WeRead Powered by ReaderPub
A history of England cover

A history of England

Chapter 84: INDEX.
By Charles Oman
Open in WeRead

Explore more books like this:

History - British

About This Book

The volume traces the development of England from prehistoric and Roman settlement through medieval and early modern transformations into the nineteenth century, offering a chronological narrative of invasions, dynastic shifts, religious reform, civil conflict, and constitutional change. It combines accounts of campaigns and diplomatic episodes with discussions of social and institutional evolution, political movements, and the expansion of overseas territories. Chapters are arranged to follow successive eras, and the text is supplemented by maps, battle plans, and genealogical tables to clarify territorial boundaries, military actions, and lines of succession. The work presents a concise, single-volume survey intended for students and general readers.

  • Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), treaty of, 510
  • Abdullah, the Khalifa, crushed by Lord Kitchener, 726
  • Abercrombie, Sir Ralph, his victories in Egypt, 594
  • Aberdeen, Lord, joins the Whigs, 667;
  • prime minister, 681;
  • engages in Crimean war, 684;
  • resigns, 689
  • Abyssinian war, the, 705, 706
  • Acre, captured by Richard I., 117;
  • besieged by Bonaparte, 592;
  • taken by the English, 661
  • Addington, Henry, prime minister, 596;
  • resigns, 603;
  • frames the "Six Acts," 640;
  • resigns again, 641
  • Adrian IV., Pope, grants Ireland to Henry II., 99
  • Aelfthryth, Queen, murders Edward the Martyr, 52
  • Aella, South Saxon king, 15
  • —, Northumbrian king, slain by Danes, 36
  • Aethelbald, King of Wessex, 36
  • Aethelbert, King of Kent, 23;
  • converted by Augustine, 24
  • —, King of Wessex, 36
  • Aethelflaed, daughter of Alfred, subdues the Danes, 45
  • Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria, 19
  • Aethelred, King of Wessex, defeats the Danes, 37
  • — the Redeless, 52;
  • raises Danegelt, 53;
  • deposed and recalled, 54
  • Aethelstan, King of England, 45;
  • beats the Danes at Brunanburgh, 46
  • Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, 34;
  • his Danish wars, 35, 36
  • Afghan war, the first, 724, 725;
  • the second, 733
  • Africa, S., English in, 724, 725, 727-733, 752-754
  • Agincourt, battle of, 224
  • Agricola, Julius, governor of Britain, 6
  • Aidan, St., Bishop of York, 27
  • Alabama, case of the, 697;
  • arbitration concerning, 707, 708
  • Alberoni, Cardinal, aids Jacobites, 490
  • Albert of Saxe-Coburg (the Prince Consort) marries Queen Victoria, 661
  • Albuera, battle of, 620
  • Alcuin at court of Charles the Great, 29
  • Alexander II., Pope, encourages William I. to invade England, 62
  • Alexander III., Pope, reconciled with Henry II., 109
  • — VI., Pope, 289
  • Alexander I. of Russia, 595;
  • his wars with Napoleon, 608, 610, 623, 624
  • — II. of Russia, his war with England, 690;
  • conquers Turkey, 710
  • Alfred, his wars with the Danes, 37, 39;
  • his government, 40-42;
  • greatness of, 43
  • —, son of Aethelred II., murdered, 56
  • Alma, battle of the, 685
  • Almanza, battle of, 470
  • America, English explorers in, 333;
  • English settlements in, 361;
  • wars with French in, 511, 519-521, 527-529.
  • See under Canada and United States
  • American Colonies, disputes with the, 540-544
  • — war of Independence, 546-552
  • Amherst, Lord, Viceroy of India, 739
  • Amiens, Mise of, 141
  • —, Peace of, 596
  • Angles, settlements of, in Britain, 14-16
  • Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., 207
  • — Neville, married to Prince Edward, 257;
  • married to Richard III., 263;
  • death of, 269
  • — Boleyn, marries Henry VIII., 294;
  • divorced and executed, 300
  • — of Cleves, married to and divorced by Henry VIII., 304
  • —, Queen, 461;
  • ruled by Lady Churchill, 461;
  • dismisses her, 475;
  • death, 480
  • —, Duchess of Brittany, 274-275
  • Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 84;
  • withstands William II., 85;
  • disputes with Henry I., 89
  • Anson, Commodore, voyage of, 511
  • Antoninus, wall of, 8
  • Appellants, Lords, rising of, 208;
  • punished by Richard II., 210
  • Aquitaine, united to England by Henry II., 97;
  • rebellions in, 109, 121, 139;
  • seized by Philip the Fair, 163;
  • recovered, 168;
  • enlarged by Edward III., 194;
  • falls away, 198;
  • lost by Henry VI., 244
  • Arabi Pasha stirs up rebellion in Egypt, 713
  • Argyle, Archibald, Earl of, leader of the Covenanters, 395;
  • execution of, 421
  • —, Archibald, Marquis of, rebellion and execution of, 437
  • —, John, Duke of, at death-bed of Queen Anne, 480;
  • wins battle of Sheriffmuir, 489
  • Armada, the Spanish, 337-339
  • Armagnac faction in France, 218, 222, 226
  • Armed Neutrality, the, 595
  • Arthur, legendary hero of Britain, 13
  • — of Brittany, 111;
  • his claims on England, 122;
  • murdered by John, 124
  • —, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VII., marriage and death of, 280
  • Asaf-ud-Dowlab, Nawab of Oude, his dealings with Warren
  • Hastings, 568, 569
  • Ashdown, battle of, 37
  • Assaye, battle of, 604
  • Auckland, Lord, Viceroy of India, his Afghan war, 740, 741
  • Augustine, St., converts Kent, 23, 24
  • Aulus Plautius, Roman general, 5
  • Austerlitz, battle of, 608
  • Australia, British settlement in, 565;
  • history of the colonies of, 750-752
  • Austria, allied to William III., 447;
  • engages in war of Spanish Succession, 463, 477;
  • aided by England, 500-510;
  • wars of, with Frederic the Great, 522-537;
  • with French Republic, 579-594;
  • with Napoleon, 608-625;
  • wars of, in Italy, 670, 695;
  • with Prussia, 705
  • Austrian Succession, war of the, 500
  • Babington, Anthony, his plot against Elizabeth, 336
  • Bacon, Francis, Lord Verulam, 343;
  • impeached, 359
  • Baeda (Venerable Bede), 29
  • Balaclava, battle of, 687
  • Ball, John, Lollard preacher, 204, 206
  • Balliol, Edward, wins and loses Scottish throne, 182, 183
  • —, John, claims Scottish throne, 160;
  • his reign, 162, 163;
  • deposed by Edward I., 164
  • Bank of England founded, 456;
  • panic at, in 1797, 586
  • Bannockburn, battle of, 176
  • Bantry Bay, French fleet at, 588
  • Barbados colonized, 361
  • Bareilly, battle of, 732
  • Barnet, battle of, 258
  • Barons' war, the, 141-145
  • Bartholemew, St., Massacre of, 332
  • Bastille, storming of the, 576
  • Bastwick, John, cruel sentence on, 369
  • Bavaria, Charles, Elector of, claimant for the empire, 500
  • Bavaria, Joseph, Prince of, claims crown of Spain, 457, 458
  • —, Maximilian, Elector of, defeated by Marlborough, 466
  • Baylen, capitulation of, 614
  • Beaufort, family of, 217.
  • See under Somerset, Dukes of
  • —, Cardinal, quarrels with Humphrey of Gloucester, 233;
  • advocates peace, 238;
  • dies, 240
  • Beaugé, battle of, 229
  • Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 100;
  • quarrels with Henry II., 101, 102;
  • exiled, 103, 104;
  • murdered, 105
  • Bedford, John, Duke of, regent of France, 231;
  • his victories, 233;
  • foiled by Jeanne d'Arc, 236, 237;
  • dies, 239
  • —, Russell, Duke of, minister of George III., 538, 539
  • Benevolences, raised by Edward IV., 261;
  • by Richard III., 269;
  • by Henry VIII., 288;
  • by Charles I., 364
  • Bentinck, Lord George, leader of Protectionists, 667, 680
  • —, Lord William, Governor-general of India, 739, 740
  • —, William, Duke of Portland, 609
  • Bermuda colonized, 361
  • Bible translated into English, 302
  • Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, resists Edward I., 166
  • Black Death, the, 189
  • — Hole of Calcutta, the, 523
  • — Prince, the. See Edward the Black Prince
  • Bladensburg, battle of, 627
  • Blake, Admiral, defeats the Dutch, 409;
  • defeats Spaniards, 413
  • Blenheim, battle of, 466, 467
  • Blücher, Marshal, commands Prussians at Ligny and Waterloo, 628, 629
  • Boadicea. See Boudicca
  • Boleyn. See Anne
  • Bolingbroke, Henry of. See Henry IV.
