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A History of England, Period III. Constitutional Monarchy

Chapter 8: GEORGE III. 1760-1820.
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About This Book

A chronological survey of England's political evolution from the Revolution at the end of the seventeenth century through early nineteenth-century developments, detailing the shift toward a constitutional monarchy. It traces the establishment of parliamentary supremacy and party-government, the impact of recurring European wars and imperial expansion on policy and finance, and reforms in revenue, banking, and administration that underpinned state power. Organized by successive administrations and episodes, the narrative situates legal and ecclesiastical settlements, popular and elite politics, and diplomatic and military crises within a framework of institutional change, supported by maps and recommended authorities.

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Walpole retains his position,966
Increase of the Civil List,966
Influence of the Queen,967
Character of Walpole's ministry,967
Character of the Opposition,967
Strength of the Government,969
Depression of the Jacobites,969
European complications,970
1729  Congress at Soissons,970
Treaty of Seville,971
Disappointment of the Emperor,971
1731  Second Treaty of Vienna,971
Complete supremacy of Walpole,972
1730 Rejection of the Pension Bill,972
1731  Retirement of Townshend,972
Walpole's home government,973
1733  His financial measures,973
His pacific foreign policy,975
1734  Refuses to join in the new European war,975
1738  Definitive Peace of Vienna,976
1734  Increasing opposition to Walpole,976
Wyndham's speech against him,977
1735  Prince of Wales head of the Opposition,978
1737  Quarrel of George with his son,979
Death of the Queen,980
Walpole retains his influence with the King,980
1738  The Opposition attacks his pacific policy,980
George desires war,981
1739  Negotiations with Spain,982
Walpole declares war rather than resign,982
1740  Increased vigour of the Opposition,983
Ill success of the war,984
1742  Walpole resigns,985
Review of Walpole's ministry,985
The new ministry under Wilmington,987
1743  Pelham succeeds Wilmington,988
The question of the Austrian succession,989
Ambition of Prussia,989
Position of Maria Theresa,990
England supports Austria,991
The English army in Flanders,991
Battle of Dettingen,992
Effect of the victory,994
Negotiations for peace,994
Treaty of Worms,995
1744  League of Frankfort,995
Threatened invasion of England,995
Progress of the war,996
Changes in the ministry,996
1745  German subsidies granted,997
Campaign in Flanders,998
Battle of Fontenoy,998
Charles Edward lands in Scotland,999
Cope marches against him,1001
Charles avoids him, and gains Edinburgh,1001
Battle of Prestonpans,1002
Indifference of England,1002
Charles marches to Derby,1003
He retreats to the relief of Government,1004
1746  Charles besieges Stirling,1005
Battle of Falkirk,1005
Cumberland takes command of the army,1006
He defeats Charles at Culloden,1007
He cruelly suppresses the rebellion,1008
Charles escapes to France,1008
Ministerial crisis,1009
1747  Effect of the rebellion on the continental war,1010
1748  Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,1011
Results of the war,1011
Pelham's conciliatory government,1012
1750  His financial measures,1012
Increase of wealth and of trade,1013
1751  Reform of the Calendar,1014
 1753 Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act,1015
Decay of the Church,1015
1730  Rise of the Wesleyans,1016
1754  Pelham's death gives the Government to Newcastle,1018
Approaching danger from India and America,1018
Newcastle tries to confine the war to the colonies,;1019
George's anxiety for Hanover,1020
1755  His subsidiary treaties against Prussia,1020
1756  The French capture Minorca,1021
Newcastle resigns,1021
1757  Pitt's vigorous government,1022
1754  Europe prepares for war,1023
1756  The Seven Years' War begins,1023
Alliance between England and Prussia,1023
Frederick's first campaign,1023
Foreign policy of the various parties in England,1024
1757  Disasters of the year,1025
1758  Change of generals,1026
Success in America,1026
Victory of Creveld,1027
Expeditions to Cherbourg and St. Malo,1027
1759  Naval victories of Lagos and Quiberon,1028
Capture of Quebec,1029
Victory of Minden,1031
1760  Frederick's campaign,1032
Battle of Torgau,1033
Pre-eminence of Pitt,1033
Death of the King,1033

GEORGE III. 1760-1820.