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A History of Art in Ancient Egypt, Vol. 2 (of 2)

Chapter 1: A HISTORY OF ART IN ANCIENT EGYPT.
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The volume surveys ancient Egyptian civil and military architecture, explaining the pictorial conventions used to represent buildings and reconstructing palaces, houses, and fortifications from tomb reliefs. It examines construction methods, materials, arches, supports and the characteristic Egyptian orders, colonnade arrangements, doors, windows, illumination, obelisks and the practice of architects. Subsequent sections trace the development and techniques of sculpture across major periods, bas-relief method, gem engraving and prevailing stylistic conventions. Chapters on painting address technical processes, figure representation, caricature and ornament. The industrial arts are treated in sections on glass, pottery, metalwork, jewelry and woodwork, followed by discussion of commerce and the general qualities that define Egyptian art.

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Title: A History of Art in Ancient Egypt, Vol. 2 (of 2)

Author: Georges Perrot

Charles Chipiez

Translator: Sir Walter Armstrong

Release date: July 7, 2012 [eBook #40149]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Albert László, Matthew Wheaton and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF ART IN ANCIENT EGYPT, VOL. 2 (OF 2) ***

A HISTORY OF ART IN ANCIENT EGYPT.

A HISTORY OF ART IN ANCIENT EGYPT

 

FROM THE FRENCH
OF
GEORGES PERROT,
PROFESSOR IN THE FACULTY OF LETTERS, PARIS; MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE
AND
CHARLES CHIPIEZ.

 

ILLUSTRATED WITH FIVE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHT ENGRAVINGS IN THE TEXT, AND FOURTEEN STEEL AND COLOURED PLATES.

 

IN TWO VOLUMES.—VOL. II.

 

TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY
WALTER ARMSTRONG, B. A., Oxon.,
AUTHOR OF "ALFRED STEVENS," ETC.

 

London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, Limited.
New York: A. C. ARMSTRONG AND SON.
1883.

 

London:
R. Clay, Sons, and Taylor,
BREAD STREET HILL.


CONTENTS.

PAGE
  CHAPTER I.
  CIVIL AND MILITARY ARCHITECTURE.
§ 1. The Graphic Processes employed by the Egyptians in their representations of Buildings 1-8
§ 2. The Palace 8-26
§ 3. The Egyptian House 26-38
§ 4. Military Architecture 38-50
 
CHAPTER II.
  METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION, THE ORDERS, SECONDARY FORMS.
§ 1. An Analysis of Architectural Forms necessary 51-52
§ 2. Materials 52-55
§ 3. Construction 55-76
§ 4. The Arch 77-84
§ 5. The Pier and Column.—The Egyptian Orders 85-133
  Their Origin 85-91
  General Types of Supports 91-133
§ 6. The Ordonnance of Egyptian Colonnades 133-147
§ 7. Monumental Details 147-155
§ 8. Doors and Windows 156-162
  Doors 156-161
  Windows 162
§ 9. The Illumination of the Temples 162-169
§ 10. The Obelisks 169-176
§ 11. The Profession of Architect 176-179
 
CHAPTER III.
  SCULPTURE.
§ 1. The Origin of Statue-making 180-184
§ 2. Sculpture under the Ancient Empire 184-225
§ 3. Sculpture under the First Theban Empire 226-238
§ 4. Sculpture under the Second Theban Empire 239-265
§ 5. The Art of the Saite Period 265-274
§ 6. The Principal Themes of Egyptian Sculpture 275-284
§ 7. The Technique of the Bas-reliefs 284-288
§ 8. Gems 288-291
§ 9. The Principal Conventions in Egyptian Sculpture 291-326
§ 10. The General Characteristics of the Egyptian Style 326-330
 
CHAPTER IV.
  PAINTING.
§ 1. Technical Processes 331-341
§ 2. The Figure 341-351
§ 3. Caricature 351-355
§ 4. Ornament 355-363
 
CHAPTER V.
  THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS.
§ 1. Definition and Characteristics of Industrial Art 364-367
§ 2. Glass and Pottery 367-377
§ 3. Metal-work and Jewelry 377-390
§ 4. Woodwork 390-398
§ 5. The Commerce of Egypt 399-400
 
CHAPTER VI.
  THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EGYPTIAN ART, AND THE PLACE OF EGYPT IN ART HISTORY 401-408
  APPENDIX 409-416
  INDEX 417-434