  • —, Henry St. John, Viscount of, minister under Queen Anne, 479;
  • Jacobite intrigues of, 480;
  • joins the Pretender, 486
  • Bonaparte, Jerome, King of Westphalia, 610
  • —, Joseph, King of Naples, 609;
  • of Spain, 613-625
  • —, Louis, King of Holland, 609;
  • dethroned, 622
  • —, Louis Napoleon. See Napoleon III.
  • —, Napoleon. See Napoleon I.
  • Bonner, Bishop, opposes Reformation, 308, 309;
  • persecutes Protestants, 319
  • Boscawen, Admiral, wins victory of Lagos, 526
  • Boston, riots in, 543, 545;
  • besieged and taken by Washington, 546, 547
  • Bothwell Brig, battle of, 433
  • —, James Hepburn, Earl of, murders Darnley, 327;
  • marries Mary, Queen of Scots, 328
  • Boudicca, Queen, rebellion of, 6
  • Bouvines, battle of, 128
  • Boyne, battle of the, 451
  • Bradshaw, John, regicide, 401
  • Bramham Moor, battle of, 217
  • Breda, Declaration of, 419
  • —, Peace of, 428
  • Bretigny, Treaty of, 194
  • Bretwalda, meaning of title, 23
  • Britain, early inhabitants of, 1;
  • conquered by Romans, 5
  • Britons, occupy England and Wales, 2
  • Brittany, under Henry II., 106;
  • wars of Edward III. in, 186;
  • of Henry VII. in, 274
  • Broad Church Party, the, 677
  • Brooklyn, battle of, 547
  • Brougham, Henry Lord, chancellor, 648;
  • resigns, 657
  • Bruce, Edward, King of Ireland, 177
  • —, Robert, claims Scottish throne, 160;
  • slays Comyn, 168;
  • King of Scotland, 170;
  • wars with Edward II., 172-174;
  • victorious at Bannockburn, 176;
  • invades England, 177, 180
  • Brunanburgh, battle of, 46
  • Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, favourite of James I., 357;
  • his journey to Madrid, 360;
  • minister of Charles I., 363;
  • Rochelle expedition of, 364;
  • assassinated, 365
  • —, George, Duke of, minister of Charles II., 428
  • Buller, Sir R., defeats of, in S. Africa, 729, 730
  • Bunker's Hill, battle of, 546
  • Burgundy, Chas., Duke of, aids Edward IV., 258;
  • quarrels with him, 262
  • —, Philip, Duke of, allied to the English, 228, 233;
  • joins the French, 238
  • Burke, Edmund, advocates reform, 544;
  • speeches on French revolution, 577, 578;
  • joins Pitt, 580
  • Burleigh, Robert Cecil, Lord, minister of Elizabeth, 326;
  • dies, 348
  • Burmah, first war with, 739;
  • second war with, 743
  • Bute, John, Earl of, minister of George III., 535;
  • concludes peace of Paris, 537;
  • resigns, 538
  • Buxar, battle of, 566
  • Byng, Admiral, George, wins battle of Cape Passaro, 490
  • —, Admiral, John, fails at Minorca, 523;
  • executed, 523
  • Byron, George, Lord, joins Greeks, 643
  • Cabal, the, 428
  • Cabinet government, beginning of, 483
  • Cabul, British disaster at, 740, 741;
  • taken by General Roberts, 749
  • Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 242
  • Cadiz, Drake's expedition to, 337;
  • taken by Essex, 341
  • Cæsar, Julius, invades Britain, 4
  • Calais, captured by Edward III., 188;
  • lost under Mary, 321
  • Calder, Admiral, defeats Villeneuve off Finesterre, 606
  • Calendar, reform of the, 543
  • Cambridge, Richard, Earl of, conspires against Henry V., 222
  • Camden, battle of, 550
  • Campeggio, Cardinal, Papal legate to Henry VIII., 291, 292
  • Camperdown, battle of, 587
  • Campo Formio, treaty of, 585
  • Canada, French and English struggle for, 526, 529;
  • invaded by Americans, 626;
  • subsequent history of, 735
  • Canning, George, his war-policy, 614;
  • takes office under Lord Liverpool, 641;
  • his foreign policy, 643;
  • prime minister, 644
  • —, George, Lord, Governor-General of India, 744;
  • Viceroy, 748
  • Cape Colony, annexed by Britain, 631;
  • subsequent history of, 752, 753
  • Carausius, Emperor, in Britain, 11
  • Carnatic, the, wars of Clive in, 518, 519;
  • annexed by Wellesley, 594
  • Caroline of Anspach, Queen of George II., her influence, 495
  • — of Brunswick, wife of George IV., 628;
  • quarrels with her husband, 641
  • Carpenter, General, wins battle of Preston, 488;
  • of Glenshiel, 490
  • Carteret, George Granville, Lord, minister of George II., 499;
  • his war-policy, 501;
  • at Congress of Worms, 502;
  • his fall, 503
  • Cassivelaunus, British chief, 4
  • Castlereagh, Viscount, reactionary policy of, 637;
  • frames the "Six Acts," 640;
  • commits suicide, 641
  • Catesby, William, favourite of Richard III., 270;
  • executed, 271
  • —, Thomas, frames Gunpowder Plot, 354
  • Catherine of France, marries Henry V., 228
  • — of Aragon, married to Arthur, Prince of Wales, 280;
  • to Henry VIII., 291;
  • divorced by him, 294
  • — Howard, married to Henry VIII., 304;
  • divorced and executed, 305
  • — Parr, married to Henry VIII., 305
  • — of Portugal, Queen of Charles II., 425
  • Cato Street conspiracy, 640
  • Cawnpore, massacre at, 747;
  • battle of, 748
  • Ceadda (St. Chad) converts Mercia, 27
  • Ceawlin, King of Wessex, 18
  • Cecil. See Burleigh and Salisbury
  • Celts conquer Britain, 2
  • Cerdic, first King of Wessex, 16
  • Cetewayo, Zulu king, conquered, 753
  • Charles I., his journey to Madrid, 360;
  • accession of, 362;
  • character and policy of, 362-364;
  • his disputes with Parliament, 364-377;
  • misgovernment of, 366-370;
  • defeated by Scots, 371, 372;
  • engages in the Civil War, 379-396;
  • a prisoner, 396;
  • his intrigues, 396-399;
  • tried and executed, 401
  • — II., in Scotland, 404;
  • defeated at Worcester, 405;
  • accession of, 420;
  • allied to France, 429;
  • unconstitutional rule of, 430-434;
  • dies, 435
  • — Edward, Prince (the Young Pretender), invades Scotland, 504;
  • his successes, 505, 506;
  • defeated, 508;
  • dies, 509
  • — V., King of France, his wars with England, 197, 198, 202
  • — VI., King of France, miserable reign of, 218;
  • his madness, 228;
  • dies, 232
  • — VII. of France, murders John of Burgundy, 228;
  • proclaimed king, 232;
  • crowned by Jeanne d'Arc, 235
  • — VIII. of France, his wars with Henry VII., 274, 275
  • — IX. of France, orders Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 332
  • — X. of France, deposed, 647
  • Charles V., Emperor, allied to Henry VIII., 286;
  • his wars in Italy, 291;
  • abdication of, 320
  • — VI., Emperor (Archduke Charles), claims the Spanish crown, 458;
  • becomes Emperor, 477;
  • dies, 500
  • — VII., Emperor, his wars with Austria, 500-502
  • Charles II. of Spain, declares Philip of Anjou his heir, 458
  • — III. of Spain, makes war on England, 535, 548
  • — IV. of Spain, deposed by Napoleon, 613
  • Charles XII. of Sweden, his dealings with Marlborough, 470;
  • supports the Jacobites, 490
  • Charlotte, Princess, marriage and death of, 639
  • Charter, the Great, 130, 131;
  • confirmed by Edward I., 166
  • Chartist agitation, 660, 663, 670
  • Chatham, first Earl of. See William Pitt
  • —, second Earl of, his expedition to Walcheren, 618
  • Chicheley, Archbishop, urges war with France, 221
  • Chillianwallah, battle of, 743
  • China, first war with, 661;
  • second war with, 693
  • Christianity, in early Britain, 13;
  • brought to the Saxons by Augustine, 23, 24;
  • in northern Britain, 25, 27
  • Churchill. See Marlborough
  • Clarence, Edward of, Earl of Warwick, beheaded by Henry VII., 277
  • —, George, Duke of, conspires against Edward IV., 256;
  • executed, 263
  • —, Thomas, Duke of, slain at Beaugé, 229
  • —, William, Duke of. See William IV.
