Exobasidium, 160, 161.
Exochorda, 457.
Exospore, 87, 187.
Exostemma, 553.
Exuviella, 16, 17, 18, 21.
Eye-bright, 526.
“Eye-spot,” 10.

Faba, 468, 470, 473.
Fabiana, 521.
Fabroniaceæ, 197.
“Fæchel,” 284.
Facultative parasites, 84.
Fagonia, 438.
Fagus, 122, 347, 348.
“Fairy-rings,” 86, 136, 163, 168.
Falcaria, 494.
“Fan,” 284.
Fan-palm, 298.
Farinosæ, 308.
Fatsia, 491.
Feather-grass, 294.
Feather palm, 298.
Fedia, 557.
Fegatella, 191.
Fennel, 492, 495, 498.
“Ferment of wine,” 178.
Fermentation, 32.
Alcoholic, 97.
Ferns, 2.
Stem of, 202, 204, 205.
True, 204, 205.
Water, 205.
Various, 208.
Ferraria, 321.
Ferula, 496, 498.
Fescue, 293, 296.
Festuca, 293, 296.
Festuceæ, 293.
Fevillea, 478, 481.
Ficaria, 334, 383.
Ficus, 351, 354, 355, 356.
Field-horsetail, 224.
Field-madder, 552.
Field-thistle, 151.
Fig-wort, 524.
Filago, 573.
Filament, 238.
Filbert, 345.
Filices, 204, 205.
Systematic division of, 210.
Filicinæ, 2, 204, 205, 234, 236, 239.
Fiori di fico, 355.
Fiorin, 294.
Fir, 124, 153, 155, 165, 170, 263, 264, 265.
Fir-cones, 163.
Firneedle-rust, 152.
Fissidens, 196.
Fissidentaceæ, 196.
Fission-Algæ, 1, 14, 22, 29.
Fission-Fungi, 26, 29.
Fission-plants, 10.
Fistulina, 166.
Flag, 320.
Flagellata, 48.
Flagellatæ, 15.
Flax, 417.
Flea-bane, 573.
“Fleur de vin,” 179.
Floral-leaves, 235.
Florideæ, 9, 10, 77, 78.
Flower, 235.
Monocotyledonous, 276.
Flowering-plants, 3, 249.
Flowering-rush, 281.
Flowers-of-tan, 7.
Fly-mould, 101.
Fly-mushroom, 167, 171.
Fly-trap, 408.
Fœniculum, 495, 498.
Foliage-leaves, 235.
Fontinalaceæ, 197.
Fontinalis, 197.
Fool’s-parsley, 495, 498.
Foot, 186.
Fore-leaf, 275, 334.
Forget-me-not, 334.
Forskohlea, 353.
Forsythia, 546, 547.
Fossil Gymnosperms, 271.
Fothergilla, 455.
Fourcroya, 318.
Fovea, 231.
Foxglove, 525.
Fox-tail, 294, 298, 369.
Fragaria, 458, 461.
Fragilarieæ, 21.
Franciscea, 521.
Francoaceæ, 454.
Frangulinæ, 443, 449, 451, 490.
Frankeniaceæ, 411.
Frankincense, 438.
Fraxinus, 122, 130, 546, 547.
French-bean, 473.
French Rose, 460.
Freycinetia, 302.
Fritillaria, 312, 313, 314.
Frog-bit, 282.
“Fruit,” 91.
Fruit, 249.
Fruit-bearers, 91.
Fruit-bodies, 91.
“Fruit-forms,” 91.
Frullania, 191, 192.
Frustule, 18.
Frustulia, 20.
Fucaceæ, 75.
Fuchsia, 484, 485.
Fucoideæ, 9.
Fucus, 13, 73, 74, 75.
Fuligo, 6, 8.
Fumago, 124.
Fumaria, 396, 397.
Fumariaceæ, 395.
Fumitory, 395.
Funaria, 182, 188, 197.
Funariaceæ, 197.
Funckia, 312, 313, 314.
Fundaments, 90.
Fungi, 1, 4, 5, 8, 84.
Fungi-galls, 85.
Fungi Imperfecti, 96.
Fungus chirurgorum, 164.
laricis, 164.
Funicle, 241.
Furcellaria, 79, 84.
Furze, 472.
Fusicladium, 130.

Gagea, 312.
Gaillardia, 572.
Galactodendron, 356.
Galangal, 326.
Galanthus, 317, 318.
Galaxaura, 83.
Galaxia, 321.
Galbanum, 498.
Galega, 470.
Galeobdolon, 538.
Galeopsis, 538. 540.
Galinsoga, 572.
Galipea, 437.
Galium, 552, 553.
Galphimia, 442.
Gambier, 553.
Gamboge, 414.
Gambo-hemp, 430.
Gametangium, 12.
Gamete, 11.
Gametophore, 183.
Gametophyte, 181.
Gamopetalæ, 336.
Garcinia, 414.
Garden-cress, 405.
Gardenia, 550.
Gardenieæ, 550.
Garidella, 383.
Garlic, 312.
Garrya, 491.
Gasteria, 312.
Gasterolichenes, 176.
Gasteromycetes, 96, 145, 173.
Gastonia, 491.
Gaultheria, 508.
Gaura, 485.
Geaster, 174.
Gelidiaceæ, 83.
Gelidium, 83, 84.
Genipa, 550.
Genista, 471, 473.
Genisteæ, 471.
Gentian, 542.
Gentiana, 542, 543.
Gentianaceæ, 542.
Gentianeæ, 542.
Geoglossum, 136.
Geonoma, 301.
Georgiaceæ, 197.
Geraniaceæ, 418.
Geranium, 419.
Germ-pores, 93.
Gesneria, 528.
Gesneriaceæ, 518, 526, 528.
Gesnerieæ, 528.
Geum, 458, 460.
Gigartina, 83, 84.
Gigartinaceæ, 83.
Gigartinales, 82, 83.
Gilia, 515.
Gillenia, 457.
Gills, 166.
Ginger, 326.
Ginkgo, 255, 257, 259, 260, 272.
Gipsy-wort, 539.
Gladiolus, 321.
Glandulæ, 329.
Glasswort, 371.
Glaucium, 394, 395.
Glaucocystis, 22, 24.
Glaux, 513.
Gleba, 172.
Glechoma, 539, 541.
Gleditschia, 468.
Gleichenia, 215.
Gleicheniaceæ, 215, 236.
Glenodinium, 17.
Globba, 326.
Globe-thistle, 570.
Globularia, 541.
Globulariaceæ, 532, 541.
Glœocapsa, 24.
Glœotrichia, 25.
Gloiopeltis, 84.
Gloiosiphoniaceæ, 84.
Gloxinia, 528.
Glume, 287.
Glumifloræ, 277, 283.
Glyceria, 113, 290, 294, 296.
Glycine, 471.
Glycyrrhiza, 470, 473.
Glyptostrobus, 267.
Gnaphalium, 569, 573.
Gnetaceæ, 3, 251, 271, 272.
Gneteæ, 252, 270.
Gnetum, 271.
Gnidia, 449.
Gnomonia, 130.
Gnomoniaceæ, 130.
Goat’s-beard, 571.
Godetia, 485.
Godlewskia, 25.
Golden-currant, 455.
Golden-rod, 573.
Golden Saxifrage, 452.
Goldfussia, 530.
Gold-of-pleasure, 401.
Gomontia, 58.
Gomontiaceæ, 47, 58.
Gomphonema, 19.
Gomphonemeæ, 20, 21.
Gomphosphæria, 24.
Gomphrena, 368, 369.
Gonatozygon, 44.
Gongrosira, 54.
Gonidia, 138.
Gonimoblast, 82.
Goniotrichaceæ, 78.
Goniotrichum, 78.
Gonium, 48.
Gonococcus, 39.
Gonolobus, 546.
Goodenia, 564.
Goodeniaceæ, 563.
Gooseberry, 455.
Goosefoot, 369.
Gossypieæ, 427.
Gossypium, 427, 429, 430.
Gouania, 448.
“Gourds,” 481.
Gout-weed, 494.
Gracilaria, 83.
“Grains of Paradise,” 390.
Gramineæ, 277, 283, 287.
Grape-disease, 121.
Graphiola, 110.
Graphis, 140, 142.
Grasses, 287.
Grass-flower, 290, 291.
Grass-fruit, 292.
Grass of Parnassus, 453.
Grass-wrack, 279.
Grateloupiaceæ, 84.
Gratiola, 525, 527.
Green Algæ, 1, 14.
“Greenheart,” 393.
Grevillea, 450.
Griffithsia, 84.
Grimmia, 197.
Grimmiaceæ, 197.
Gronovia, 476.
Ground Ivy, 539.
Groundsel, 153, 572.
Gruinales, 416.
Guaiacum, 438.
Guano, 20.
Guava, 489.
Guava-rum, 490.
Guazuma, 422.
Guelder-rose, 455, 555.
Guepinia, 159.
Guinea-corn, 296.
Guinea Pepper-plant, 521.
Guizotia, 574.
Gulf-weed, 75.
Gum-arabic, 475.
Gum-benzoin, 511.
Gum-tragacanth, 473.
Gum-trees, 490.
Gunnera, 25, 482, 485, 486.
Guttapercha, 511.
Guttiferæ, 414.
Gymnadenia, 332.
Gymnoascaceæ, 119.
Gymnoascales, 95, 116, 118.
Gymnoascus, 119.
Gymnodinium, 17.
Gymnogramme, 214.
Gymnospermæ, 2, 234, 239, 250, 251.
Gymnosperms, 244, 246.
Fossil, 271.
Gymnosporangium, 146, 147, 151, 154.
Gymnosporeæ, 82.
Gymnostomum, 196.
Gymnozyga, 42, 44.
Gynandræ, 278, 328
Gynandropsis, 405, 406.
Gynerium, 294, 296.
Gynœceum, 237.
Gynophore, 367.
Gynostemium, 329.
Gysophila, 368.