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

  COLOURED PLATES.  
    To face page
  Thebes, the Pavilion of Medinet-Abou, restored 24
  Portico in the temple of Medinet-Abou, restored 144
  Rahotep and Nefert, Boulak Museum 186
  The Scribe, Louvre 192
  The Queen Taia, Boulak Museum 240
  Funerary offerings, fragment of a painting upon plaster, Louvre 334
  Tomb of Ptah-hotep, fragment of Western Wall 356
  Tomb of Ptah-hotep, ceiling and upper part of Western Wall 360
     
FIG.   PAGE
1. House 3
2. The adoration of the solar disk by Amenophis IV. 6
3. Egyptian plan of a villa 7
4. Part of the plan of a house and its offices 9
5. Partial restoration of a palace at Tell-el-Amarna 17
6. Ground plan of the "Royal Pavilion" 19
7. Plan of the first floor of the "Royal Pavilion" 19
8. Longitudinal section of the pavilion 19
9. Transverse section of the pavilion 20
10. Brackets in the courtyard of the Royal Pavilion 23
11. Plan of a part of the city at Tell-el-Amarna 29
12. Bird's-eye view of a villa 31
13. Model of an Egyptian house 34
14-17. Plans of houses 34
18. Piece of furniture in the form of a house 35
19. House from a Theban wall painting 35
20. House with a tower 35
21. Battlemented house 36
22. Decorated porch 36
23. House with inscription 36
24. House, storehouse, and garden 36
25. Brewing 37
26. Granaries 37
27. Granaries 38
28. Military post at Abydos 42
29. Military post 42
30. Bird's-eye view of the fortress of Semneh 43
31. A besieged fort 46
32. Siege of a fortress 47
33. Brick stamped with the royal ovals 54
34. The Sarcophagus of Mycerinus 57
35. Door of a tomb at Sakkarah 60
36. Stele from the fourth dynasty 61
37. Stele from the fourth dynasty 62
38. Flattened form of lotus-leaf ornament, seen in front and in section 63
39. Lotus-leaf ornament in its elongated form 63
40. Wooden pavilion 64
41. Horizontal section, in perspective, of the first pylon at Karnak 67
42. Workmen polishing a monolithic column 69
43. Transport of a colossus 73
44. Arch in the necropolis of Abydos 78
45. Arch in El-Assassif 79
46. Arch in El-Assassif 80
47. Vaults in the Ramesseum 81
48. Vault in the Ramesseum 81
49. Elliptical vault 82
50. Foundations with inverted segmental arches 82
51. Transverse section of a corridor at Dayr-el-Bahari 83
52. Section in perspective through the same corridor 83
53. Vaulted chapel at Abydos 84
54. Bas-relief from the fifth dynasty 86
55. Detail of capital 86
56. Bas-relief from the fifth dynasty 87
57. Details of columns in Fig. 56 87
58. Pavilion from Sakkarah 87
59. Details of columns in Fig. 58 87
60. Bas-relief from the fifth dynasty 88
61. Details of the columns 88
62-65. Columns from bas-reliefs 89
66. Quadrangular pier 92
67. Tapering quadrangular pier 92
68. Pier with capital 92
69. Hathoric pier 92
70. Osiride pillar 93
71. Ornamented pier 94
72. Octagonal pillar 96
73. Sixteen-sided pillar 96
74. Polygonal column with a flat vertical band 98
75. Polygonal pier with mask of Hathor 98
76. Column from Beni-Hassan 99
77. Column at Luxor 101
78. Column at Medinet-Abou 101
79. Column at Medinet-Abou 102
80. Column from the Great Hall at Karnak 103
81. Column from the Hypostyle Hall of the Ramesseum 103
82. Column of Soleb 104
83. Column of Thothmes at Karnak 104
84. Corner pier from the temple at Elephantiné 106
85. Pier with capital 107
86. Osiride pier 109
87. Hathoric pier from Eilithya 111
88. Hathoric pier from a tomb 111
89. Column at Kalabché 112
90. Column of Thothmes III. 113
91. Base of a column 115
92. Bell-shaped capital 117
93. Capital at Sesebi 119
94. Capital from the temple of Nectanebo, at Philæ 119
95. Capital from the work of Thothmes, at Karnak 120
96. Arrangement of architraves upon a capital 120
97. The Nymphæa Nelumbo 123
98. Papyrus plant 127