  • Clarendon, Constitutions of, 102
  • —, Edward Hyde, Lord, minister of Charles II., 425;
  • his fall, 428
  • Claudius, Emperor, invades Britain, 5
  • Claverhouse, John Graham of, Viscount Dundee, leads Scottish
  • Jacobites, 448
  • Clement VII., Pope, his action on the divorce of Henry VIII., 291-294
  • Clericis Laicos, the Bull, 165
  • Clive, Robert Lord, his victories in British India, 519;
  • conquers Bengal, 530;
  • his second governorship in Bengal, 566
  • Clyde, Colin Campbell, Lord, in Crimea, 684;
  • suppresses Indian Mutiny, 748
  • Cnut, his war with Eadmund Ironside, 54;
  • his reign, 55
  • Coalition Ministry, the, 558;
  • its fall, 559
  • Cobden, Richard, Free Trader, 666
  • Cobham's plot, 354
  • Codrington, Admiral, wins battle of Navarino, 643
  • Colonies, rise of, under Elizabeth, 341;
  • under James I., 361;
  • history of the. See under Canada, Australia, etc.
  • Columba, St., founds abbey of Iona, 26
  • Commonwealth, the, proclaimed, 403;
  • history of the, 403-419
  • Comyn, John, Regent of Scotland, 168;
  • slain by Bruce, 169
  • Confirmatio Cartarum, the, 166
  • Conservatives, name adopted by Tories, 656
  • Consols, creation of the, 513
  • Constance of Brittany, marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, 104
  • Constantine, Roman emperor, 11
  • —, King of Scots, 46
  • Conventicle Act, the, 424
  • Convention Parliament, the first, 421;
  • the second, 445
  • Convention, the French, 579;
  • declares war on England, 581
  • Cook, Captain, his discoveries, 752
  • Coote, Sir Eyre, wins battle of Wandewash, 531;
  • battle of Porto Novo, 569
  • Cope, Sir John, defeated at Prestonpans, 508
  • Copenhagen, battle of, 595
  • Coroners first instituted, 122
  • Corn Laws, the, 635;
  • repeal of the, 667
  • Cornwallis, Lord, his campaigns in America, 550, 551;
  • Governor-General of India, 571, 572;
  • Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 590
  • Corporation Act, the, 424
  • Corporations, reform of the, 654
  • Cotton Famine, the, 697
  • Courtenays, Earls of Devon. See Devon
  • Covenant, the Scottish, 371
  • Covenanters, the, 371;
  • allied with Parliamentarians, 378;
  • risings of, in Scotland, 433;
  • join William of Orange, 448
  • Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, counsels Henry VIII.'s divorce, 293;
  • favours Protestantism, 302;
  • compiles the Prayer-book, 309;
  • deposed by Mary, 316;
  • burnt, 320
  • Crécy, battle of, 187, 188
  • Crimea, invasion of, 685. See Russian War
  • Cromwell, Oliver, member for Huntingdon, 365;
  • his ability as cavalry leader, 387;
  • at Marston Moor, 390;
  • at Naseby, 395;
  • wins battle of Preston, 400;
  • campaign in Ireland, 403;
  • campaign of Dunbar and Worcester, 405;
  • character, 406;
  • dissolves the Rump, 410;
  • his rule as Protector, 412, 416
  • —, Richard, Protector, 416;
  • resigns, 417
  • —, Thomas, minister of Henry VIII., 293;
  • favours reformers, 302;
  • disgraced and executed, 304
  • Crusade, the first, 84;
  • the third, 111, 116
  • Culloden, battle of, 508
  • Cumberland, Ernest, Duke of, King of Hanover, 659
  • —, George, Duke of, defeated at Fontenoy, 503;
  • wins battle of Culloden, 508;
  • defeated at Lawfeldt, 510;
  • capitulates at Closter-Seven, 525
  • —, conquered by William II., 83
  • Cumbria, kingdom of. See Strathclyde
  • Cunobelinus (Cymbeline), British king, 5
  • Dalhousie, Lord, Governor-General of India, 743;
  • his annexations, 744
  • Danby, Thomas Osborne, Lord, minister of Charles II., 431;
  • impeached, 431;
  • invites William of Orange, 442;
  • minister of William III., 455
  • Danegelt, raised by Aethelred, 53;
  • by William I., 78;
  • abolished by Henry II., 101
  • Danelagh, the, 40;
  • conquered by Edward the Elder, 45
  • Danes, incursions of, 32;
  • settle in England, 35;
  • conquer Northumbria, 36;
  • conquer Mercia, 38;
  • wars of, with Alfred, 39, 41;
  • conquered by Edward the Elder, 45;
  • conciliated by Eadgar, 49, 50;
  • invade England under Swegen, 53;
  • oppose William I., 70
  • Darien Scheme, the, 472
  • David I., King of Scotland, aids Queen Matilda, 73
  • — II., King of Scotland, expelled by Balliol, 182;
  • defeated at Neville's Cross, 189;
  • prisoner in England, 193;
  • released, 195
  • Declaration of Right, the, 446
  • Delhi, captured by British, 604;
  • siege of, during mutiny, 746;
  • Durbar at, 750
  • Deorham, battle of, 18
  • Derby, Edward Stanley, Earl of, prime minister in 1852, 680;
  • in 1858, 694;
  • in 1866, 703
  • Dermot of Leinster, introduces English into Ireland, 107
  • Derry, siege of, 450
  • Derwentwater, Earl, Jacobite leader, 487-489
  • Desmond, Garrett, Earl of, rebellion of, 346
  • Despencer, Hugh, favourite of Edward II., 177-179
  • Dettingen, battle of, 502
  • Devon, John, Earl of, beheaded by Edward IV., 253;
  • Edward, Earl of, conspires against Queen Mary, 317
  • Directory, proclaimed in France, 584;
  • fall of, 593
  • Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, leads Protectionists, 666, 667;
  • minister under Lord Derby, 680;
  • his Reform Bills, 694, 703;
  • prime minister, 705;
  • second ministry of, 709;
  • at Congress of Berlin, 711;
  • loses office, 712;
  • dies, 716
  • Divine Right of kings, 351
  • Domesday Book, 70-78
  • Douglas, James, the Black, invades England, 180
  • —, Archibald, Earl of, captured at Homildon, 216;
  • at Shrewsbury, 216
  • Dover, riot at, 58;
  • naval battle of, 135;
  • treaty of, 429
  • Drake, Sir Francis, his voyages, 334, 335;
  • expedition of Cadiz, 337;
  • to South America, 341
  • Druids, the, 4
  • Dudley, Edmund, minister of Henry VII., 273;
  • beheaded, 283
  • —, Lord Guilford, marries Lady Jane Grey, 312;
  • beheaded, 318
  • —. See Northumberland and Leicester
  • Dunbar, victory of Edward I. at, 164;
  • victory of Cromwell at, 405
  • Dundee. See Claverhouse
  • Dunstan, Abbot of Glastonbury, his reforms, 47, 48;
  • exiled by Eadwig, 48;
  • archbishop and prime minister, 49;
  • exiled, 52
  • Dupleix, his career in Southern India, 512, 518;
  • recalled, 519
  • Eadgar, King of England, 48;
  • his prosperous reign, 49, 50
  • — the Etheling, 61;
  • proclaimed king, 67;
  • risings in favour of, 69, 70
  • Eadmund (St.), King of East Anglia, martyred by Danes, 36
  • — I., King of England, his reign, 47
  • — II., Ironside, his wars with Cnut, 54
  • Eadred, King of England, his reign, 47
  • Eadric Streona, favourite of Aethelred II., 53;
  • his treachery, 54, 55
  • Eadric the Wild, his rebellion, 69
  • Eadwig, King of England, his reign, 48
  • Eadwine, King of Northumbria, 25;
  • slain at Heathfield, 26
  • —, Earl of Mercia, 60, 63, 64;
  • rebels against William I., 71
  • Ecclesiastical courts, founded by William I., 76;
  • claims of, urged by Becket, 101;
  • their powers restricted by Edward I., 150;
  • under Charles I., 369;
  • abolished, 374;
  • revived by James II., 440
  • Ecclesiastical Titles Act, the, 679
  • Ecgbert, King of Wessex, 31;
  • suzerain of all Britain, 32;
  • defeats the Danes, 34
  • Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria, slain by the Picts, 29
  • Edgehill, battle of, 383, 384
  • Education Act, the, 707
  • Edward the Elder, King of England, 44;
  • his victorious campaigns, 45
  • — the Martyr, his reign and murder, 51
  • — the Confessor, accession of, 57;
  • reign of, 58-61
  • — I., at battle of Lewis, 142;
  • wins battle of Evesham, 146;
  • at the Crusades, 147;
  • King of England, 148;
  • character and policy of, 149-153;
  • conquers Wales, 153-157;
  • arbiter in Scotland, 159, 162;
  • war with France, 162;
  • his conflicts with the Church, 165;
  • with the barons, 165;
  • invades Scotland, 164, 168;
  • dies, 170
  • — II. of Carnarvon, Prince of Wales, 157;
  • King of England, 171;
  • disastrous reign of, 173-178;
  • deposed and murdered, 179
  • — III., King of England, 179;
  • crushes Mortimer, 181;
  • wins battle of Halidon Hill, 182;
  • his first war with France, 183-194;
  • contest with Parliament, 186;
  • misfortunes of his later years, 197-200
  • — IV., Earl of March, leads Yorkists, 252;
  • proclaimed king, 253;
  • victorious at Towton, 254;
  • marriage of, 255;