Habenaria, 332.
Hablitzia, 370.
Habrothamnus, 522.
Hacquetia, 493.
Hæmanthus, 317, 318.
Hæmatoxylon, 467, 468.
Hæmodoraceæ, 320.
Hæmodorum, 320.
Hagenia, 460.
Hair-grass, 294.
Hakea, 450.
Halesia, 511.
Halianthus, 366.
Halidrys, 73, 75.
Halimeda, 62, 63.
Halimus, 371.
Halophila, 283.
Haloragidaceæ, 482, 485, 486.
Haloragis, 486.
Halymenia, 84.
Hamamelidaceæ, 455.
Hamamelis, 455.
Hamelia, 550.
Hankornia, 544.
Hapalosiphon, 26.
Haplomitrium, 192.
Haplospora, 72.
Haptera, 4, 10.
Hard-fern, 214.
Hare’s-ear, 494.
Hart’s-tongue, 214.
“Harzsticken,” 169.
Haschisch, 358.
Hassalia, 26.
Haustoria, 86.
Hawkbit, 571.
Hawksbeard, 571.
Hawthorn, 465.
Hay-bacillus, 37, 38, 39.
Hazel, 526.
Hazel-nut, 343.
Heal-all, 539.
Heath, 507.
Hebenstretia, 541.
Hechtia, 319.
Hedera, 491.
Hedge-mustard, 402.
Hedge-parsley, 497.
Hedwigia, 197.
Hedycarya, 389.
Hedychium, 326.
Hedyosmum, 363.
Hedysareæ, 472.
Hedysarum, 472, 473.
Helenium, 572.
Heleocharis, 285.
Heliantheæ, 572, 573.
Helianthemum, 412.
Helianthus, 569, 572, 574.
Helichrysum, 573.
Heliconia, 325.
Heliconiæ, 325.
Helicophyllum, 303.
Helicteres, 422.
Heliophilinæ, 404.
Heliotropieæ, 533.
Heliotropium, 533, 535.
Hellebore, 382.
Helleboreæ, 381.
Helleborus, 379, 380, 382.
Helminthocladiaceæ, 83.
Helobieæ, 277, 278.
Helosciadium, 494.
Helosis, 504.
Helotiaceæ, 135.
Helotium, 135.
Helvella, 136.
Helvellaceæ, 136.
Helvellales, 95, 116, 136.
Helwingia, 491.
Hemerocallideæ, 312.
Hemerocallis, 312, 313, 314.
Hemiasci, 95, 108.
Hemibasidii, 95, 108, 109.
Hemichlamydeous, 257.
Hemileia, 155.
Hemlock, 494, 498.
Hemp, 356, 529.
Hemp-agrimony, 571.
Hemp-nettle, 538.
Henbane, 521.
Henriquezia, 549.
Hepaticæ, 2, 188.
Hepialus, 128.
Heracleum, 492, 496.
Herb-Paris, 314.
Heritiera, 422.
Hermannia, 422.
Hermaphrodite, 236.
Herminium, 332.
Hermodactylus, 321.
Hernandia, 392.
Herniaria, 365, 367.
Herpestis, 525.
Herposteiron, 54.
Herpotrichia, 129.
Hesperideæ, 404.
Hesperidinæ, 404.
Hesperis, 400, 402.
Heteranthera, 316.
Heterobasidion, 145, 165.
Heterocysteæ, 24.
Heterocysts, 22.
Heterœcious, 148.
Heteromerous, 138.
Heteropteris, 442.
Heterosphæria, 116, 133.
Heterosphæriaceæ, 133.
Heterosporous Vascular Cryptogams, 200.
Heterotoma, 563.
Heuchera, 452.
Hibiscus, 427, 430.
Hickory, 350.
Hieracium, 571.
Hierochloa, 295, 296.
Higher Fungi, 95, 114.
Hilum, 243.
Himanthalia, 75.
Himantidium, 20.
Hip, 459, 460.
Hippocrateaceæ, 444.
Hippocrepis, 472.
Hippomane, 434.
Hippophaë, 450.
Hippuris, 486.
“Hochblatt,” 235.
Hog’s-fennel, 496.
Holbœllia, 390.
Holcus, 294, 296.
Holly, 444.
Hollyhock, 151, 430.
Holochlamydeous, 256.
Holosteum, 366.
Homalia, 197.
Homalothecium, 197.
Homocysteæ, 24.
Homoiomerous, 138.
Honckenya, 366.
Honesty, 400.
Honey-dew, 126.
Honey-leaves, 379.
Honeysuckle, 553, 554.
Hookeriaceæ, 197.
Hop, 124, 356, 357.
Hopea, 415.
Hordeæ, 295.
Hordeum, 291, 296.
Horehound, 538.
Hormidium, 54.
Hormogonia, 10, 24.
Hornbeam, 157, 343, 344.
Horned Pond-weed, 279.
Horn-nut, 485.
Horn-poppy, 395.
Horn-wort, 388.
Horse-bean, 470, 473.
Horse-chestnut, 440.
Horse-radish, 400, 405.
Horsetails, 2, 204, 221.
Hosta, 312.
Hoteia, 452.
Hottonia, 512.
Hound’s-tongue, 533.
House-leek, 452.
Houttuynia, 359, 362.
Hoya, 546.
Humiriaceæ, 421.
Humulus, 121, 357, 358.
Hura, 432.
Hyacintheæ, 312.
Hyacinthus, 312, 313, 314.
Hyalotheca, 42, 44.
Hydnaceæ, 162.
Hydnophytum, 550, 553.
Hydnora, 504.
Hydnum, 162.
Hydra, 9.
Hydrangea, 455.
Hydrangeaceæ, 455.
Hydrastin, 385.
Hydrastis, 381.
Hydrilla, 283.
Hydrocharis, 282.
Hydrocharitaceæ, 278, 282.
Hydrocleis, 281.
Hydrocotyle, 491, 493.
Hydrocotyleæ, 493.
Hydrodictyaceæ, 47, 51.
Hydrodictyon, 9, 52.
Hydrolea, 515.
Hydrophyllaceæ, 515.
Hydropterideæ, 205, 215, 239.
Hydruraceæ, 16.
Hydrurus, 16.
Hygrophorei, 172.
Hygrophorus, 172.
Hylocomium, 197.
Hymenæa, 468.
Hymenium, 88.
Hymenogaster, 174, 175, 176.
Hymenogastraceæ, 176.
Hymenolichenes, 176.
Hymenomycetes, 96, 145, 159.
Hymenophore, 159.
Hymenophyllaceæ, 206, 210, 215.
Hymenophyllum, 215.
Hyoscyamine, 522.
Hyoscyamus, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523.
Hypecoum, 395, 396.
Hypericaceæ, 413.
Hypericum, 413, 414.
Hypha, 85.
Hyphæ-like threads, 9.
Hyphæne, 298, 301.
Hypholoma, 171.
Hypnaceæ, 197.
Hypnum, 47, 196, 197.
Hypobasal, 186.
Hypochæris, 571.
Hypochnus, 161.
Hypocreaceæ, 125.
Hypocreales, 125.
Hypoderma, 132.
Hypodermaceæ, 132.
Hypomyces, 125.
Hyporhodius, 171.
Hypothecium, 132.
Hypoxideæ, 317.
Hypoxis, 318.
Hypoxylon, 131.
Hypsophyllary leaves, 235.
Hyssop, 540, 541.
Hyssopus, 540, 541.
Hysteriaceæ, 132.
Hysteriales, 95, 116, 132.
Hysterium, 132.
Hysterophyta, 498.

Iberis, 398, 400, 401.
Icacinaceæ, 439.
Iceland-lichen, 142.
Iceland-moss, 143.
Ice-plant, 375.
Icica, 438.
Ignatius-beans, 546.
Ilex, 444.
Illecebrum, 367.
Illicieæ, 389.
Illicium, 389.
Impatiens, 421.
Imperatoria, 496, 498.
Incense, 438.
Indian-corn, 293.
Indian-cress, 420.
Indigo, 470, 473.
Indigofera, 470, 473.
Indusium, 210.
Inflorescence of Palm, 299.
Infusoria, 9.
Inga, 473, 475.
Integuments, 242.
Inula, 569, 573, 574.
Inulin, 574.
Involucre, 189.
Involution-forms, 36.
Ionidium, 410.
Ipecacuanha, 553.
Ipomæa, 515, 517.
Iridaceæ, 277, 310, 320.
Iris, 276, 291, 320, 321.
Irish-moss, 84.
Iron-bacteria, 33.
Iron-wood, 339, 511.
Irpex, 163.
Isactis, 25.
Isaria, 127, 128.
Isatis, 403, 404.
Isnardia, 485.
Isoëtaceæ, 230.
Isoëtes, 200, 202, 204, 228, 230, 245.
Isogamous fertilisation, 11.
Isolepis, 287.
Isonandra, 511.
Isopyrum, 382.
Isosporous Vascular Cryptogams, 200.
Isothecium, 197.
Isotoma, 563.
Ivy, 491.
Ixia, 321.
Ixora, 550.

Jacaranda, 529.
Jack, 356.
Jacquinia, 513.
Jalap, 517.
Jambosa, 488.
Japanese wax, 439.
Jasione, 541, 561, 562.
Jasminaceæ, 541, 542, 547.
Jasmine, 547.
Jasminum, 547.
Jateorhiza, 390.
Jatropha, 431.
Jequirty, 470.
Jerusalem-Artichoke, 572, 574.
Jonquil, 318.
Judas’-ear, 156.
Judas-tree, 468.
Juglandaceæ, 337, 349.
Juglandifloræ, 349.
Juglans, 349, 350.
Juncaceæ, 277, 283, 284, 291.
Juncaginaceæ, 278.
Juncus, 283, 284.
Jungermannia, 191, 192.
Jungermannieæ, 191.
Juniper, 259, 268, 269.
Juniperus, 151, 152, 241, 268, 269.
Jurinea, 570.
Jussiæa, 485.
Justicia, 530.
Jute, 425.

Kalanchoë, 451.
Kale, 403, 405.
Kalmia, 509.
Kæmpferia, 325, 326.
Kamala, 434.
Kaulfussia, 212.
Kefir-grains, 36.
Kelp, 76.
Kerria, 457, 460.
Kidney-bean, 471, 473.
Kielmeyera, 415.
“King Charles and the Oak,” 207.
Kingia, 312.
Kino, 473.
Kitaibelia, 429.
Knap-weed, 570.
Knapwell, 367.
Knautia, 560.
Knot-grass, 359.
Knowltonia, 379.
Kobresia, 287.
Kochia, 371.
Koeleria, 294.
Koelreuteria, 441.
Koenigia, 361.
Kohlrabi, 405.
Krameria, 468.
Kramerieæ, 468.
Koso-tree, 460.