99. Small chamber at Karnak 134
100. Apartment in the temple at Luxor 134
101. Hall of the temple at Abydos 134
102. Plan of part of the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak 134
103. Tomb at Sakkarah 135
104. Hall in the inner portion of the Great Temple at Karnak 135
105. Portico of the first court at Medinet-Abou 135
106. Portico of the first court at Luxor 135
107. The portico of the pronaos, Luxor 136
108. Part plan of the temple at Elephantiné 136
109. Luxor, plan of the second court 136
110. Portico in the Temple of Khons 137
111. Luxor, portico of the first court 137
112. Part of the portico of the first court, Luxor 138
113. Portico in front of the façade of the temple of Gournah 138
114. Part of the Hypostyle Hall in the Great Temple at Karnak 138
115. Second Hypostyle Hall in the temple of Abydos 139
116. Hall in the speos of Gherf-Hossein 139
117. Medinet-Abou; first court 139
118. Medinet-Abou; second court 139
119. Portico of the Temple of Khons 140
120. Portico of first court at Luxor 140
121. Anta, Luxor 141
122. Anta, Gournah 141
123. Anta, Medinet-Abou 141
124. Anta in the Great Hall of Karnak 141
125. Antæ, Temple of Khons 142
126. Anta and base of pylon, Temple of Khons 142
127. Antæ, Medinet-Abou 143
128. Antæ, Medinet-Abou 143
129. Anta and column at Medinet-Abou 145
130. Column in the court of the Bubastides 146
131. Stereobate 148
132. Stereobate with double plinth 148
133. Pluteus in the intercolumniations of the portico in the second court of the Ramesseum 150
134. Doorway 151
135. Cornice of the Ramesseum 152
136. Cornice of a wooden pavilion 152
137. Pedestal of a Sphinx 153
138. Cornice under the portico 153
139. Fragment of a sarcophagus 154
140. Fragment of decoration from a royal tomb at Thebes 154
141. Plan of doorway, Temple of Elephantiné 157
142. Plan of doorway, Temple of Khons 157
143. Plan of doorway in the pylon, Temple of Khons 157
144, 145. The pylon and propylon of the hieroglyphs 157
146. Gateway to the court-yard of the small Temple at Medinet-Abou 158
147. A propylon with its masts 158
148. A propylon 159
149. Gateway in the inclosing wall of a Temple 159
150. Doorway of the Temple of Khons 160
151. Doorway of the Temple of Gournah 160
152. Doorway of the Temple of Seti 161
153, 154. Windows in the Royal Pavilion at Medinet-Abou 162
155. Attic of the Great Hall at Karnak 163
156. Claustra of the Hypostyle Hall, Karnak 165
157. Claustra in the Hypostyle Hall of the Temple of Khons 166
158. Method of lighting in one of the inner halls of Karnak 167
159. Auxiliary light-holes in the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak 167
160. Method of lighting one of the rooms in the Temple of Khons 167
161. Light openings in a lateral aisle of the Hypostyle Hall in the Ramesseum 168
162. The Temple of Amada 168
163. Claustra 168
164. Window of a house in the form of claustra 169
165. Window closed by a mat 169
166. Funerary obelisk 171
167. The obelisk of Ousourtesen 173
168. The obelisk in the Place de la Concorde 173
169. The obelisk of Beggig 175
170. Upper part of the obelisk at Beggig 175
171. Limestone statue of the architect Nefer 177
172. Sepa and Nesa 186
173. Ra-hotep 188
174-176. Wooden panels from the tomb of Hosi 191, 193, 195
177. Limestone head 196
178. Wooden statue 198
179. Bronze statuette 199
180. Bronze statuette 201
181. Ra-nefer 204
182. Statue in the Boulak Museum 205
183. Statue of Ti 205
184. Wooden statue 206
185. Statue in limestone 206
186. Limestone group 207
187. Wooden statuette 208
188. Nefer-hotep and Tenteta 208
189. Limestone statue 209
190. Limestone statue 209
191. Limestone statue 210
192. Limestone statue 210
193. Woman kneading dough 211
194. Woman making bread 212
195. Bread maker 213
196, 197. Details of head-dresses 213