  • his struggle with Warwick, 256, 257;
  • regains his throne, 258;
  • dies, 264
  • — V., his short reign and death, 264-268
  • — VI., birth of, 303; accession of, 308;
  • his reign, 308-312;
  • dies, 313
  • — the Black Prince, at Crécy, 188;
  • his victory at Poictiers, 191, 192;
  • his wars in Spain, 196;
  • long illness and death of, 197
  • —, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI., born, 248;
  • married to Anne Neville, 257;
  • slain at Tewkesbury, 258
  • Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III., dies, 269
  • Egypt, Bonaparte in, 591;
  • taken by English, 595;
  • English interference in, 661;
  • under Ismail, 709;
  • conquered by Lord Wolseley, 713, 714
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of Henry II., 97;
  • incites her sons to rebellion, 109;
  • supports King John, 122, 123
  • — of Provence, queen of Henry III., 136
  • — of Castille, queen of Edward I., 148
  • Eliot, Sir John, opposes Charles I., 365;
  • imprisoned, 366
  • Elizabeth Woodville, marries Edward IV., 255;
  • claims regency, 264
  • — of York, heiress of Edward IV., 269;
  • marries Henry VII., 273
  • —, Queen, birth of, 294;
  • imprisoned by Mary, 320;
  • accession, 322;
  • religious policy of, 323-326;
  • troubles with Mary of Scotland, 327, 328;
  • foreign policy, 330;
  • her prosperous rule, 333;
  • war with Spain, 335, 341;
  • the "Elizabethan Age," 343-349;
  • her Irish policy, 345;
  • dies, 348
  • —, daughter of James I., marries Elector Palatine, 358
  • Ellenborough, Lord, Governor-General of India, 741
  • Elliot, General, defends Gibraltar, 552
  • Emancipation, Catholic, Pitt's scheme for, 590, 591;
  • vetoed by George III., 596;
  • again, 609;
  • granted by Wellington, 646
  • Emmet, Robert, his rebellion, 603
  • Empson, Richard, minister of Henry VII., 273;
  • beheaded by Henry VIII., 283
  • English, coming of the, to Britain, 14;
  • social organization of the, 20, 21;
  • religion of the, 22;
  • receive Christianity, 23
  • Enniskillen, siege of, 451
  • Essex, kingdom of East Saxons, 16
  • —, Robert Devereux, Earl of, his expedition to Cadiz, 341;
  • to Ireland, 347;
  • his intrigues and execution, 348
  • —, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, his divorce, 356;
  • leader of Parliamentarians, 379;
  • at Edgehill, 383, 384;
  • at Newbury, 387;
  • capitulates at Lostwithiel, 392;
  • removed by "Self-denying Ordinance," 393
  • —, Frances, Countess of, poisons Sir T. Overbury, 356
  • Ethandun, battle of, 39
  • Eugéne of Savoy, commands Austrian army, 463;
  • joins Marlborough before Blenheim, 456;
  • his campaigns in Italy, 469-470
  • Eustace of Boulogne, 58
  • Evesham, battle of, 145, 146
  • Excise Bill of Walpole, 495
  • Exclusion Bill, the, 433, 434
  • Exeter, taken by West Saxons, 31;
  • taken by William I., 69;
  • besieged by Warbeck, 276
  • —, Henry Courtenay, Marquis of, beheaded by Henry VIII., 301
  • Eylau, battle of, 610
  • Factory Acts, the, 675
  • Fairfax, Ferdinand, Lord, Parliamentary general, 386
  • —, Sir Thomas, besieged in Hull, 386;
  • wins battle of Nantwich, 390;
  • at Marston Moor, 391;
  • leader of the "New Model," 393;
  • wins Naseby fight, 395;
  • suppresses Royalist risings, 400;
  • refuses to try the king, 401;
  • resigns, 404
  • Falkirk, victory of Edward I. at, 168;
  • of Charles Edward at, 508
  • Falkland, Lord, slain at Newbury, 387
  • Family compact, the, 496
  • Fashoda difficulty, the, 726, 727
  • Fawkes, Guy, his plot, 354
  • Fenians, the, their outrages, 704, 705
  • Fenwick, Sir John, conspires against William III., 456
  • Ferdinand of Aragon, allied to Henry VII., 279, 280
  • — of Brunswick, wins battle of Crefeldt, 526;
  • of Minden, 527
  • — VII. of Spain, kidnapped by Napoleon, 613
  • Ferozeshah, battle of, 742
  • Feudalism, character of English, after the Conquest, 72
  • Finan, St., Bishop of York, 27
  • Fire, the Great, of London, 427
  • Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, executed by Henry VIII., 295
  • Fitzgerald, Garrett, rebellion of, 346
  • —, Lord Edward, heads "United Irishmen," 588;
  • slain, 589
  • "Five Boroughs," the, of Mercia, 38, 39;
  • conquered by Edward the Elder, 44
  • Five Mile Act, the, 424
  • Flambard, Ralf, minister of William II., 84
  • Flanders, alliance of Edward III. with, 184, 185;
  • English trade with, 195;
  • commercial treaty with, 279;
  • campaigns of Marlborough in, 468-472
  • Fontenoy, battle of, 503, 504
  • Formigny, battle of, 242
  • Fornham, battle of, 110
  • Forster, Thomas, leads Jacobite rising, 487;
  • defeated at Preston, 488
  • "Forty-Five, the," 504-508
  • Fox, Charles James, character of, 556;
  • his coalition with North, 557;
  • his India Bill, 558;
  • resigns, 559;
  • approves of French Revolution, 577, 581;
  • takes office with Grenville, 608;
  • dies, 609
  • Francis I. of France, 286;
  • at Field of Cloth of Gold, 288;
  • wars of, with Henry VIII., 305
  • Francis II. of France, married to Mary, Queen of Scots, 310
  • Francis I., Emperor, 510
  • — II., Emperor, makes war on France, 578;
  • surrenders imperial title, 608;
  • See under Austria
  • —, Sir Philip, his "Letters of Junius," 567;
  • opposes Warren Hastings, 570
  • Fraternity, edict of, 579
  • Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, goes on third crusade, 116
  • — II. of Prussia, in war of Austrian Succession, 500, 502-510;
  • in Seven Years' war, 522, 537;
  • his victories of Rossbach and Leuthen, 525;
  • estranged from England, 537, 549
  • — William III. of Prussia, his wars with Napoleon, 610, 631
  • Free Trade, advocated by William Pitt, 563;
  • by Huskisson, 642;
  • by Peel, 666
  • Frobisher, Martin, his voyages, 334
  • Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, 620
  • Fyrd, the old English militia, 42
  • Gael, the, conquer Scotland and Ireland, 2
  • Gage, General, besieged in Boston, 546
  • Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, imprisoned by Somerset, 309;
  • restored by Mary, 316
  • Gates, General, defeats Burgoyne, 548;
  • defeated by Cornwallis, 556
  • Gaveston, Piers, favourite of Edward II., 171;
  • slain, 174
  • Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, son of Henry II., 106, 111
  • — Plantagenet, Earl of Anjou, father of Henry II., 91, 93
  • George I., his character and policy, 482;
  • his reign, 480-494
  • — II., his quarrels with his father, 483;
  • accession, 495;
  • his campaigns in Germany, 501;
  • victorious at Dettingen, 502;
  • dies, 531
  • — III., accession of, 532;
  • his character and policy, 533, 534;
  • his struggles with the Whigs, 533, 538, 541, 543;
  • his American policy, 549;
  • action on the India Bill, 549;
  • vetoes Catholic Emancipation, 596;
  • his madness, 596;
  • final quarrel with the Whigs, 609;
  • renewed madness, 622;
  • dies, 641
  • — IV., character of, 564;
  • his regency, 622;
  • abandons the Whigs, 638;
  • accession of, 641;
  • his quarrels with Queen Caroline, 641;
  • dies, 647
  • —, Prince of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne, deserts James II., 443;
  • his character, 461
  • Gerberoi, battle of, 77
  • Ghuznee, stormed by the English, 740
  • Gibraltar, won by the English, 468;
  • great siege of, 532
  • Ginckel, General, commander in Ireland, 452
  • Gladstone, William E., a Peelite, 667;
  • Chancellor of the Exchequer, 698;
  • prime minister, 705;
  • his ministry, 706-709;
  • speeches on Bulgarian atrocities, 710;
  • second ministry of, 712-716;
  • introduces Home Rule, 717;
  • its rejection, 717;
  • his last ministry, 721;
  • fails to pass his second Home Rule Bill, 722;
  • dies, 726
  • Glencoe, massacre of, 453
  • Glenshiel, battle of, 490
  • Gloucester, taken by the Saxons, 18;
  • besieged by Charles I., 387
  • —, Gilbert (1) de Clare, Earl of, overthrows De Montfort, 145, 149
  • —, Gilbert (2) de Clare, Earl of, slain at Bannockburn, 175
  • —, Thomas, Duke of, rises against Richard II., 207;
  • dismissed from power, 209;
  • murdered, 210
  • —, Humphrey, Duke of, Protector of Henry VI., 231;
  • his expedition to Hainault, 232;
  • his war-policy, 238, 239;
  • dies, 240
  • —, Richard, Duke of. See Richard III.