Labellum, 277, 323, 325.
Labiatæ, 515, 532, 535, 536.
Labiate-flowered, 567, 570.
Laburnum, 472, 473.
Labyrinth Fungus, 166.
Lace-tree, 449.
Lacmus, 142.
Lactarius, 171.
Lactoridaceæ, 362.
Lactoris, 362.
Lactuca, 571, 574.
Ladanum, 412.
Ladenbergia, 550, 553.
Ladies-mantle, 460.
Lady-fern, 213.
Lady’s-finger, 471.
Lælia, 332.
Lagenandra, 306.
Lagenaria, 479, 481.
Lagenedium, 104.
Lagerstrœmia, 483.
Lagetta, 449.
Lagœcia, 494.
Laguncularia, 487.
Lagurus, 296.
Lamellæ, 166.
Laminaria, 71.
Laminariaceæ, 71.
Lamium, 536, 538, 540, 541.
Lamprothamnus, 67.
Landolphia, 544.
Langsdorffia, 504.
Lantana, 535.
Lappa, 570, 574.
Lapsana, 570.
Larch, 266, 267.
Larch-canker, 135.
Larch-fungus, 164.
Lardizabalaceæ, 390.
Larix, 266.
Larkspur, 383.
Larrea, 438.
Laserpitium, 497.
Lasiandra, 484.
Latania, 301.
Lathræa, 525, 526, 528.
Lathyrus, 470, 473.
Lattice-rust, 147.
Laudatea, 176.
Lauraceæ, 238, 391, 449.
Laurus, 161, 391, 392, 393.
Lavandula, 536, 540, 541.
Lavatera, 428, 430.
Lavender, 540.
Oil of, 541.
Lawsonia, 483.
Leafy-mosses, 183.
Leathesia, 71.
Leaven, 179.
Lecanora, 140, 142.
Lechenaultia, 564.
Lecidea, 142.
Lecythideæ, 489.
Lecythis, 489.
Ledum, 153, 509.
Leea, 445.
Leek, 312.
Leersia, 291, 293.
Leguminosæ, 466.
Legume, 466.
Lejolisia, 81.
Lemanea, 80, 82.
Lemaneaceæ, 82.
Lemna, 25, 47, 307.
Lemnaceæ, 307.
Lemon, 438.
Lentil, 470, 473.
Lentinus, 171.
Leontice, 390.
Leontodon, 568, 571.
Leontopodium, 593.
Leonurus, 538.
Lepidiinæ, 404.
Lepidium, 400, 401.
Lepidocaryinæ, 301.
Lepidodendraceæ, 233.
Lepidozia, 192.
Lepiota, 171.
Leptobryum, 197.
Leptogium, 140, 142.
Leptomitus, 108.
Leptopleura, 387.
Leptopuccinia, 151.
Leptosiphon, 515.
Leptospermeæ, 489.
Leptospermum, 489.
Leptosporangiatæ, 202, 210, 212, 239.
Leptothrix, 26, 33, 35, 38.
Leptotrichum, 196.
Lepturus, 295.
Lescuræa, 197.
Leskea, 197.
Leskeaceæ, 197.
Lessonia, 72.
Lettuce, 571, 574.
Leucobryaceæ, 196.
Leucobryum, 192, 196.
Leucodon, 197.
Leucojum, 317, 318.
Leuconostoc, 28, 29, 35.
Levisticum, 496, 498.
Liagora, 83.
Libanotis, 495.
Libocedrus, 269.
Lichen, 4, 8.
Lichen-forming Ascomycetes, 116, 136.
Basidiomycetes, 176.
Lichenin, 142.
Lichina, 142.
Licmophoreæ, 21.
Lignum Vitæ, 438.
Ligularia, 572.
Ligulate-flowered, 567.
Ligule, 283.
Ligulifloræ, 570.
Ligustrum, 547.
Lilac, 547.
Lilæa, 279.
Liliaceæ, 274, 309, 311.
Lilies, 311, 314.
Liliifloræ, 278, 309.
Lilium, 245, 312, 313, 314.
Lily of the Valley, 314.
Lime, 165.
Limnanthaceæ, 421.
Limnanthemum, 543.
Limnanthes, 421.
Limnocharis, 281.
Limodorum, 331.
Limonia, 437.
Limosella, 525.
Linaceæ, 417.
Linaria, 523, 525, 527.
Lindera, 393.
Ling, 507.
Linnæa, 555.
Linnæeæ, 555.
Linociera, 547.
Linseed, 418.
Linum, 417, 418.
Liparis, 332.
Lippia, 535.
Liquidambar, 455.
Liquorice, 470, 473.
Liriodendron, 388.
Listera, 331.
Litchi, 441.
Lithoderma, 71.
Lithodermataceæ, 71.
Lithophyllum, 84.
Lithospermum, 533.
Lithothamnion, 80, 84.
Littorella, 530, 531.
Liverworts, 2, 181, 188.
Livistona, 298, 299, 300, 302.
Lloydia, 312.
Loasaceæ, 476.
Lobelia, 562, 563.
Lobeliaceæ, 335, 562.
Lobeline, 563.
Lochnera, 544.
Locusts, 468.
Lodicules, 288, 291.
Lodoicea, 301.
Loganiaceæ, 542, 546, 549.
Logwood, 468.
Loiseleuria, 509.
Lolium, 295, 296.
Lomandra, 312.
Lomaria, 214.
Lomentaceæ, 403.
Lomentaria, 83.
Lonicera, 553, 554, 556.
Lonicereæ, 549, 553.
Long-pepper, 363.
Loose-strife, 482.
Lopezia, 484, 485.
Lophiostomaceæ, 130.
Lophocolea, 192.
Lophodermium, 132.
Lophospermum, 525.
Loquat, 465.
Loranthaceæ, 501.
Loranthoideæ, 501.
Loranthus, 504.
Loteæ, 471.
Lotus, 471.
Louse-wort, 526.
Love-in-the-mist, 382.
Lucerne, 473, 529.
Lucuma, 511.
Luehea, 424, 425.
Luffa, 481.
Lunaria, 400, 401.
Lung-Lichen, 143.
Lung-wort, 533.
Lunularia, 191.
Lupin, 472.
Lupinus, 472.
Luzula, 283, 284.
Lychnis, 365, 367.
Lychnothamnus, 67.
Lycium, 521.
Lycogala, 6, 8.
Lycoperdaceæ, 174.
Lycoperdon, 174.
Lycopersicum, 521, 522.
Lycopodiaceæ, 202, 226.
Lycopodieæ, 205, 226.
Lycopodinæ, 2, 205, 226, 228, 234, 235, 236, 240.
Lycopodium, 200, 226, 227, 228, 233.
Lycopsis, 534.
Lycopus, 536, 539.
Lygeum, 293.
Lygodium, 215.
Lyme-grass, 296.
Lyngbya, 24.
Lyngbyaceæ, 22, 24.
Lyonia, 508.
Lysimachia, 47, 151, 513.
Lysipoma, 563.
Lythraceæ, 482.
Lythrum, 482, 483.

Maba, 511.
Machærium, 472.
“Mace,” 393.
Macleya, 395.
Maclura, 354, 356.
Macrosporangium, 241, 243.
Macrospore, 200, 242, 243, 245, 246.
Macrocystis, 72.
Macrozamia, 254.
Madder, 552, 553.
Madia, 574.
Madotheca, 192.
Mad-wort, 534.
Maesa, 513.
Magnolia, 389.
Magnoliaceæ, 388.
Magnolieæ, 388.
Mahernia, 422.
Mahogany, 436.
Mahonia, 149, 390.
Maiden-hair, 206, 213.
Maize, 289, 293, 296.
Maize-blight, 113.
Majanthemum, 309, 314.
Malachium, 366.
Malachra, 428.
Malaxis, 332.
Malcolmiinæ, 404.
Male-Fern, 214.
Mallow, 425.
Malope, 429, 430.
Malopeæ, 428.
Malpighiaceæ, 442.
Malpighia, 422.
Malt, 296.
Malus, 152, 463, 464, 465.
Malva, 426, 428, 429, 430.
Malvaceæ, 425.
Malveæ, 428.
Malvaviscus, 428.
Mamme, 355.
Mammea, 414.
Mammillæ, 377.
Mammillaria, 375, 377.
Mammoni, 355.
Mancinil-tree, 432.
Mandragora, 522.
Mandrake, 522.
Manettia, 550.
Mangifera, 439.
Manglesia, 450.
Mango, 439.
Mangold, 369, 372.
Mangosteen, 414.
Mangrove, 486.
Manihot, 431, 434.
Manilla Hemp, 325.
Maniok, 434.
“Manna,” 547.
Manna Ash, 546, 547.
Manna-grass, 296.
Manna-lichen, 142.
Mannit, 72.
Maple, 442.
Maranta, 327.
Marantaceæ, 277, 327.
Marasmiei, 171.
Marasmius, 168, 171.
Marattia, 212.
Marattiaceæ, 209, 210, 212, 236.
Marcgraviaceæ, 415.
Marchantia, 181, 183, 184, 190.
Marchantiaceæ, 190.
Marchantieæ, 190.
Mare’s-tail, 486.
Marigold, 572.
Marjoram, 539, 541.
Marrow, 480.
Marrubium, 538.
Marsilia, 216, 217, 219, 220, 245.
Marsiliaceæ, 210, 218, 239.
Marsh Cinquefoil, 458.
Marsh-marigold, 382.
Martynia, 529.
Masdevallia, 332.
Massariaceæ, 130.
Massulæ, 331.
“Mast,” 347.
Mastic, 439.
Mastigobryum, 192.
Mastigocoleus, 24.
Maté, 445.
Matico, 363.
Matricaria, 572, 574.
Matthiola, 400, 402.
Maurandia, 525.
Mauritia, 301.
Maxillaria, 332.
May, 465.
Mayacaceæ, 308.
Maydeæ, 293.
Meadow-grass, 151, 294, 296.
Meadow Rue, 385.
Meadow-sweet, 457.
Mecca-balsam, 438.
Meconopsis, 395.
Medicago, 471, 473.
Medick, 471, 473.
Medinilla, 484.
Medlar, 465.
Meesea, 197.
Megacarpæa, 400, 401.
Melaleuca, 489.
Melampodium, 572.
Melampsora, 147, 152, 153.
Melampsorella, 147.
Melampyrum, 526.
Melanconidaceæ, 130.
Melandrium, 367.
Melanogaster, 176.
Melanommaceæ, 30.
Melanoselinum, 497.
Melanosinapis, 402.
Melanospora, 125.
Melanoxylon, 468.
Melanthium, 310.
Melastomaceæ, 483.
Meliaceæ, 435.
Melianthaceæ, 440.
Melianthus, 440.
Melica, 287, 290, 294.
Melilotus, 466, 470, 471.
Melinophyl, 18.
Melissa, 540, 541.
Melobesia, 80, 84.
Melocactus, 375, 377.
Melochia, 422.
Melogrammataceæ, 130.
Melon, 481.
Melosira, 19.
Melosireæ, 21.
Menispermaceæ, 390.
Menispermum, 390.
Mentha, 47, 536, 539, 541.
Menthol, 541.
Mentzelia, 476.
Menyantheæ, 542, 543.
Menyanthes, 240, 543, 550.
Menziesia, 509.
Mercurialis, 431, 434.
Mercury, 431.
Merendera, 310.
Mericarp, 492.
Meridieæ, 21.
Merismopedium, 10, 24.
Merismopedium form, 27.
Mertensia, 533.
Merulius, 166.
Mesembrianthemeæ, 375.
Mesembrianthemum, 375.
Mesocarpaceæ, 46.
Mesomycetes, 1, 95, 108.
Mesotænium, 43, 44.
Mespilus, 463, 465.
Metaxenous, 148.
Metrosideros, 489.
Metroxylon, 298, 301.
Metzgeria, 191, 192.
Metzleria, 563.
Meum, 495.
Michauxia, 562.
Miconia, 484.
Micrasterias, 44.
Microcachrys, 255, 260, 261.
Microchæte, 26.
Microchloa, 295.
Micrococcus, 26, 35, 38.
Microcoleus, 22, 24.
Microconidia, 89.
Microcycas, 254.
Microdictyon, 62.
Microglena, 15.
Micropyle, 242.
Microsphæra, 121.
Microspira-comma, 40.
Microspora, 54.
Microsporangia, 237, 240.
Microspore, 200, 214.
Microtea, 372.
Mignonette, 406.
Mikania, 571.
Mildews, 119, 122.
Milfoil, 572.
Milium, 294.
Milk-thistle, 570.
Milk-vetch, 470.
Milk-wort, 443.
Millet, 296.
Mimosa, 473.
Mimosaceæ, 466, 473.
Mimulus, 525, 526, 527.
Mimusops, 511.
Mint, 539.
Mirabilis, 374.
Mistletoe, 501.
Mitella, 452.
Mitromyces, 173.
Mitrula, 136, 159.
Mnium, 197.
Mock Orange-blossom, 455.
Modiola, 427.
Moehringia, 366.
Mohria, 215.
Molinia, 151, 294.
Mollinedia, 389.
Mollisia, 135.
Mollisiaceæ, 135.
Mollugo, 375.
Momordica, 481.
Monacanthus, 333.
Monangic, 243.
Monarda, 540, 541.
Monardeæ, 540.
Money-wort, 513.
Monimia, 389.
Monimiaceæ, 389.
Monkshood, 383.
Monoblepharis, 102, 108.
Monocotyledones, 3, 273, 274, 276.
Monocotyledonous flower, 276.
Monœcious, 236.
Monostroma, 53.
Monotropa, 334, 506, 507.
Monstera, 303, 305, 307.
Montia, 373.
Moonwort, 211.
Moraceæ, 351, 353.
Moræa, 321.
Morchella, 136.
Moreæ, 354.
Morell, 136.
Moricandiinæ, 404.
Morina, 560.
Morinda, 549.
Mortierellaceæ, 100.
Mortierella, 100.
Morus, 351, 354.
Moschatel, 453.
Moss, 182.
“Moss-flower,” 183.
Moss-fruit, 186.
Moss-rose, 460.
Mosses, 1, 2, 181, 188, 192, 234.
Mougeotia, 46.
Moulds, 31, 94, 122.
Mountain-ash, 465.
Mountain-meal, 20.
Mountain-pine, 266.
Mouse-tail, 383.
Mucor, 97, 98, 99.
Mucoraceæ, 96.
“Mucor-yeast,” 97.
Mucro, 257.
Mucuna, 471.
Mud-wort, 525.
Muehlenbeckia, 360.
Mulberry, 353, 356.
Mullein, 523.
Murracytaceæ, 15.
Musa, 324, 325.
Musaceæ, 277, 323.
“Muscardine,” 128.
Muscari, 312, 314.
Musci, 2.
frondosi, 188, 192.
Muscineæ, 1, 181.
Museæ, 325.
Mushroom, 159, 166, 168.
Musk-rose, 460.
Mutisieæ, 570.
Myanthus, 333.
Mycelium, 85.
Mycena, 171.
Mycoidea, 8, 54.
Mycoideaceæ, 47, 54.
Mycomycetes, 1, 95, 114.
Mycorhiza, 124, 175, 180, 506.
Mycosiphonales, 95, 104.
Myosotis, 533, 534, 535.
Myosurus, 379, 380, 383, 384.
Myrcia, 488.
Myrica, 350.
Myricaceæ, 337, 350.
Myricaria, 411, 412.
Myriophyllum, 486.
Myriotrichia, 71.
Myriotrichiaceæ, 71.
Myristica, 392, 393.
Myristicaceæ, 393.
Myrmecodia, 550, 553.
Myroxylon, 473.
Myrrh, 438.
Myrrha, 438.
Myrrhis, 495, 498.
Myrsinaceæ, 513.
Myrsine, 513.
Myrtaceæ, 487.
Myrteæ, 488.
Myrtifloræ, 451, 482.
Myrtle, 487, 488.
Myrtus, 488, 489.
Myxamœba, 6.
Myxogasteres, 5.
Myxomycetes, 1, 4, 5.
Myxophyceæ, 22.
Myzodendron, 500, 501.

