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A history of England

Chapter 30: FOOTNOTES:
By Charles Oman
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History - British

About This Book

The volume traces the development of England from prehistoric and Roman settlement through medieval and early modern transformations into the nineteenth century, offering a chronological narrative of invasions, dynastic shifts, religious reform, civil conflict, and constitutional change. It combines accounts of campaigns and diplomatic episodes with discussions of social and institutional evolution, political movements, and the expansion of overseas territories. Chapters are arranged to follow successive eras, and the text is supplemented by maps, battle plans, and genealogical tables to clarify territorial boundaries, military actions, and lines of succession. The work presents a concise, single-volume survey intended for students and general readers.

Policy of John of Gaunt.—The Good Parliament.

John of Gaunt's object in favouring Wicliffe was purely political; with the reformer's religious views he can have had little sympathy. But he wished to turn the seething discontent of England into the channel of an attack on the Church, and to keep it from his own doors. For the last twenty years legislation against ecclesiastical grievances had been not infrequent. In 1351 the Statute of Provisors had prohibited the Pope from giving away English benefices to his favourites. In 1353 the First Statute of Praemunire had forbidden English litigants to transfer their disputes to the Church courts abroad. Duke John's attempt to distract the attention of the nation to the reform of matters ecclesiastic was partly successful; we find many proposals in Parliament to strip the Church of part of her overgrown endowments, and utilize them for the service of the state. On this point clerk and layman had many a bitter wrangle. But Lancaster could not altogether keep the storm from beating on himself and his father; in 1376 the "Good Parliament" impeached Latimer and Neville, Edward's favourites and ministers, and removed and fined them. Alice Perrers, the old king's mistress, was at the same time banished. In the following year Lancaster reasserted himself, packed a Parliament with his supporters, and cancelled the condemnation of Latimer, Neville, and Alice Perrers. The Bishop of London in revenge arrested Lancaster's protégé Wicliffe, and began to try him for heresy; but the duke appeared in the court, and so threatened and browbeat the bishop that he was fain to release his prisoner.

But new complications were now at hand; the aspect of affairs was suddenly changed by the death of the old king on January 2, 1377, and political affairs took a new complexion on the accession of his young grandson, Richard II., the only surviving child of the Black Prince.

DESCENDANTS OF EDWARD III.

                      Edward III. =
Philippa of Hainault.		                      
       
                                               
Edward the
Black Prince.		   Lionel of Clarence =
Elizabeth De Burgh.		   John of Gaunt =
    (1) Blanche of Lancaster.
   (2) Constance of Castile.
 (3) Catherine Swinford.		   Edmund,
Duke of York.		   Thomas,
Duke of Gloucester.
                               
                                         
Richard II.,
1377-1399.		   Philippa of Clarence =
Edmund Mortimer,
Earl of March.		 Henry IV.,
1399-1413.		 Henry Beaufort,
Cardinal,
died 1477.		 John Beaufort,
Earl of
Somerset.		   Edmund
of York,
killed at
Agincourt.		 Richard of
Cambridge =
Anne Mortimer.		   Edmund
Earl of Stafford =
Anne of Gloucester.
                           
  Roger of March,
killed in Ireland,
1398.		             Richard,
Duke of York,
killed at Wakefield,
1460 =
Cicely Neville.		   Humphrey,
Duke of Buckingham,
killed at Northampton,
1460.
                         
                         
                                         
Edmund
of
March,
died 1425.		 Anne
Mortimer =
Richard,
Earl of
Cambridge.		 Henry V.,
1413-1422.		 Thomas
of
Clarence.		 John of
Bedford.		 Humphrey
of
Gloucester.		 John of
Somerset,
died 1444.		 Edmond
of
Somerset,
killed at
St. Albans.		 Edward IV.,
1461-1483.		 George
of Clarence.		 Richard III.,
1483-1485.		 Humphrey,
Earl of
Stafford.
                                 
                                 
                                 
                                 
                                 
                                 
  See opposite,
among
descendants
of Edmund
Duke of York.		 Henry VI.,
1422-1461.		   Edmund Tudor,
Earl of Richmond =
Margaret
Beaufort.		   Edward of
Warwick,
executed 1499.		 Margaret of
Salisbury,
executed 1541.		 Henry,
Duke of
Buckingham,
executed 1483.
                           
        Henry, Edmund, John,          
        killed in the War of the Roses.          
                   
                         
    Henry VII,
1485-1509 =
Elizabth,,
daughter of
Edward VI.		   Edward V.
1483.		 Richard
of York.		 Elizabeth =
Henry VII.		   Edward,
Duke of
Buckingham,
executed 1521.

FOOTNOTES:

[22] So called from Jacques Bonhomme, the nickname of the typical French peasant.

[23] Sometimes also called Navarette; it lies beyond the Ebro, near Logroño.