  • —, William, Duke of, son of Queen Anne, dies, 459
  • Glyndower, Owen, his rebellion against Henry IV., 214-216
  • Goderich, Lord, prime minister, 644
  • Godolphin, Lord, prime minister, 462;
  • his alliance with Marlborough, 472;
  • prosecutes Sacheverell, 474;
  • dismissed, 475
  • Godwine, Earl of Wessex, 55, 56, 57;
  • exiled, 58;
  • restored, 59
  • Gondomar, Spanish ambassador, 358
  • Gordon, Lord George, stirs up riots in London, 551
  • —, Charles George, General, his defence of Khartoum and
  • death, 714, 715
  • Goring, George, Lord, Cavalier general, 390;
  • defeated by Fairfax, 396
  • Gough, Hugh, Lord, commands against the Sikhs, 742, 743
  • Grafton, Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of, his ministry, 539-541;
  • American policy of, 542
  • Grand Remonstrance, the, 377
  • Great Council, the, under William I., 75
  • Greek war of independence, 642, 643
  • Gregory I., Pope, sends Augustine to England, 23
  • — VII., Pope, quarrel of, with William I., 76
  • Grenville, George, prime minister, 538;
  • prosecutes Wilkes, 539;
  • his American policy, 539
  • —, William, Lord, prime minister, 608;
  • defeated on Catholic question, 609;
  • abolishes slave-trade, 609
  • Grey, Lady Jane, marries Guildford Dudley, 312;
  • proclaimed queen, 313;
  • imprisoned, 315;
  • executed, 317
  • Grey, Charles, Lord, leader of Whigs, 638;
  • prime minister, 648;
  • carries Reform Bill, 650;
  • his Poor Law, 654;
  • resigns, 656
  • —, John de, favourite of John, 125
  • —, Lord Leonard, his conquests in Ireland, 302
  • Griqualand, diamond-fields of, 753
  • Guesclin, Bertram du, prisoner at Navarette, 196;
  • his successes, 198
  • Gunpowder Plot, the, 354
  • Guthrum, Danish chief, 37, 39;
  • his treaty with Alfred, 40
  • Guzerat, battle of, 743
  • Gwalior, stormed by British, 568;
  • battle of, 748
  • Gwynedd, Welsh kingdom of, 18, 26, 59, 83;
  • conquered by Edward I., 156
  • Habeas Corpus Act, passed, 433;
  • suspended by Pitt, 580
  • Hadrian, Emperor, visits Britain, his wall, 7
  • Haider Ali, his wars with the British, 568, 569
  • Hale's Case, 439
  • Halidon Hill, battle of, 182
  • Hamilton, William, Duke of, invades England, 399;
  • defeated at Preston, 400
  • Hampden, John, opposes Charles I., 365;
  • refuses to pay ship-money, 369;
  • killed at Chalgrove, 386
  • Hampton Court Conference, the, 352, 353
  • Hanover, House of, become kings of England, 482
  • —, electorate of, overrun by French, 525;
  • separated from England, 659
  • Harald Hardrada, slain at Stamford Bridge, 63
  • Hardinge, Henry, Lord, Governor-General of India, 742
  • Harfleur, siege of, by Henry V., 223
  • Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford. See Oxford
  • Harold, son of Cnut, King of England, 56
  • —, son of Godwine, minister of Edward the Confessor, 58;
  • his oath to William of Normandy, 59;
  • King of England, 61;
  • defeats Hardrada, 63;
  • slain at Hastings, 65
  • Harthacnut, King of England, 56
  • Hastenbeck, battle of, 525
  • Hastings, battle of, 65
  • —, Francis, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, his Pindaree
  • and Mahratta wars, 738, 739
  • —, William, Lord, executed by Richard III., 266
  • —, Warren, Governor-General of India, 567;
  • his Mahratta and Mysore wars, 569;
  • his impeachment and acquittal, 570, 571
  • Havelock, General, at Cawnpore and Lucknow, 747, 748
  • Hawke, Admiral, wins battle of Quiberon, 527
  • Hawkins, Sir John, American explorer, 333
  • Heathfield, battle of, 26
  • Heavenfield, battle of the, 26
  • Hedgely Moor, battle of, 255
  • Heligoland, seized by British, 612;
  • secured by treaty of Vienna, 631
  • Hengist the Jute, conquers Kent, 14, 15
  • Hengistesdun, battle of, 34
  • Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I., 363;
  • raises supplies for the royal army, 378
  • Henry I., King of England, 84;
  • his wars with Robert of Normandy, 87;
  • quarrels with Anselm, 89;
  • dies, 92
  • — II., declared heir of Stephen, 96;
  • his accession, 97;
  • his strong rule, 99;
  • quarrels with Becket, 100-105;
  • subdues Ireland, 108;
  • quells insurrection of his sons, 110, 111;
  • death, 113
  • — III., King of England, 134;
  • his misgovernment, 137;
  • wars with France, 137;
  • his servility to the Pope, 138;
  • signs Provisions of Oxford, 140;
  • defeated and captured by de Montfort, 142;
  • restored to the throne, 146;
  • dies, 147
  • — IV., plots against Richard II., 208;
  • exiled, 210;
  • seizes the crown, 211;
  • quells rebellion of Glyndower and Percy, 214-216;
  • dies, 219
  • — V., at battle of Shrewsbury, 216;
  • his father's minister, 218;
  • accession of, 220;
  • persecutes Lollards, 221;
  • invades France, 222;
  • wins Agincourt, 224;
  • conquers Normandy, 227, 228;
  • master of Northern France, 229;
  • dies, 230
  • — VI., King of England, 231;
  • his minority, 231-240;
  • weak rule of, 241-244;
  • his madness, 248;
  • in Wars of the Roses, 249-253;
  • imprisoned by Edward IV., 256;
  • restored to throne, 258;
  • murdered, 259
  • — VII., Earl of Richmond, and heir of Lancaster, 260;
  • overthrows Richard III., 270, 271;
  • marries Elizabeth of York, 273;
  • suppresses Simnel and Warbeck, 274, 275;
  • his foreign policy, 277, 279;
  • dies, 281
  • — VIII., wedded to Catherine of Aragon, 280;
  • character and policy of, 282;
  • his Scottish wars, 285;
  • his foreign policy, 288;
  • his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, 291-294;
  • quarrel with the Papacy, 292-295;
  • his religious changes, 297;
  • suppresses Pilgrimage of Grace, 301;
  • dissolves monasteries, 299-302;
  • his tyranny, 303-305;
  • later wars of, 305;
  • dies, 307
  • Henry, son of Henry II., crowned king, 104;
  • rebels against his father, 109;
  • dies, 111
  • —, Prince of Wales, son of James I., dies, 357
  • —, Cardinal of York, the last of the Stuarts, 509
  • Henry II., King of France, his wars with England, 310, 321
  • — IV., King of France, aided by Elizabeth, 340
  • — of Trastamara, King of Spain, his war with the Black Prince, 196
  • Hereford, Roger Bohun, Earl of, quarrels with Edward I., 166
  • —, Henry, Duke of. See Henry IV.