Naccaria, 83.
Nægelia, 528.
Najadaceæ, 278, 281.
Najas, 281.
Nandina, 390.
Narcissus, 316, 317, 318.
Nardostachys, 557, 558.
Nardus, 291, 295, 558.
Narthecium, 310.
Narthex, 496.
Nasturtium, 400, 402, 420.
Navicula, 19.
Naviculeæ, 20, 21.
Neck-canal-cells, 184.
Neckera, 197.
Neckeraceæ, 197.
Nectandra, 392, 393.
Nectria, 116, 125, 127.
Neea, 374.
Negundo, 441, 442.
Nelumbo, 386.
Nelumboneæ, 386.
Nemalion, 81.
Nemalionales, 82.
Nemastomaceæ, 84.
Nemesia, 525.
Nemophila, 515.
Neomeris, 63.
Neottia, 5, 331.
Neottieæ, 331.
Neovossia, 111.
Nepenthaceæ, 408, 409.
Nepenthes, 409.
Nepeta, 536, 539.
Nepeteæ, 539.
Nephelium, 441.
Nephrolepis, 214.
Nephroselmis, 15.
Nerium, 544.
Nesæa, 483.
Neslia, 403.
Nest-fungi, 176.
Nettle, 351, 352, 353.
Neuradeæ, 457.
Neuwiedia, 329.
Nicandra, 519, 522.
Nicotiana, 520, 522.
Nicotine, 522.
Nidularia, 176.
Nidulariaceæ, 176.
Nierembergia, 521.
Nigella, 379, 380, 382.
Nightshade, 521.
Nigritella, 332.
Nile-lily, 305.
Nipa, 301.
Nipplewort, 570.
Nitella, 65.
Nitelleæ, 67.
Nitraria, 438.
Nitrifying Bacteria, 5.
Nitzchieæ, 21.
Noble Pine, 264.
Noctiluca, 17.
Nodularia, 25.
Nolana, 522.
Nolanaceæ, 518, 522.
Noli-me-tangere, 421.
Nonnea, 533.
Nonsexual reproduction, 10.
Nostoc, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 138, 486.
Nostocaceæ, 22, 24, 25.
Nostocopsis, 26.
Nothofagus, 347, 348, 501.
Notorhizæ, 400.
Nucellus, 235, 241, 243, 247.
Nuculiferæ, 505, 515, 531.
Nucumentaceæ, 403.
Nullipora, 84.
Nuphar, 387.
Nutmegs, 393.
Nutritive-tissue, 248.
Nux vomica, 546.
Nyctaginiaceæ, 373.
Nyctalis, 172.
Nyctanthes, 547.
Nycterinia, 525, 526.
Nymphæa, 387, 388.
Nymphæaceæ, 385.
Nymphæeæ, 386.

Oak, 117, 130, 134, 135, 161, 164, 166, 346, 347, 348.
Oat, 113, 151, 292, 294, 296.
Oat-grain, 290.
Oat-grass, 296.
Obdiplostemonous, 336.
Obelidium, 103.
Obligate parasites, 85.
Ochna, 439.
Ochnaceæ, 439.
Ochroma, 427.
Ocimum, 541.
Ocrea, 359.
Odonthalia, 83.
Odontites, 526.
Œdogoniaceæ, 47, 55.
Œdogonium, 10, 11, 55, 56.
Œnanthe, 495, 498.
Œnothera, 484, 485, 486.
Œnotheraceæ, 484.
Oidia, 90.
Oidium, 121, 179.
Oidium forms, 179.
Oil-mould, 99.
Oil-palm, 301.
Olea, 547.
Oleaceæ, 541, 542, 546.
Oleander, 544.
Oligorus, 166.
Olive, 547.
Olive-brown Seaweeds, 68.
Olive Oil, 547.
Olpidiaceæ, 103.
Olpidieæ, 103.
Olpidium, 103.
Olyreæ, 296.
Omphalodes, 533, 534.
Onagraceæ, 484.
Oncidium, 332.
Oncobyrsa, 24.
Onion, 312.
Onobrychis, 472, 473.
Ononis, 471.
Onopordon, 570.
Ooblastema-filaments, 82.
Oocystis, 51.
Oogamous fertilisation, 13.
Oogonium, 13.
Oomycetes, 95, 96, 100.
Oophyte, 181.
Oosphere, 13, 248.
Oospore, 14.
Operculum, 193.
Ophiocytium, 51.
Ophioglossaceæ, 209, 210.
Ophioglossum, 210, 211, 238.
Ophiopogon, 320.
Ophrydeæ, 331.
Ophrys, 332, 333.
Opium-poppy, 395.
Oplismenus, 295.
Opuntia, 375, 377.
Orange, 438.
Orchid, diagram of flower, 329.
Orchidaceæ, 5, 238, 328.
Orchideæ, 277.
Orchids, 151.
Orchis, 276, 331, 332, 333.
Oreobolus, 285.
Oreodoxa, 301.
Organs of attachment, 4.
Origanum, 536, 539, 541.
Ornithogalum, 312, 314.
Ornithopus, 466, 472.
Orobanche, 334, 528, 529.
Orontieæ, 303.
Orontium, 304.
Orris-root, 321.
Orseille, 142.
Orthoploceæ, 400.
Orthospermeæ, 493.
Orthothecium, 197.
Orthotrichum, 197.
Orthotropous, 242, 243.
Oryza, 293.
Oryzeæ, 293.
Oscillaria, 10, 23, 24, 26, 37.
Oscillariaceæ, 24.
Osiers, 152.
Osmunda, 209, 215.
Osmundaceæ, 202, 210, 215.
Ostioles, 73.
Ostropa, 133.
Ostropaceæ, 133.
Ostrya, 345.
Osyris, 500.
Ouratea, 439.
Ouvirandra, 281.
Ovary, 3, 239, 250.
Ovule, 241, 242, 248.
Ovuliferous scale, 256, 257.
Oxalidaceæ, 416.
Oxalis, 416.
Ox-eye, 572.
Oxslip, 513.
Oxybaphus, 374.
Oxycoccus, 509, 510.
Oxyria, 360.
Oyster Mushroom, 171.