198, 199. Nem-hotep 214
200. Funerary bas-relief 215
201. Bas-relief from the tomb of Ti 217
202. Bas-relief from the tomb of Ti 218
203. Sepulchral bas-relief 219
204. Bas-relief from the tomb of Ra-ka-pou 219
205. Statue of Chephren 222
206. Wooden statue 227
207. Sebek-hotep III. 229
208. Sphinx in black granite 231
209. Head and shoulders of a Tanite Sphinx in black granite 233
210. Group from Tanis 234
211. Side view of the same group 235
212. Upper part of a royal statue 236
213. Fragmentary statuette of a king 237
214. Thothmes III. 241
215. Thothmes III. 243
216. Statuette of Amenophis IV. 245
217. Funeral Dance 251
218. Bas-relief from the tomb of Chamhati 253
219. Portrait of Rameses II. while a child 255
220. Statue of Rameses II. 256
221. Prisoners of war 257
222. Statue of Rameses II. in the Turin Museum 259
223. Head of Menephtah 260
224. Seti II. 261
225. The Goddess Kadesh 263
226. Statue of Ameneritis 264
227. Bronze Sphinx 267
228. Statue of Nekht-har-heb 268
229. Statue of Horus 269
230, 231. Bas-relief from Memphis 270, 271
232. Horus enthroned 273
233. Roman head 274
234. Wooden statuette 279
235. Bronze cat 280
236. Lion 281
237. Bronze lion 282
238. Sphinx with human hands 283
239. Quadruped with the head of a bird 284
240. Portrait of Rameses II. 286
241. Intaglio upon sardonyx, obverse 289
242. Reverse of the same intaglio 289
243. Intaglio upon jasper 290
244. Reverse of the same intaglio 290
245. Seal of Armais 290
246. Bas-relief from Sakkarah 295
247. The Queen waiting on Amenophis IV. 296
248. Bas-relief from the eighteenth dynasty 297
249. Horus as a child 299
250. Bas-relief from the tomb of Ti 306
251. Bas-relief at Thebes 307
252. From a painting at Thebes 308
253. Painting at Thebes 309
254. Painting at Thebes 310
255. Painting at Thebes 311
256. Bronze statuette 312
257. Spoon for perfumes 313
258. Design transferred by squaring 320
259. Design transferred by squaring 321
260. Head of a Cynocephalus 323
261. Head of a Lion 323
262. Head of a Lioness 323
263. Outline for a portrait of Amenophis III. 333
264. Portrait of Queen Taia 339
265. Painting at Beni-Hassan 341
266. Painting at Beni-Hassan 342
267. Painting at Beni-Hassan 342
268. Painting at Beni-Hassan 343
269. Painting at Thebes 343
270. Painting at Thebes 344
271. Harpist 345
272. European prisoner 347
273. Head of the same prisoner 347
274. Ethiopian prisoner 348
275. Head of the same prisoner 348
276. Winged figure 349
277. Winged figure 350
278. Battle of the Cats and Rats 352
279. The soles of a pair of sandals 354
280, 281. The God Bes 354
282. Vultures on a ceiling 356
283, 284. Details from the tomb of Ptah-hotep 357
285. Carpet hung across a pavilion 358
286. Specimens of ceiling decorations 359
287. Painting on a mummy case 361
288. Winged globe 361
289, 290. Tables for offerings 363
291. Pitcher of red earth 368
292. Red earthenware 369
293. Gray earthenware 370
294. The God Bes 370
295. Pendant for necklace 371
296, 297. Enamelled earthenware 371
298. Enamelled faience 372
299. Doorway in the Stepped Pyramid at Sakkarah 372
300-302. Enamelled plaque from the Stepped Pyramid 373
303-305. Enamelled earthenware plaques 374
306, 307. Glass statuettes 376
308. Mirror-handle 379
309. Bronze hair-pin 379
310. Bronze dagger 379
311. Pectoral 381
312, 313. Golden Hawks 382
314. Ægis 383
315. Necklace 385
316. Osiris, Isis, and Horus 387
317, 318. Rings 387
319, 320. Ear-rings 387
321. Ivory Plaque 388
322. Ivory Castanet 389
323. Fragment of an Ivory Castanet 391
324. Workman splitting a piece of wood 392
325. Joiner making a bed 392
326. Coffer for sepulchral statuettes 393
327, 328. Chairs 394
329-331. Perfume spoons 395, 396
332-334. Walking-stick handles 397
335. Wooden pin or peg 398
336. Hathoric capital 398