  • Heretico Comburendo, statute de, 215;
  • revived by Mary Tudor, 319
  • Hereward the Wake, rebellion and submission of, 71
  • High Commission, court of, arbitrary acts of, 369, 370;
  • abolished, 374;
  • revived by James II., 440
  • Hexham, battle of, 255
  • Hoche, General, his attempts on Ireland, 588
  • Hogue, La, battle of, 454
  • Hohenlinden, battle of, 593
  • Holkar state, the, made vassal to the British, 739
  • Holland, Henry, Earl of, executed, 401
  • —, John and Thomas, 202;
  • rebel against Henry IV., 214
  • —, rebels against Philip of Spain, 330;
  • aided by Elizabeth, 332, 335;
  • aids England against the Armada, 339;
  • shelters Royalists, 408;
  • wars with Cromwell, 409, 410;
  • wars of, with Charles II., 426, 430;
  • invaded by Lewis XIV., 430;
  • in war of the Spanish Succession, 463-476;
  • makes war on George III., 548;
  • conquered by French republicans, 584;
  • at war with England, 586, 587;
  • annexed by Napoleon, 622;
  • restored to House of Orange, 632;
  • coerced by England in 1830, 656
  • Holy Alliance, the, 643
  • Home Rule, party in Ireland headed by Parnell, 709, 712;
  • bill for, proposed by Mr. Gladstone, 717;
  • second bill for, rejected, 722
  • Homildon Hill, battle of, 215
  • Honorius, Emperor, evacuates Britain, 12
  • Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester, martyred, 319
  • Horsa, Jutish leader, 14, 15
  • Hotham, Sir John, repels Charles I. from Hull, 379
  • Howard, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII., executed, 304
  • —, Lady Frances, her crime and trial, 356
  • — of Effingham, Charles, Lord, defeats Armada, 338, 339
  • Howe, General, wins battle of Brooklyn, 547;
  • takes Philadelphia, 548
  • Howe, Richard, Lord, defeats the French fleet, 582
  • Hubba, Danish chief, 36, 38
  • Humble Petition and Advice, the, 415
  • Hundred Days, the, 628
  • —, Ordinance of the, 50
  • — years' war, the, 183
  • Huskisson, William, president of the Board of Trade, 641;
  • his commercial policy, 642;
  • dismissed by Wellington, 645;
  • death of, 653
  • Hyde, Anne, marries James, Duke of York, 425
  • Imperial Federation, 756
  • Impey, Sir Elijah, condemns Nuncomar, 567
  • Income tax, origin of the, 663
  • Independence, American, declaration of the, 547
  • Independents, the, their disputes with the Presbyterians, 397;
  • offer terms to Charles I., 399;
  • in power, 401
  • India, first English trade to, 341;
  • Mogul empire in, 511;
  • first struggle of French and English in, 512;
  • Clive and Dupleix in, 518, 519;
  • English disasters in, 523;
  • conquests of English in, 529, 530;
  • governed by Clive and Warren Hastings, 566-570;
  • governed by Cornwallis, 571-573;
  • by Lord Wellesley, 594;
  • conquests of Lake and Wellesley in, 603, 604;
  • later history of, 735-749;
  • Indian Mutiny, the, 745
  • Indulgence, the Declaration of, 430
  • Ingwar, Danish chief, 36
  • Inkerman, battle of, 688
  • Innocent III., Pope, his quarrel with King John, 125;
  • John does homage to him, 132
  • Instrument of Government, the, 412
  • Investitures, contest about, 90
  • Ionian Islands, the, ceded to Britain, 631
  • Ireland, conquered by the Gaels, 2;
  • attacked by Norsemen, 34;
  • expedition of Strongbow to, 107;
  • does homage to Henry II., 108;
  • rebels against Edward II., 177;
  • expedition of Richard II. against, 211;
  • ruled by Earl of Kildare, 280;
  • conquests of Henry VIII. in, 302;
  • conquests of Elizabeth in, 345;
  • rebellions of Desmond and Tyrone, 346, 347;
  • Ulster colonized by James I., 361;
  • rule of Stafford in, 368;
  • the great rebellion, 376;
  • intrigues of Charles I. in, 389;
  • subdued by Cromwell, 403, 404;
  • James II.'s dealings with, 449;
  • conquered by William of Orange, 451, 452;
  • the Volunteers secure Home Rule for, 551, 552;
  • discontent in, 587;
  • the rebellion of '98, 590, 591;
  • the Union with England, 591;
  • Emmet's rebellion, 603;
  • O'Connell's agitation for Catholic Emancipation, 646;
  • the Repeal movement, 648;
  • the tithe war, 656;
  • the Young Ireland party, 664;
  • the potato famine, 668;
  • Smith O'Brien's rising, 669;
  • Fenianism, 704;
  • Gladstone's Irish Church Bill, 706;
  • his Land Act, 706;
  • the Home Rule agitation, 709;
  • the Irish parliamentary party, 715;
  • dealings of the second Gladstone cabinet with Ireland, 716;
  • Home Rule promised to, by Gladstone, 717;
  • rejected, 718;
  • second Home Rule Bill rejected, 722
  • Ireton, Henry, Parliamentary general, 404
  • Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., 179;
  • deposes him, 180;
  • imprisoned by her son, 181
  • Jacobins, in France, 581;
  • their atrocities, 582, 583
  • Jacobites, the, their strength, 448, 449;
  • conspire against William of Orange, 456;
  • intrigues of, at death of Queen Anne, 479;
  • raise the rebellion of 1715, 486, 487;
  • raise the rebellion of 1745, 504, 505;
  • gradual decay of, 509, 534
  • Jacquerie, the, 193
  • Jamaica taken by Cromwell, 415
  • James I., becomes King of Scotland, 328;
  • accession to English throne, 350;
  • his character, 351;
  • religious policy, 352;
  • disputes with the Commons, 355;
  • subservience to Spain, 357;
  • ruled by his favourites, 356-358;
  • dies, 361
  • — II., attacked, in Exclusion Bill, 431;
  • his accession, 436;
  • character and policy, 437-439, 440;
  • his tyranny, 441-443;
  • his panic at invasion of William, 443;
  • flies to France, 444;
  • his campaign in Ireland, 450, 451;
  • dies, 460
  • —, Prince of Wales, the Old Pretender, his birth, 441;
  • proclaimed king by Lewis XIV., 460;
  • strict Romanism of, 478;
  • his campaign in Scotland, 489
  • James I. of Scotland, captured by Henry IV., 218;
  • returns to Scotland, 232
  • — IV. of Scotland, aids Perkin Warbeck, 276;
  • slain at Flodden, 285
  • — V. of Scotland, his wars with Henry VIII., 305
  • — VI. of Scotland. See James I. of England
  • Jameson, Dr., his piratical raid, 725
  • Jane Grey, Lady, her reign, 313;
  • her execution, 317
  • Jane Seymour, queen of Henry VIII., 300;
  • dies, 302
  • Jeanne d'Arc, raises siege of Orleans, 235;
  • crowns Charles VII., 236;
  • captured and burnt, 237
  • Jeffreys, Judge, his Bloody Assize, 438;
  • Lord Chancellor, 439
  • Jelalabad, siege of, 741
  • Jena, battle of, 610
  • Jenkins, Captain, his ear, 496
  • Jervis, Admiral, wins battle of Cape St. Vincent, 587
  • Jesuit intrigues against Elizabeth, 334
  • Jews, persecution of, 115;
  • expelled from England by Edward I., 152
  • John, made lord of Ireland, 111;
  • conspires against his father, 113;
  • intrigues against his brother Richard, 119;
  • King of England, 122;
  • loses his continental dominions, 124;
  • his quarrel with the Pope, 125;
  • with the baronage, 128;
  • signs Magna Carta, 130;
  • war with the barons, 132;
  • dies, 133
  • — of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III., 195;
  • commands in France, 198;
  • favours the Lollards, 200;
  • rules for Richard II., 202;
  • invades Spain, 207;
  • dies, 210
  • —, King of France, his war with England, 190;
  • captured at Poictiers, 192;
  • released, 194
  • Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain. See Bonaparte
  • Josephine, Empress, divorced by Napoleon, 619
  • Jumièges, Robert of, Archbishop of Canterbury, expelled by Godwine, 85
  • Junius, letters of, 544, 567
  • Junot, General, invades Portugal, 611;
  • defeated at Vimiero, 617
  • Jutes, the, conquer Kent, 14, 15
  • Kaffir wars, 753
  • Kenilworth, dictum of, 147
  • Kenneth McAlpine, first King of Scotland, 47
  • Kent, kingdom of, founded by Hengist, 15;
  • converted to Christianity, 24;
  • annexed to Wessex, 31
  • —, Edmund, Earl of, executed, 181
  • —, Edward, Duke of, father of Queen Victoria, 639
  • —, Thomas Holland, Earl of, 202;
  • rising and death of, 214
  • Ker, Robert. See Somerset
  • Ket, Robert, rebellion of, 310
  • Kildare, Gerald, Earl of, 280
  • Killiecrankie, battle of, 449
  • Kilsyth, battle of, 395
  • Kilwarden, Ld., murdered by Emmet, 603
  • King's Friends, the, 534
  • Kinsale, battle of, 347
  • Kirke, Colonel, his cruelty, 438
  • Kitchener, Herbert, Lord, destroys the Mahdists of the Soudan, 725;
  • commands in South Africa, 732
  • Kruger, Paul, President of Transvaal, his policy, 724, 725;
  • declares war on England, 727, 728;
  • flies to Europe, 731
  • La Fayette, defeated by Cornwallis, 552
  • Labourers, statute of, 190
  • Ladysmith, siege and relief of, 728-730
  • Lagos, battle of, 526
  • Lake, Gerald, Lord, his victories in India, 604
  • Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, opposes Gaveston, 173;
  • government of, 176;
  • overthrown by Edward II., 178
  • —, John of Gaunt, Duke of. See John
  • —, House of. See Henry IV., V., VI.