Padina, 76.
Pæonia, 379, 381.
Pæonieæ, 381.
Pæpalanthus, 309.
Palaquium, 511.
Palava, 429.
Paleæ, 209.
Pales, 288.
Palisander-wood, 529.
Paliurus, 448.
Palm, 275, 276, 297.
Branching of, 298.
Inflorescence of, 299.
Palm-oil, 301.
Palm-wax, 301.
Palm-wine, 301.
Palmæ, 297.
Palmella-stage, 15, 16.
Palmyra-palm, 301.
Paludella, 197.
Pampas-grass, 296.
Panama hats, 302.
Panax, 491.
Pancratium, 317.
Pandanaceæ, 302.
Pandanus, 302.
Pandorina, 45, 48.
Paniceæ, 295.
Panicum, 295, 296.
Pansy, 411.
Panus, 171.
Papaveraceæ, 394.
Papaver, 394, 395.
Papaw, 476.
Papayaceæ, 476.
Paper-mulberry tree, 354, 356.
Papilionaceæ, 335, 468.
Pappus, 564, 566.
Papyrus, 287.
Paradise apple, 465.
Paraglobulin, 473.
Paraphyses, 88.
Paraguay tea, 445.
Parasites, 5.
Parasites, endophytic, 85.
endozoic, 85.
epiphytic, 85.
epizoic, 85.
facultative, 84.
obligate, 85.
pathogenic, 85.
Parasitic Bacteria, 38.
Parasol-fungus, 171.
Pariana, 291.
Parietaria, 353.
Paris, 309, 314, 316.
Paritium, 430.
Parkia, 475.
Parmelia, 140, 141, 142, 143.
Parnassia, 453.
Paronychia, 365, 367.
Paronychieæ, 366.
Parrotia, 455.
Parsley, 494, 498.
Parsnip, 492, 496, 498.
Parthenogenesis, 14.
Pasanea, 346, 348.
Paspalum, 295.
Pasta guaranà, 441.
Pastinaca, 493, 496.
Passerina, 449.
Passiflora, 475, 476.
Passifloraceæ, 476.
Passiflorinæ, 475.
Passion-flower, 476.
Patellaria, 134.
Patellariaceæ, 134.
Patellea, 134.
Paternoster peas, 470.
Pathogenic Rod-Bacteria, 39.
Patrinia, 557.
Paullinia, 441.
Paulownia, 527.
Pavonia, 428.
Paxillei, 172.
Payena, 511.
Paypayroleæ, 411.
Pea, 470.
Peach, 117, 121, 461.
Pear, 130, 464, 465.
Pedagnuoli, 355.
Pedaliaceæ, 518, 529.
Pediastrum, 52.
Pedicularis, 151, 526.
Peganum, 438.
Pelargonium, 418, 419.
Peliosanthes, 320.
Pellia, 191, 192.
Pellitory, 353.
Peltigera, 143.
Pelvetia, 73.
Penicillium, 122, 123.
Penium, 43, 44.
Pennisetum, 295.
Penny-cress, 401.
Penny-wort, 493.
Pentacyclicæ, 505, 506.
Pentadesma, 414.
Pentapera, 505.
Pentstemon, 524, 527.
Peplis, 47, 483.
Pepper, 361.
Peppermint, 541.
Peperomia, 361, 362.
Pepperwort, 401.
Pereskia, 375, 376.
Perianth, 235.
Perichætium, 192.
Pericarp, 249.
Pericallis, 574.
Peridermium, 147, 148, 153, 154, 155, 156.
Peridinea, 1, 14, 17.
Peridinin, 16.
Peridinium, 17.
Peridiola, 176.
Peridium, 88, 89, 147.
Perigynium, 189.
Perilla, 541.
Periphyses, 88.
Periplasm, 104.
Periploca, 546.
Perisperm, 249.
Perisporiaceæ, 122.
Perisporiales, 95, 116, 118, 119.
Peristome, 195.
Perithecia, 125.
Periwinkle, 543, 544.
Perizonium, 20.
Pernambuco-tree, 468.
Peronocarpic ascocarps, 125.
Peronospora, 101, 104, 105, 107.
Peronosporaceæ, 104.
Persea, 393.
Persica, 461.
Personatæ, 505, 515, 517.
Pertusaria, 140, 142.
Petals, 235.
Petasites, 153, 569, 571.
Petiveria, 372.
Petrocelis, 84.
Petunia, 518, 521.
Peucedaneæ, 496.
Peucedanum, 496.
Peyssonellia, 84.
Peziza, 115, 135, 159.
Pezizaceæ, 135.
Pezizales, 134.
Phacelia, 515.
Phacidiales, 133.
Phacidium, 133.
Phacotus, 48.
Phæophyceæ, 1, 14, 68.
Phæophyl, 68.
Phæosporeæ, 68.
Phæothamnion, 54.
Phagocytes, 41.
Phajus, 332.
Phalarideæ, 295.
Phalaris, 295.
Phallaceæ, 172.
Phalloideæ, 96, 145, 172.
Phallus, 172, 173.
Phanerogams, 3, 234, 236, 249.
Pharbitis, 516.
Pharus, 291, 293.
Phascum, 195.
Phaseoleæ, 470.
Phaseolus, 134, 469, 471, 473.
Phegopteris, 213, 214.
Phellodendron, 437.
Philadephus, 451, 455.
Phillyrea, 547.
Philodendron, 303, 305.
Philonotis, 197.
Phlebia, 163.
Phleum, 290, 294, 296.
Phloëm, 251.
Phlœospora, 70.
Phlomis, 538, 541.
Phlox, 515.
Phœniceæ, 299.
Phœnix, 298, 299, 301, 302.
Pholiota, 171.
Phormium, 312, 313, 314.
Phragmidium, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152.
Phragmites, 113, 131, 291, 294.
Phragmonema, 22, 25.
Phrynium, 327.
Phycocyan, 22, 77.
Phycoerythrin, 22, 77.
Phycomyces, 99.
Phycomycetes, 1, 5, 95, 96.
Phycophæin, 69.
Phycopyrrin, 16.
Phycoxanthin, 69.
Phylica, 448.
Phyllachora, 131.
Phyllactinia, 122.
Phyllactis, 560.
Phyllanthus, 431, 432.
Phyllitis, 70.
Phyllobium, 47, 51.
Phyllocactus, 377.
Phyllocladus, 260.
Phyllodia, 474.
Phyllodoce, 509.
Phylloglossum, 228.
Phyllophora, 83.
Phyllosiphon, 8.
Phyllosiphonaceæ, 47, 61.
Physalis, 521.
Physarum, 6, 8.
Physcia, 139, 143.
Physcomitrium, 188, 197.
Physiological varieties, 41.
Physoderma, 103.
Physostigma, 471, 473.
Phytelephantinæ, 301.
Phytelephas, 299, 301, 302.
Phyteuma, 562.
Phytoamœbæ, 10, 61.
Phytolacca, 372.
Phytolaccaceæ, 372.
Phytomyxa, 8.
Phytophthora, 101, 104, 105, 106.
Piassava, 297.
Picea, 124, 129, 132, 155, 165, 265.
Pichurim, 392.
Picraena, 438.
Picris, 571.
Picrotoxine, 390.
Pilacraceæ, 157.
Pilacre, 157.
Pilea, 353.
Pilobolus, 99, 100.
Pilostyles, 504.
Pilularia, 216, 220.
Pimelea, 449.
Pimenta, 489.
Pimento, 489.
Pimpernel, 513.
Pimpinell, 498.
Pimpinella, 494, 498.
Pine, 127, 153, 161, 165, 255, 263, 266.
Pine-apple, 320.
Pine-shoot Fungus, 152.
Pinellia, 305.
Pinguicula, 334, 528.
Pink, 367.
Pin-mould, 99.
Pinnularia, 19.
Pinus, 129, 132, 153, 155, 165, 264, 265, 266, 267, 272.
Pinoideæ, 256, 258, 259, 262.
Pipe-flower, 500.
Piper, 361, 363.
Piperaceæ, 361.
Pipereæ, 361.
Piptocephalidaceæ, 100.
Piptocephalis, 100.
Pircunia, 372.
Pisonia, 374.
Pistia, 306.
Pistacia, 439.
Pistil, 239.
Pistillaria, 161.
Pistillate, 236.
Pisum, 469, 470, 473.
Pitcairnia, 320.
Pitcher-plant, 409.
Pittosporaceæ, 451, 455.
Pittosporum, 455.
Placenta, 237, 241.
Placochromaticæ, 21.
Plagiochila, 189, 192.
Plagiothecium, 197.
Plagiotropideæ, 21.
Planera, 351.
“Plankton,” 15, 17, 20.
Planogametes, 12.
Plantago, 335, 530, 531, 536, 559.
Plantaginaceæ, 518, 530.
Plantain, 530.
Plasmodia, 4, 5, 7.
Plasmodiophora, 8.
Plasmodiophorales, 6.
Platanaceæ, 455.
Platanus, 456.
Platanthera, 332, 333.
Plate-cultures, 33.
Platonia, 414.
Platycerium, 213.
Platycodon, 562.
Platystemon, 395.
Plectonema, 24.
Plectranthus, 541.
Pleospora, 130.
Pleosporaceæ, 130.
Pleurandra, 413.
Pleuridium, 195.
Pleurocarpi, 197.
Pleurococcaceæ, 47, 51.
Pleurococcus, 10, 51, 138.
Pleurorhizæ. 400.
Pleurotænium, 44.
Pleurothallis, 332.
Pleurotus, 171.
Plocamium, 83.
Plum, 117, 164, 461, 462.
Plumbaginaceæ, 514.
Plumbago, 514.
Plumeria, 544.
Plumule, 247.
Pneumathodia, 267.
Poa, 287, 290, 294, 296.
“Pocket-plum,” 85.
“Pockets,” 117.
Pod, 466.
Pod-pepper, 522.
Podalyrieæ, 469.
Podocarpeæ, 260.
Podocarpus, 251, 255, 261, 272.
Podophyllum, 390.
Podosphæra, 120.
Podospora, 129.
Podostemaceæ, 451, 456.
Pogostemon, 541.
Poinciana, 468.
Point Caraway, 498.
Polanisia, 406.
Polemoniaceæ, 509, 515.
Polemonium, 515.
Polianthes, 318.
Pollinarium, 332.
Pollinia, 329.
Pollinodium, 100, 120.
Pollen-chamber, 251.
Pollen-grain, 240, 244, 245.
Pollen-sac, 235, 237, 240.
Pollen-tube, 244, 249.
Polycarpicæ, 377.
Polycystis, 24.
Polydinida, 16, 17, 18.
Polyembryony, 247.
Polygala, 442, 443.
Polygalaceæ, 442.
Polygamous, 236.
Polygonaceæ, 239, 359.
Polygonatum, 314, 316.
Polygonifloræ, 358.
Polygonum, 359, 360, 361.
Polyides, 84.
Polykrikos, 17.
Polypetalæ, 336.
Polyphagus, 103, 104.
Polypodiaceæ, 202, 205, 206, 209, 210, 212.
Polypodium, 207, 213.
Polyporaceæ, 163.
Polyporus, 163, 164, 165.
Polysiphonia, 79, 83.
Polystachya, 332.
Polystigma, 125, 127.
Polytrichaceæ, 197.
Polytrichum, 197.
Pomaceæ, 456, 462.
Pomaderris, 448.
Pomalo, 438.
Pomegranate, 488, 489.
Pomona-fungus, 171.
Pond-weed, 279.
Pontederia, 316.
Pontederiaceæ, 308, 316.
Poplar, 124, 164, 338.
Poppies, 394.
Populus, 152, 338.
Pore-fungus, 163.
Porogames, 273.
Poronia, 131.
Porphyra, 10, 78.
Porphyraceæ, 78.
Portulaca, 373.
Portulacaceæ, 373.
Posidonia, 281.
Potamogeton, 47, 278, 279.
Potamogetonaceæ, 278, 279.
Potato-fungus, 104, 107.
Potato-plant, 521, 522.
Potentilla, 458, 460.
Potentilleæ, 458.
Poterium, 460.
Pothos, 304.
Pottia, 196.
Pottiaceæ, 196.
Pouzolzia, 353.
Prasiola, 53.
Preissia, 191.
Preslia, 539.
Primrose, 512.
Primula, 511, 512, 513.
Primulaceæ, 239, 512, 514.
Primulinæ, 505, 511.
Pringsheimia, 54.
Prionium, 284.
Pritchardia, 298.
Priva, 535.
Privet, 547.
Procarpium, 81.
Proembryo, 64.
Profichi, 355.
Promycelium, 94, 146.
Pronucleus, 245.
Prorocentrum, 17, 18.
Protea, 450.
Proteaceæ, 450.
Prothallium, 198, 244, 248.
Secondary, 233.
Protistæ, 5.
Protium, 438.
Protobasidia, 144.
Protobasidiomycetes, 96, 145.
Protococcaceæ, 47, 48, 51.
Protococcoideæ, 8, 47.
Protomyces, 108.
Protomycetaceæ, 108.
Protonema, 181.
Provence oil, 547.
Prunella, 539.
Prunus, 117, 118, 127, 130, 152, 461, 462.
Psalliota, 167, 168, 169, 171.
Psamma, 295, 296.
Pseudophacidiaceæ, 133.
Pseudopodium, 10, 193.
Pseudotsuga, 264, 265, 266.
Psidium, 488, 489.
Psilotaceæ, 228.
Psilotum, 201, 228.
Psychotria, 550.
Ptelea, 437.
Pteridium, 131, 207, 213, 214.
Pteridophyta, 2, 198, 234.
Pterigynandrum, 197.
Pteris, 199, 203, 213, 214.
Pterisanthes, 445.
Pterocarpus, 473.
Pterocarya, 350.
Pterocephalus, 560.
Pterogoniaceæ, 197.
Pterogyne, 468.
Pterostegia, 360.
Pterygophyllum, 197.
Ptilidium, 192.
Ptilota, 84.
Ptychogaster, 166.
Puccinia, 147, 148, 149, 150.
Puff-ball, 174.
Pulmonaria, 533, 534.
Pulque, 318.
Pulsatilla, 384.
Pumpkin, 480, 481.
Punctaria, 70.
Punica, 483, 488, 489, 490.
Puniceæ, 488.
Puschkinia, 312.
Putrefaction, 32.
Puya, 319.
Pycnidia, 89.
Pylaiella, 70.
Pyrenoid, 46.
Pyrenolichenes, 142.
Pyrenomycetes, 95, 116, 118, 125.
Pyrenula, 142.
Pyrethrum, 572, 574.
Pyrola, 334, 506, 507.
Pyrolaceæ, 506.
Pyrrophyl, 16.
Pyrus, 152, 463.
Pythium, 101, 106.

Quaking-grass, 294, 296.
Quassia, 438, 439.
Quassine, 438.
Quercifloræ, 337, 340.
Quercitron-wood, 348.
Quercus, 341, 346, 347, 348, 504.
Quillaja, 457, 460.
Quillajeæ, 457.
Quill-wort, 230.
Quince, 464, 465.
Quinchamalium, 500.
Quinine, 550, 553.

Racomitrium, 197.
Radiatæ, 571.
Radicle, 247.
Radiola, 418.
Radiolarias, 9.
Radish, 403, 404, 405.
Radula, 192.
Rafflesia, 504.
Rafflesiaceæ, 499, 504.
Raisins, 447.
Rajania, 323.
Ralfsia, 71.
Ralfsiaceæ, 71.
Ramalina, 143.
Ramenta, 209.
Ramié, 353.
Rampion, 562.
Randia, 550.
Ranunculaceæ, 278, 378.
Ranunculeæ, 383.
Ranunculus, 151, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384.
Rapateaceæ, 308.
Rape, 404.
Raphanus, 400, 403.
Raphia, 301.
Raphidium, 51.
Raphiolepis, 463, 465.
Raspberry, 459, 460, 461.
Ravenala, 325.
Ray-flowers, 567.
Reboulia, 191.
Receptacle, 210.
Red Algæ, 1.
Red-beet, 372.
Red-cabbage, 405.
Red-clover, 466, 517.
Red-currant, 455.
Red-pine, 264, 266.
“Red-rot,” 164, 166.
Red Sandalwood, 473.
Red Seaweeds, 4, 77.
Red Snow, 48.
Red-strip, 165.
Red-tree, 468.
Reed, 151, 294.
Reed-mace, 303.
Reindeer Moss, 141.
Reineckea, 314.
Remijia, 550, 553.
Renealmia, 326.
Replum, 398.
Reseda, 407.
Resedaceæ, 406.
Resin, 266.
Rest-harrow, 471.
Restiaceæ, 309.
Restio, 309.
Restrepia, 332.
Retama, 472.
Reticularia, 8.
Retinospora, 268.
Rhamnaceæ, 447, 449.
Rhamnus, 151, 448.
Rhaphidophora, 305.
Rhatany, 468.
Rheum, 151, 359, 360.
Rhinanthaceæ, 153.
Rhinantheæ, 525, 526.
Rhinanthus, 526.
Rhingia, 320.
Rhipidium, 320.
Rhipsalis, 375, 376, 377.
Rhizidiaceæ, 103.
Rhizoboleæ, 415.
Rhizocarpeæ, 205, 215.
Rhizoclonium, 58.
Rhizoids, 4, 10.
Rhizomorpha, 169, 170.
Rhizopaceæ, 99.
Rhizophora, 482, 486, 487, 513.
Rhizophoraceæ, 482, 486.
Rhizophyllidaceæ, 84.
Rhizophyllis, 84.
Rhizopods, 5.
Rhizopogon, 175, 176.
Rhizopus, 99.
Rhizosolenia, 20.
Rhodanthe, 573.
Rhodiola, 451, 452.
Rhodochiton, 525.
Rhododendron, 161, 508.
Rhodomela, 83.
Rhodomelaceæ, 83.
Rhodophyceæ, 1, 14, 77.
Rhodophyll, 77.
Rhodophyllidaceæ, 83.
Rhodophyllis, 83.
Rhodoraceæ, 335, 508.
Rhodotypus, 457.
Rhodymenia, 83, 84.
Rhodymeniaceæ, 83.
Rhodymeniales, 82, 84.
Rhœadinæ, 393.
Rhopographus, 131.
Rhubarb, 359.
Rhus, 439.
Rhynchosia, 471.
Rhynchospora, 285, 286.
Rhytisma, 132.
Ribbon-grass, 296, 296.
Ribes, 121, 152, 153, 241, 454, 455.
Ribesiaceæ, 454.
Rib-grass, 530.
Riccia, 186, 189, 190.
Ricciaceæ, 190.
Rice, 291, 293, 296.
Richardia, 305.
Richardsonia, 550.
Ricinus, 431.
Riella, 192, 231.
Ringworm, 180.
Rivina, 372.
Rivularia, 10, 25.
Rivulariaceæ, 22, 24, 25.
Robinia, 470, 473.
Roccella, 142.
Rock-cress, 402.
Rock-rose, 412.
Rod-bacteria, 39.
Roestelia, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153.
Roman spinach, 372.
Roots, 4.
“Ropiness,” 35.
Rosa, 148, 459, 460.
Rosaceæ, 451, 457.
Rose, 121.
Rose-mallow, 428.
Rose of Jericho, 401, 574.
Roseæ, 459.
Rosellinia, 130.
Rosemary, 540.
Oil of, 541.
Rosifloræ, 456, 466.
Rosmarinus, 536, 540, 541.
Rostellum, 329, 332.
Rotang, 298.
Royal-fern, 209, 215.
Rubeæ, 458.
Rubia, 551, 552, 553.
Rubiaceæ, 542, 546, 548, 549, 553.
Rubiales, 490, 505, 548, 556, 564.
Rubus, 458, 460, 461.
Rudbeckia, 572.
Ruellia, 530.
Rulingia, 422.
Rumex, 151, 359, 360.
Ruppia, 278, 279.
Ruscus, 316.
Rush, 283, 284.
Russula, 171.
Russulei, 171.
Rust of Wheat, 148.
Rusts, 146.
“Rust spots,” 130.
Ruta, 436.
Rutaceæ, 436.
Ruteæ, 436.
Rye, 125, 151.
Rye-grass, 295, 296.
Rye-stem blight, 113.