  • Landen, battle of, 454
  • Land League, the, in Ireland, 715
  • Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, 75;
  • dies, 84
  • Langton, Stephen, made Archbishop by Innocent III., 126;
  • his patriotism, 128;
  • draws up Magna Carta, 130
  • Lansdowne, battle of, 386
  • Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, martyred, 319
  • Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, his policy, 367;
  • his Court of High Commission, 369;
  • attempts to force Episcopacy on Scotland, 370;
  • impeached, 373;
  • executed, 393
  • Laudabiliter, the Bull, 99
  • Lawrence, Sir John, defends the Punjab, 746
  • Leicester, stormed by Charles I., 394
  • —, Robert Dudley, Earl of, favourite of Elizabeth, 324;
  • his expedition to Holland, 335;
  • dies, 348
  • —, Simon de Montfort, Earl of, rules Guienne, 139;
  • heads baronage against Henry III., 140;
  • victorious at Lewes, 142;
  • his rule, 143-145;
  • slain at Evesham, 146
  • Leofric, Earl of Mercia, 55
  • Leofwine, brother of Harold, slain at Hastings, 65
  • Leopold of Austria, his quarrel with Richard I., 117;
  • imprisons him, 118
  • — of Saxe-Coburg, marries Princess Charlotte, 639;
  • King of Belgium, 656
  • Levellers, rising of the, 403
  • Lewes, battle of, 142
  • —, Mise of, 143
  • Lewis VII. of France, wars of, with Henry II., 100, 109
  • — VIII. of France, elected King of England, 132;
  • expelled from England, 135
  • — IX. of France, defeats Henry III. at Taillebourg, 137;
  • arbitrator between Henry and the barons, 141
  • — XI. of France, aids Margaret of Anjou, 254, 255;
  • his treaty with Edward IV., 262
  • — XII. of France, his wars with Henry VIII., 284;
  • marries Mary of England, 284
  • — XIII. of France, war of Charles I. with, 364, 365
  • — XIV. of France, his aggressive policy, 429, 447;
  • signs treaty of Ryswick, 455;
  • renews war with England, 463;
  • disastrous struggle of, with Marlborough, 466-476;
  • signs treaty of Utrecht, 476; dies, 486
  • Lewis XV. of France, joins Family Compact, 496;
  • makes war on Maria Theresa, 501, 503;
  • engages in Seven Years' War, 522
  • — XVI. of France, aids American rebels, 548;
  • summons States-General, 574;
  • his flight to Varennes, 578;
  • execution, 581
  • — XVIII. of France, restored to throne, 622;
  • expelled by Bonaparte, 628;
  • second restoration of, 631
  • Limerick, siege of, 452
  • Lincoln, taken by Edward the Elder, 45;
  • battle of, 134
  • —, Abraham, President of the United States, 696
  • —, John de la Pole, Earl of, declared heir of Richard III., 269;
  • rebels against Henry VII., 273;
  • slain at Stoke, 274
  • Lindsey, Lord, Royalist general, 382
  • Lisle, Alice, Lady, executed, 438
  • Liverpool, Robert Jenkinson, Earl of, prime minister, 622;
  • reactionary policy of, 637;
  • dealings with Reform agitation, 640;
  • takes Canning into partnership, 641;
  • retires, 644
  • Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, 143;
  • defeated by Edward I., 155;
  • last rebellion and death of, 156
  • Locke, John, persecuted by Charles II., 440
  • Lollards, followers of Wicliffe, 199;
  • communistic doctrines of, 203;
  • power of, 209;
  • persecuted by Henry IV., 219;
  • by Henry V., 220
  • London, sacked by Boadicea, 6;
  • taken by East Saxons, 16;
  • taken by Danes, 38;
  • besieged by Swegen, 54;
  • taken by William the Conqueror, 67;
  • receives a charter from Henry I., 88;
  • expels Queen Matilda, 95;
  • Longbeard's riots in, 121;
  • sides with the barons, 142;
  • opposes Charles I., 381;
  • Great Plague of, 427;
  • Great Fire of, 427;
  • Gordon riots in, 551;
  • Parliamentary reform in, 650;
  • riots in, 639;
  • Chartists in, 670
  • Londonderry. See Derry
  • Long Parliament, the. See Parliament
  • Longchamp, William, justiciar of Richard I., 115;
  • expelled from England, 119
  • Lovel, Francis, Lord, favourite of Richard III., 270;
  • rebellion and death of, 273, 274
  • Lucknow, relieved by Havelock, 747;
  • taken by Lord Clyde, 748
  • Ludford, rout of, 249
  • Luther, Martin, preaches against papal abuses, 290
  • Luxembourg, Marshal, wins battles of Steenkerke and Landen, 454
  • Macbeth, crimes and death of, 59
  • Madoc, of Wales, rebellion of, 157, 163
  • Madras, English factory at, taken by Dupleix, 512;
  • presidency of, 594
  • Magersfontein, battle of, 729
  • Magna Carta, its provisions, 130, 131
  • Mahdi, the war with, 714, 715;
  • his followers crushed, 726
  • Mahrattas, the rise of, 511;
  • war of Hastings with, 568;
  • war of Wellesley with, 604;
  • conquered by Lord Hastings, 738, 739
  • Major-Generals, Cromwell governs England by, 413
  • Malcolm Canmore, wars of, with William I., 70;
  • with William II., 82, 83
  • Malplaquet, battle of, 471
  • Malta, captured by British, 594;
  • quarrels with Bonaparte about, 600
  • Mal-tolt levied by Edward I., 166;
  • by Edward III., 185
  • Manchester, Edward Montagu, Earl of, Parliamentary general, 387;
  • at Marston Moor, 390;
  • at Newbury, 392;
  • removed from command, 393
  • Manchester massacre, the, 639, 640
  • Maori wars, the, 752
  • Mar, John, Earl of, raises Jacobite rising, 487;
  • at Sheriffmuir, 489
  • Marat, Jacobin leader, 581
  • March, Edmund, Earl of, heir to Richard II., 212;
  • proclaimed king, 216;
  • released by Henry V., 220
  • —, Roger, Earl of, slain in Ireland, 211
  • Marengo, battle of, 503
  • Margaret, St., wife of Malcolm Canmore, 70, 83
  • —, the "Maid of Norway," 158
  • — of Anjou, marries Henry VI., 240;
  • heads the Lancastrians, 240, 241;
  • her alliance with Warwick, 257;
  • defeated at Tewkesbury, 258
  • — of York, marries Charles the Rash, 256;
  • suborns Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck, 273-275
  • Maria Louisa, wife of Napoleon I., 619
  • Maria Theresa, war of succession of, 500-510;
  • her attack on Frederic II., 521, 522
  • Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, deserts James II., 443;
  • Jacobite intrigues of, 453;
  • his power under Queen Anne, 462;
  • his military and diplomatic genius, 464;
  • victorious campaigns of, 464-471;
  • superseded and disgraced, 475;
  • dies, 484
  • —, Sarah, Duchess of, her ascendency over Queen Anne, 462;
  • disgraced, 475
  • Marmont, Marshal, defeated at Salamanca, 624
  • Marston Moor, battle of, 390
  • Martin Mar-prelate, tracts of, 344
  • Mary I., Queen of England, 315;
  • crushes rebellion of Northumberland, 317;
  • marries Philip of Spain, 318;
  • her persecutions, 319;
  • war with France, 321;
  • death of, 321
  • Mary of Modena, wife of James II., 441, 444
  • Mary II., Queen, marries William of Orange, 431;
  • accession of, 445;
  • death of, 456
  • Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII., her marriages, 284
  • Mary, Queen of Scots, 305;
  • marries Francis of France, 310;
  • heiress to English crown, 326;
  • marries Darnley, 327;
  • marries Bothwell, 327;
  • imprisoned at Lochleven, 328;
  • escapes to England, 329;
  • her conspiracies against Elizabeth, 332-336;
  • executed, 336
  • Maserfield, battle of, 27
  • Masham, Mrs., favourite of Queen Anne, 475