Sabal, 300.
Sabaleæ, 299.
Saccharomyces, 177, 178.
Saccharomyces-forms, 176.
Saccharum, 293.
Safflower, 574.
Saffron, 321.
Sagina, 364, 365, 366.
Sagittaria, 281, 282.
Sago, 254.
Sago-palm, 298.
Sainfoin, 472, 473.
“Salep,” 333.
Salicaceæ, 338.
Salicin, 339.
Salicifloræ, 337.
Salicornia, 369, 371, 503.
Salicornieæ, 371.
Salisburia, 259.
Salix, 122, 337, 338.
Salpiglossis, 521.
Salsafy, 574.
Salsola, 370, 371, 372.
Salsoleæ, 370.
Saltpetre formation, 35.
Saltwort, 370.
Salvadora, 547.
Salvadoraceæ, 542, 547.
Salvia, 536, 540, 541.
Salvinia, 201, 216, 217, 218, 245.
Salviniaceæ, 210, 218.
Sambuceæ, 555, 557.
Sambucus, 156, 553, 555.
Samolus, 513.
Samydaceæ, 476.
Sandalwood, 473, 500.
Sandarack resin, 269.
Sand-box tree, 432.
Sand-star, 287.
Sanguinaria, 395.
Sanguisorba, 460.
Sanicula, 493.
Sannicle, 493.
Sanseviera, 320.
Santalaceæ, 500.
Santalum, 500.
Santolina, 572.
Sapindaceæ, 440.
Sapindus, 441.
Saponaria, 368.
Saponin, 460.
Sapotaceæ, 510.
Saprolegnia, 102, 107, 108.
Saprolegniaceæ, 107.
Saprophytes, 5.
Sapucaia-nuts, 489.
Saranthe, 327.
Sarcina, 27, 28, 38.
Sarcophyte, 504.
Sargassum, 4, 10, 73, 75.
Sarothamnus, 472.
Sarracenia, 409.
Sarraceniaceæ, 408.
Sarsaparilla, 316.
Sassafras, 392.
Satureia, 540, 541.
Satureieæ, 539.
Saurureæ, 362.
Saururus, 362.
Saussurea, 570.
Sauvagesieæ, 411.
Saw-wort, 570.
Saxifraga, 161, 452.
Saxifragaceæ, 451, 452.
Saxifrage, 452.
Saxifraginæ, 451, 555.
Scabiosa, 558, 559, 560.
Scævola, 564.
Scale-leaves, 235.
Scammony, 517.
Scandiceæ, 495.
Scandix, 495.
Scapania, 192.
Scarlet-runner, 473.
Scenedesmus, 51.
Scheuchzeria, 278.
Schistostega, 196, 197.
Schistostegaceæ, 197.
Schizæa, 215.
Schizæaceæ, 210, 215.
Schizanthus, 521.
Schizocarp, 492.
Schizocarpeæ, 195.
Schizochlamys, 51.
Schizomeris, 53.
Schizomycetes, 26, 33.
Schizopetaleæ, 404.
Schizopetalum, 402.
Schizophyceæ, 8, 10, 23, 26.
Schizophyllum, 171.
Schizophyta, 1, 14, 19, 22, 24.
Schœnocaulon, 310.
Schœnoxiphium, 287.
Schœnus, 286.
Schwendenerian Theory, 139.
Sciadium, 51.
Sciadopitys, 267.
Scilla, 312, 314.
Scirpeæ, 285.
Scirpus, 285, 286, 287.
Scirrhia, 131.
Scitamineæ, 276, 278, 323, 328.
Scitonemaceæ, 22, 24, 25, 27.
Scleranthus, 365, 367.
Scleria, 286.
Scleroderma, 175.
Sclerodermataceæ, 175.
Sclerotinia, 116, 134, 135.
Sclerotium, 87, 127.
Scolopendrium, 213, 214.
Scoparia, 525.
Scopolia, 519, 521.
Scorodosma, 496.
Scorzonera, 571, 574.
Scotch Fir, 259, 266.
Scotinosphæra, 47, 51.
Screw Pine, 302.
Scrophularia, 524, 526.
Scrophulariaceæ, 518, 521, 522, 527.
Scutellaria, 536, 539.
Scutellum, 293.
Scyballium, 504.
Scytonema, 22, 26, 176.
Scytonemaceæ, 25.
Sea-holly, 493.
Sea-kale, 403, 405.
Sea-lavender, 514.
Sea-milkwort, 513.
Seaweed, 4.
Sea-wormwood, 574.
Sebacina, 156.
Secale, 127, 295, 296.
cornutum, 127.
Sechium, 481.
“Sedimentary-yeast,” 178.
Sedum, 451, 452.
Seed, 247, 248, 249.
Seguieria, 372.
Selaginaceæ, 532, 541.
Selaginella, 200, 203, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 245, 254.
Selaginellaceæ, 231.
Selaginelleæ, 205, 228.
Selago, 541.
Selenastrum, 51.
Selenipedilum, 329, 330.
Seligeria, 196.
Seligeriaceæ, 196.
Semele, 316.
Sempervivum, 151, 451, 452.
Senebiera, 400, 401.
Senecio, 566, 569, 572, 573.
Senecioneæ, 572.
Senna, 468.
Sepals, 235.
Sequoia, 267, 272.
Serapias, 332.
Serjania, 441.
Serratula, 570, 574.
Serum, 33.
Service-tree, 465.
Sesamum, 529.
Seseli, 495.
Seselineæ, 495.
Sesleria, 294.
Sesuvium, 375.
Seta, 186.
Setaria, 295.
Sexual reproduction, 11.
Sheep-seaweed, 84.
Shellac, 356, 434.
Shepherdia, 450.
Shepherd’s-needle, 495.
Shepherd’s-purse, 401.
Sherardia, 552.
“Sichel,” 284.
“Sickle,” 284.
Sicyos, 481.
Sida, 428, 430.
Sideritis, 538.
Sideroxylon, 511.
Sigillariaceæ, 233.
Silaus, 495.
Sileneæ, 367.
Silene, 367.
Siler, 495.
Siliceous earth, 20.
Siliculosæ angustiseptæ, 401.
latiseptæ, 400.
Siliqua, 398.
Siliquosæ, 402.
Silk-cotton, 427.
Silphium, 498, 572.
Silver-leaf, 450.
Silybum, 567, 570.
Simaba, 439.
Simaruba, 439.
Simarubaceæ, 438.
Sinapeæ, 404.
Sinapis, 400, 402.
Siphocampylos, 563.
Siphoneæ, 4, 9, 47, 59.
Siphonia, 434.
Siphonocladus, 62.
Sirosiphoniaceæ, 22, 24, 26.
Sisal hemp, 318.
Sisymbriinæ, 404.
Sisymbrium, 399, 402, 410.
Sisyrinchium, 321.
Sium, 494, 498.
Skimmia, 437.
Skull-cap, 539.
Slime-fungi, 1, 4, 5.
Sloe, 461, 462.
Sloth, 8, 356.
Smilaceæ, 316.
Smilacina, 314.
Smilax, 315, 316.
“Smut,” 113, 130.
Smut-fungi, 114.
Snake cucumber, 481.
Snapdragon, 523, 524.
Snowberry, 554.
Snowdrop, 317.
Soapwort, 368.
Soft-grass, 296.
Soja, 471.
Solanaceæ, 514, 518, 520, 522.
Solanine, 522.
Solanum, 238, 521, 522.
Soldanella, 513.
Solenia, 162.
Solidago, 573.
Sollya, 455.
Solomon’s seal, 314.
Sonchus, 153, 571.
Sophora, 469.
Sophoreæ, 469.
Sorbus, 152, 465.
Sordaria, 129.
Sordariaceæ, 129.
Soredia, 141.
Sorghum, 296.
Sori, 205.
Sorocea, 356.
Sorrel, 361.
Southernwood, 574.
Sow-thistle, 571.
Spadicifloræ, 277, 297.
Spadix, 297.
Sparassis, 161.
Sparaxis, 321.
Sparganium, 302, 303.
Sparmannia, 425.
Spartium, 472.
Spathe, 297.
Spathicarpa, 306.
Spathulea, 136.
Spearmint, 541.
Specularia, 562.
Speedwell, 525.
Spergula, 366.
Spergularia, 366.
Spermacoce, 550.
Spermacoceæ, 550.
Spermagonia, 116.
Spermaphyta, 3.
Spermatangia, 81.
Spermatia, 13, 76, 77, 141, 146.
Spermatochnaceæ, 71.
Spermatochnus, 71.
Spermatozoid, 13, 183.
Sperm-nucleus, 245.
Spermocarp, 58.
Spermogonia, 89, 141, 146, 147, 149.
Spermothamnion, 84.
Sphacelaria, 70.
Sphacelariaceæ, 70.
Sphacelia, 125, 126.
Sphacelotheca, 110.
Sphæralcea, 430.
Sphærella, 48, 130.
Sphærellaceæ, 130.
Sphæriales, 129.
Sphærobolaceæ, 173.
Sphærobolus, 173.
Sphærocarpus, 191, 192.
Sphærococcaceæ, 83.
Sphærophorus, 142.
Sphæroplea, 13, 14, 58.
Sphæropleaceæ, 47, 58.
Sphærotheca, 120, 121.
Sphærozosma, 44.
Sphagneæ, 193.
Sphagnum, 186, 188, 192, 194, 195, 197.
Sphenogyne, 566.
Sphenophyllaceæ, 233.
Sphinctrina, 140.
Spigelia, 546.
Spikelet, 285, 287, 289.
Spikes, 285.
Spilanthes, 572.
Spinach, 371.
Spinacia, 371, 372.
Spindle-tree, 444.
Spiræa, 151, 451, 456, 457, 460.
Spiræeæ, 457.
Spiranthes, 331.
Spirilla, 27.
Spirillum, 30.
Spirochætæ, 27.
Spirochæte, 28, 38, 40.
Spirodela, 307.
Spirogyra, 44, 45.
Spirolobeæ, 371, 400.
Spirotænia, 44.
Spirulina, 24.
Splachnaceæ, 197.
Splachnum, 196, 197.
Spondias, 439.
Sponges, 8.
Sporangia, 239.
Sporangial-layers, 88.
Sporangiocarp, 88.
Sporangio-fructification, 87.
Sporangiophore, 88.
Spores, 10.
Liberation and Distribution of, 91.
Germination of, 93.
Sporidia, 112.
Sporobolus, 295.
Sporocarp, 205, 219.
Sporochnaceæ, 71.
Sporochnus, 71.
Sporogonium, 186.
Sporophylls, 223, 235, 236.
Sporophyte, 181, 186.
Spring-spores, 147.
Spumaria, 8.
Spurge, 431, 432.
Spurge-laurel, 449.
Spurry, 366.
Squamariacæ, 84.
“Squills,” 314.
Squirting cucumber, 480.
Stachydeæ, 538.
Stachys, 538, 541.
Stachytarpheta, 535.
Staehelina, 570.
Stag-truffle, 124.
Stalk, 186.
Stamen, 235, 236.
Staminate, 236.
Stangeria, 253, 254.
Stanhopea, 332.
Stanleyinæ, 404.
Stapelia, 546.
Staphylea, 440.
Staphyleaceæ, 440.
Staphylococcus, 39.
Star-aniseed, 389.
Statice, 514.
Staurastrum, 42, 43, 44.
Steenhammera, 533.
Stegocarpeæ, 195.
Stellaria, 364, 365, 366.
Stellatæ, 550, 552, 553.
Stemless Plants, 1.
Stemonitis, 7, 8.
Stephanospermum, 272.
Stephanosphæra, 48.
Sterculia, 422.
Sterculiaceæ, 422.
Stereocaulon, 143.
Stereum, 162.
Sterigmata, 144, 146.
Sterilization, 32.
Sticta, 134, 137, 143.
Stictidaceæ, 133.
Stictidales, 133.
Stictis, 133.
Stigeoclonium, 54.
Stigma, 3, 250.
Stigmaria, 233.
Stigonema, 26, 142.
Stilbaceæ, 532, 541.
Stilbe, 541.
Stillingia, 434.
Stilophora, 71.
Stilophoraceæ, 71.
Stinkbrand, 113.
Stink-horn, 172, 173.
Stipa, 291, 294, 296.
Stitchwort, 366.
St. John’s-wort, 413.
Stock, 402, 405.
Stonebrand, 113.
Stonecrop, 451.
Stone-wort, 1, 14.
Stork’s-bill, 419.
Stratiotes, 282.
Strawberry, 458.
Strawberry-tree, 508.
Strelitzia, 325.
Streptocarpus, 528.
Streptochæta, 290.
Streptococcus, 39.
Streptopus, 314.
Striaria, 70.
Striariaceæ, 70.
Strickeria, 129, 130.
Stroma, 88.
Stromanthe, 327.
Strophanthus, 544.
Struthiopteris, 209, 214, 254.
Struvea, 9, 62.
Strychnine, 546.
Strychnos, 546.
Sturmia, 332.
Stylar-column, 328.
-brush, 567.
Style, 250.
Stylidiaceæ, 564.
Stylidium, 564.
Stylochrysalis, 15.
Stylopod, 492.
Styphelia, 509.
Styracaceæ, 511.
Styrax, 511.
Styrax-balsam, 455.
Subhymenial layer, 167.
Subularia, 393, 399, 400, 401.
Succisa, 517.
Sugar-beet, 372.
Sugar-cane, 289, 293, 296.
Sugar-root, 498.
Sulphur-bacteria, 37, 38.
Sumach, 439.
Summer-spores, 147.
Sundew, 407.
Sun-flower, 572.
Sunn hemp, 473.
“Surface yeast,” 178.
Surirayeæ, 21.
Suspensor, 233, 246, 247.
Swamp cypress, 267.
Swarmspores, 10, 87.
Swede, 405.
Sweet Cicely, 498.
Sweet-flag, 303.
Sweet-gale, 351.
Sweet oil, 547.
Sweet-pea, 470.
Sweet-potato, 517.
Sweet-vernal, 295, 296.
Swertia, 542.
Swietenia, 436.
Swine’s-succory, 571.
Sycamore, 133, 442.
Symbiosis, 85.
Sympetalæ, 336, 504.
Symphoricarpus, 554, 556.
Symphyandra, 562.
Symphyllodium, 257.
Symphytopleura, 387.
Symphytum, 533, 535.
Symploca, 24.
Synalissa, 139.
Synandrium, 306.
Synangium, 212.
Syncarp, 278.
Syncephalis, 100.
Synchytrieæ, 103.
Synchytrium, 103.
Syncrypta, 15.
Synedra, 21.
Synergidæ, 248.
Syngeneticæ, 1, 14, 15, 17, 48.
Syngonium, 306.
Synura, 15.
Syringa, 455, 546, 547, 550.
Systegium, 196.
Systematic division of the Algæ, 14.
of Filices, 210.
of Fungi, 95.
of Monocotyledons, 277.
of Thallophytes, 4.
of Vascular Cryptogams, 204.

Tabellaria, 19.
Tabellarieæ, 21.
Tabernæmontana, 544.
Taccarum, 306.
Tacona, 284.
Tagetes, 564, 572.
Takamahaka, 438.
Talinum, 373.
Talipot, 298.
Tallow-tree, 434.
Tamaricaceæ, 411.
Tamarind, 466, 468.
Tamarindus, 467.
Tamarisk, 411.
Tamarix, 411, 412.
Tamus, 323.
Tanacetum, 572, 574.
Tanghinia, 544.
Tannin, 490.
Tansy, 572.
Tapetum, 203, 239, 240.
Taphrina, 116, 117, 118.
Taphrinaceæ, 116.
Tapioca, 434.
Tar, 266.
Taraxacum, 571, 566, 574.
Targionia, 191.
Tassel Pond-weed, 279.
Taxaceæ, 259, 272.
Taxeæ, 261.
Taxodiaceæ, 257, 267, 272.
Taxodium, 267.
Taxoideæ, 258, 259.
Taxus, 237, 238, 255, 257, 259, 261, 262, 272.
Tea, 415.
Tea-plant, False, 521.
Tea-rose, 460.
Teak-tree, 535.
Tear-Fungus, 166.
Teasel, 494, 558, 560.
Tecoma, 529.
Tectona, 535.
Teesdalia, 398, 401.
Telegraph-plant, 466.
Teleutospores, 146.
Tellima, 452.
Terebinthinæ, 435.
Terfezia, 124.
Terminalia, 487.
Ternstrœmiaceæ, 414.
Testa, 247, 248.
Testudinaria, 323.
Tetmemorus, 44.
Tetracyclicæ, 505, 514.
Tetradynamia, 398.
Tetragonia, 375.
Tetragonolobus, 471.
Tetraphis, 195, 196, 197.
Tetrapoma, 400.
Tetrapteris, 442.
Tetraspora, 51.
Tetrasporaceæ, 47, 48, 51.
Tetraspores, 10, 76.
Teucrium, 567.
Thalassia, 283.
Thalia, 327.
Thalictrum, 379, 385.
Thallophyta, 1, 4.
Thallus, 1, 4.
Thamnidiaceæ, 99.
Thamnidium, 100.
Thea, 414, 415.
Thecaphora, 110, 114.
Thëin, 374.
Thelebolaceæ, 109.
Thelebolus, 109, 120.
Thelephora, 162, 176.
Thelephoraceæ, 162.
Thelygonum, 372.
Thelypodieæ, 404.
Theobroma, 422, 423.
Theobromine, 423.
Theophrasta, 513.
Thesium, 500.
Thistle, 569.
Thladiantha, 481.
Thlaspi, 400, 401, 402.
Thomasia, 422.
Thorn-apple, 520.
Thottea, 499.
Thrift, 514.
Thrinax, 300.
Thrush, 180.
Thuidium, 197.
Thuja, 241, 268.
Thujopsis, 269.
Thunbergia, 530.
Thyme, 539, 541.
Thymelæa, 449.
Thymelæaceæ, 449.
Thymelæinæ, 448.
Thymus, 537, 539, 541.
Tiaridium, 533.
Tibouchina, 484.
Ticorea, 437.
Tigridia, 321.
Tilia, 424, 425.
Tiliaceæ, 423.
Tillandsia, 320.
Tilletia, 111, 112, 113.
Tilletiaceæ, 110, 113.
Tilopteridaceæ, 72.
Tilopteris, 72.
Timothy-grass, 294, 296.
Tinnantia, 308.
Tmesipteris, 228.
Toad-flax, 525.
Toad-rush, 284.
Toadstools, 159, 166.
Tobacco, 520, 529.
Virginian, 522.
Toddalieæ, 437.
Todea, 203.
Tofieldia, 310.
Tofieldieæ, 310.
Tolu, Balsam of, 473.
Toluifera, 473.
Tolypella, 67.
Tolypellopsis, 67.
Tolyposporium, 110.
Tolypothrix, 26.
Tomato, 521.
Tomentella, 161.
Tomentellaceæ, 161.
Tonquin-bean, 466, 472.
Tooth-wort, 526.
Tordylium, 496.
Torenia, 525.
Torilis, 497.
Torreya, 262, 272.
Touchwood, 164.
Tournefortia, 533.
Trabeculæ, 231.
Tracheides, 251.
Trachylobium, 468.
Tradescantia, 308.
Trama, 167, 174.
Trametes, 164, 165.
Tragacanth, Gum, 473.
Tragopogon, 113, 564, 571, 574.
Trapa, 485, 486.
Travellers’ Palm, 325.
Tremandraceæ, 442.
Tremella, 156, 157, 159.
Tremellaceæ, 146, 156.
Trentepohlia, 8, 54.
Tribulus, 438.
Trichia, 8.
Trichocoma, 176.
Trichodesmium, 22.
Trichogyne, 58, 81.
Tricholoma, 168, 171.
Trichomanes, 206, 215.
Trichophilus, 8, 54.
Trichosanthes, 481.
Trichosphæria, 129, 130.
Trichosphæriaceæ, 129.
Trichostomum, 196.
Tricoccæ, 430.
Tricyrtis, 310.
Trientalis, 512, 513.
Trifolieæ, 471.
Trifolium, 469, 471, 473.
Triglochin, 278, 279.
Trigoniaceæ, 442.
Trillium, 314.
Triodia, 294.
Triphasia, 438.
Triphragmium, 147, 151.
Triplaris, 361.
Triteleia, 312.
Triticum, 288, 295, 296.
Tritonia, 321.
Triumfetta, 424, 425.
Trollius, 379, 381.
Tropæolaceæ, 419.
Tropæolum, 420.
True Ferns, 204, 205.
True Laurels, 391.
True Mosses, 192.
Truffles, 124.
Trumpet-tree, 356.
Trumpet-wood, 529.
Tryblidiaceæ, 133.
Tryblidiales, 133.
Tryblidium, 133.
Tsuga, 265, 266.
Tuber, 124.
Tuberaceæ, 124.
Tubercles, 8, 466.
Tubercularia, 127.
Tuberose, 318.
Tubifloræ, 505, 514, 532.
Tuburcinia, 110, 111, 113.
Tulip, 312.
Tulipa, 312, 314.
Tulipeæ, 312.
Tupa, 563.
Turkish-millet, 296.
Turmeric, 326.
Turneraceæ, 476.
Turnip, 405.
Turpentine, 266, 439.
Turritinæ, 404.
Tussilago, 151, 569, 571, 574.
Tydæa, 528.
Tylostoma, 174.
Tylostomaceæ, 174.
Typha, 302, 303.
Typhaceæ, 302.
Typhula, 161.

Ulex, 472.
Ullucus, 371, 372.
Ulmaceæ, 351.
Ulmeæ, 351.
Ulmus, 351.
Ulothricaceæ, 47, 53.
Ulothrix, 12, 14, 53, 54.
Ulva, 10, 53.
Ulvaceæ, 47, 53.
Umbelliferæ, 491.
Umbellifloræ, 490.
Umbilicaria, 143.
Umbilicus, 451.
Uncaria, 553.
Uncinia, 287.
Uncinula, 122.
Upas-tree, 356.
Urare, 546.
Uredinaceæ, 145, 146.
Uredo, 148.
Urena, 428.
Ureneæ, 428.
Urginea, 312, 314.
Urocystis, 113.
Uroglena, 15.
Uromyces, 148, 151.
Urophlyctis, 103.
Urospora, 58.
Urtica, 134, 151, 351, 353.
Urticaceæ, 352.
Urticifloræ, 351.
Usnea, 143.
Ustilaginaceæ, 110, 113.
Ustilagineæ, 109.
Ustilago, 111, 113.
Ustulina, 131.
Utricularia, 527, 528.
Utriculariaceæ, 518, 527.
Utriculus, 287.
Uvularia, 310.

Vaccines, 41.
Vacciniaceæ, 451, 508, 509.
Vaccinium, 134, 160, 161, 509, 510.
Vaginula, 189.
Vahea, 544.
Vaillantia, 552.
Valeriana, 557, 558.
Valerianaceæ, 549, 556.
Valerianella, 557, 558.
Vallisneria, 282, 283.
Valloons, 348.
Vallota, 318.
Valonia, 59, 62.
Valoniaceæ, 47, 62.
Valsa, 130.
Valsaceæ, 130.
Vanda, 332.
Vandellia, 525.
Vandeæ, 332.
Vanilla, 331, 333.
Vascular Cryptogams, 2, 198, 240.
Isosporous, 200.
Heterosporous, 200.
Vateria, 415.
Vaucheria, 10, 33, 61.
Vaucheriaceæ, 47, 60.
Vegetable-ivory, 301, 302.
Vegetable-silk, 545.
Velamen, 332.
Vella, 400.
Vellinæ, 404.
Vellosia, 318.
Vellosieæ, 318.
Ve11theimia, 312.
Velum partiale, 167, 168.
universale, 167.
Venter, 184.
Ventral-canal-cell, 185.
Venturia, 130.
Veratreæ, 310.
Veratrin, 311.
Veratrum, 310, 311.
Verbascum, 523, 525, 527.
Verbena, 535.
Verbenaceæ, 532, 535, 537.
Vernonia, 571.
Veronica, 335, 523, 525, 526, 527, 530, 536, 559.
Verpa, 136.
Verrucaria, 140, 142.
Vesicaria, 400.
Vetch, 470.
Vibriones, 27.
Viburnum, 455, 553, 555, 556.
Vicia, 469, 470, 473.
Vicieæ, 469, 470.
Victoria, 386, 387.
Vigna, 471.
Vinca, 544.
Vincetoxicum, 155, 546.
Vine, 121, 444.
Vinegar-bacterium, 31, 32, 35.
Viola, 410, 411.
Violaceæ, 410.
Violets, 114, 410.
Violet-stone, 54.
Viper’s-bugloss, 533.
Virginian-creeper, 447.
Viscaria, 364, 367.
Viscoideæ, 501.
Viscum, 501, 502, 504.
Vismia, 414.
Vitex, 535.
Vitis, 445, 446, 447.
Vochysiaceæ, 442.
Volkmannia, 225.
Volva, 167.
Volvaria, 171.
Volvocaceæ, 14, 47, 48.
Volvox, 48, 50.
Vomic nut, 546.
“Vorblatt,” 275.

Wahlenbergia, 562.
Wallflower, 402, 405.
Wall-lichen, 143.
Wall-rue, 213.
Walnut, 165, 349, 350.
Water-cress, 402, 405.
Water-dropwort, 498.
Water-ferns, 205, 215.
Water-fungi, 96.
Water-hyssop, 525.
Water-lilies, 385.
Water-melon, 481.
Water-milfoil, 486.
Water-net, 52.
Water-purslane, 483.
Water-soldier, 282.
Water-wort, 413.
Water-violet, 512.
Wax-flower, 546.
Weberia, 197.
Weigelia, 554.
Weingærtneria, 294.
Weisia, 196.
Weisiaceæ, 196.
Wellingtonia, 267.
Welwitschia, 270, 271.
“Wendungszellen,” 67.
West-Indian arrowroot, 327.
Weymouth Pine, 266, 267.
Wheat, 113, 291, 292, 295, 296.
Wheat-grain, 292.
Wheat, seedling of, 292.
White-beam, 465.
White Bryony, 481.
White-cabbage, 405.
White-mustard, 405.
White Pine, 266.
White-pepper, 363.
White-rot, 164, 165.
White Water-lily, 387.
Whitlavia, 515.
Whortleberry, 509.
Wig-tree, 439.
Wild Basil, 540.
Wild Cabbage, 404.
Willow, 124, 133, 338.
Willow-herb, 484.
Winter-aconite, 382.
Winter-cherry, 521.
Winter-cress, 402.
Winter-green, 507.
Winter-spores, 146.
Wistaria, 470, 473.
Witches’-brooms, 85, 117, 155.
Woad, 403, 405.
Wolffia, 307.
Wood, 251.
Wood-rush, 284.
Wood-sorrel, 416.
Woodruff, 552, 553.
Woodsia, 214.
Wormwood, 572, 574.
Woundwort, 538.

Xanthellaceæ, 15.
Xanthidium, 44.
Xanthium, 569, 573.
Xanthorhiza, 379, 383.
Xanthorrhæa, 312.
Xeranthemum, 566, 570.
Xerotes, 312.
Xylaria, 131.
Xylariaceæ, 131.
Xylem, 251.
Xylopia, 388.
Xylophylla, 431, 432.
Xylosteum, 554.
Xyridaceæ, 308.

Yam, 323.
Yeast-formation, 94.
Yeast-fungi, 31, 36.
Yellow bird’s-nest, 507.
Yellow-rattle, 525, 526.
Yellow Water-lily, 387.
Yellow-wort, 543.
Yew, 259, 261, 266.
Ylang-ylang, 388.
Yorkshire-fog, 294, 296.
Yucca, 312, 313, 316.

Zamia, 253.
Zannardinia, 12, 72.
Zannichellia, 278, 279.
Zantedeschia, 305, 306.
Zanthoxyleæ, 436.
Zanthoxylum, 436.
Zea, 290, 293.
Zelkova, 351.
Zingiber, 326.
Zingiberaceæ, 277, 323, 325.
Zinnia, 572.
Zizania, 293.
Zizyphus, 448.
Zoochlorella, 9.
Zoogametes, 12.
Zooglœa, 27.
Zoogonicæ, 68, 70.
Zoosporangia, 10.
Zoospores, 10, 87.
Zooxantella, 9.
Zostera, 279, 280, 306, 316.
Zostereæ, 278.
Zygadenus, 310.
Zygochytriaceæ, 103.
Zygomorphy, 277.
Zygomycetes, 95, 96.
Zygophyllaceæ, 438.
Zygophyllum, 438.
Zygospore, 12.
Zygote, 12.
Zygnema, 44, 45.
Zygnemaceæ, 44.

A handbook of systematic botany

About This Book

INDEX.