  • Massachusetts Government Act, 545
  • Masséna, Marshal, defeated by Wellington, 619, 620
  • Matilda of Scotland, queen of Henry I., 87
  • Matilda, daughter of Henry I., her marriages, 91;
  • claims English throne, 93, 94;
  • defeated by Stephen, 95, 96
  • Maurice of Saxony, wins the battle of Fontenoy, 503
  • Mauritius annexed by England, 631
  • Meanee, battle of, 741
  • Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commands the Armada, 337
  • Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt, invades the Peloponnesus, 644;
  • his war with England, 661
  • Mehidpore, battle of, 739
  • Melbourne, William Lamb, Lord, joins Lord Grey's ministry, 648;
  • prime minister, 657-662
  • Mellitus, Bishop of Rochester, 24
  • Mercia, kingdom of, 17;
  • wars of, with Northumbria, 27;
  • supremacy of, 30, 31;
  • overrun by Danes, 37;
  • partitioned by treaty of Wedmore, 40
  • Methodist movement, the, 516
  • Militia, the (See Fyrd), reorganized by Edward I., 152;
  • control of, disputed between Charles I. and Parliament, 378
  • Milner, Alfred, Lord, his policy in South Africa, 727
  • Milton, John, secretary to Cromwell, 414, 415
  • Minden, battle of, 527
  • Minorca, ceded to Britain, 476;
  • taken by Duc de Richelieu, 523;
  • finally taken from Britain, 551
  • Mir Jaffar, his treaty with Clive, 530
  • Mir Kassim, his war with England, 560
  • Mise of Amiens, 141
  • Mise of Lewes, 143
  • Mohammed Ali, Nawab of the Carnatic, 518;
  • restored by the British, 519;
  • dies, 566
  • Monasteries, suppression of the lesser, 298, 299;
  • of the greater, 302, 303
  • Monk, George, Governor of Scotland, 414;
  • restores Charles II., 418, 419;
  • commands fleet against Dutch, 426
  • Monmouth, James, Duke of, wins battle of Bothwell Brig, 433;
  • his rebellion and execution, 437, 438
  • Monopolies, abolished by Queen Elizabeth, 348;
  • favoured by Charles I., 368
  • Montcalm, Marquis of, his successes in Canada, 523, 526;
  • defeated at Quebec, 528
  • Montfort, Simon de. See Leicester
  • Montrose, James, Marquis of, defeats Covenanters in Scotland, 395;
  • defeated at Philiphaugh, 396;
  • executed, 404
  • Moore, Sir John, General, in Spain, 615;
  • slain at Corunna, 616
  • Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, 60, 63, 64;
  • rebels against William I., 71
  • More, Sir Thomas, executed by Henry VIII., 295
  • Moreau, General, defeats the Austrians at Hohenlinden, 593
  • Mortimer, Roger, defeats Edward Bruce, 177;
  • exiled, 178;
  • his conspiracy with Queen Isabella, 178;
  • rules England, 180;
  • executed, 181
  • Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 252
  • Mortmain, statute of, 150
  • Morton, Bishop of Ely, 270, 273
  • Moscow, burning of, 624
  • Murray, James, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, 328
  • Mysore, wars of Warren Hastings with, 569;
  • of Cornwallis with, 571, 572;
  • of Wellesley with, 594
  • Najara, battle of, 196
  • Namur, taken by William III., 455
  • Nana Sahib, commits massacre of Cawnpore, 747
  • Napier, General Sir Charles, conquers Scinde, 741
  • —, Admiral Sir Charles, 655
  • —, Robert, Lord, of Magdala, invades Abyssinia, 705
  • Napoleon I. (See Bonaparte), assumes title of Emperor, 604;
  • conquers Austria, 608;
  • conquers Prussia, 610;
  • his continental system, 611, 612;
  • campaign in Spain, 613-615;
  • campaign of Wagram, 619;
  • Russian campaign, 623;
  • defeated at Leipsic, 625;
  • first abdication, 626;
  • returns from Elba, 628;
  • the Hundred Days, 628-630;
  • second abdication, and exile to St. Helena, 631
  • — III., Louis, President of French Republic, and Emperor, 671;
  • recognized by Palmerston, 672;
  • joins England in Crimean war, 683;
  • expels Austrians from Italy, 695;
  • his disastrous war against Germany, 707
  • Naseby, battle of, 394
  • Navarino, battle of, 643
  • Navigation Acts, the, 409
  • Nelson, Horatio, Lord, at battle of St. Vincent, 587;
  • wins battle of the Nile, 592;
  • wins battle of Copenhagen, 595;
  • pursues Villeneuve, 606;
  • dies victorious at Trafalgar, 609
  • Nepaul War, the, 738
  • Neville's Cross, battle of, 189
  • New England settled by Puritans, 361
  • New Model Army, the, formed by Fairfax and Cromwell, 393;
  • at Naseby, 395;
  • refuses to disband, 398;
  • seizes person of Charles I., 399
  • New Orleans, battle of, 627
  • New South Wales, colonized by British, 750;
  • later history of, 751
  • New Zealand, colonized by British, 752
  • Newburn, rout of, 372
  • Newbury, first battle of, 387;
  • second battle of, 392
  • Newcastle, William Cavendish, marquis of, his campaign in
  • Yorkshire, 386-389;
  • defeated at Marston Moor, 390
  • —, Thomas Hollis, Duke of, minister of George II., 499-503;
  • his fall, 524;
  • takes office with Pitt, 524;
  • dismissed by George III., 536
  • Newtown Butler, battle of, 451
  • Nile, battle of the, 592
  • Nithsdale, Earl of, Jacobite leader, 487;
  • escape of, from prison, 489
  • Nizam, the, dealings of Clive and Dupleix with, 518;
  • becomes a vassal of the East India Company, 603, 604
  • Nonconformists, rise of the, under Elizabeth, 344;
  • under James I., 352;
  • persecuted by Laud, 367;
  • legislation of Charles II. against, 423, 424;
  • intrigues of James II. with, 440;
  • legislation of Bolingbroke against, 479
  • Non-jurors, the, 448
  • Norfolk, settled by East Angles, 16
  • —, Roger Bigod, Earl of, opposes Edward I., 166
  • —, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of, a Lord Appellant, 208;
  • exiled by Richard II., 210
  • —, John Howard, Duke of, favoured by Richard III., 265;
  • slain at Bosworth, 271
  • —, Thomas Howard, Duke of, imprisoned by Henry VIII., 307;
  • released by Mary, 316
  • —, Thomas Howard, Duke of, conspires against Elizabeth, 329;
  • executed, 332
  • Norman Conquest, the, 67
  • Normandy, Ethelred II. takes refuge in, 54;
  • relations of, with Edward the Confessor, 57, 58;
  • united to England, 67;
  • conquered by William II., 84;
  • conquered by Henry I., 90;
  • lost by John, 124;
  • conquered by Henry V., 227;
  • reconquered by the French, 242
  • North, Frederick, Lord, minister of George III., 544;
  • his scheme for taxing America, 545;
  • brings on American war, 547;
  • resigns, 552;
  • takes office with Fox, 557;
  • dismissed by George III., 559
  • Northampton, council of, 103;
  • battle of, 250
  • Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of, rebels against Henry IV., 216;
  • slain at Bramham Moor, 217
  • —, Thomas Percy, Earl of, heads rising in the North, 329, 330
  • —, John Dudley, Duke of, minister of Edward VI., 308;
  • Protector, 310;
  • proclaims Lady Jane Grey queen, 313;
  • executed, 315
  • Northumbria, kingdom of, 17;
  • conversion of, 25;
  • supremacy of, in Britain, 27;
  • overrun by Danes, 36;
  • reconquered by Athelstan, 46
  • Nova Scotia, ceded to England, 476;
  • joins Dominion of Canada, 755
  • Nuncomar (Nandukumar) executed by Impey, 567
  • Oates, Titus, invents Popish Plot, 432
  • O'Brien, Smith, his rebellion, 669, 670
  • O'Connell, Daniel, leader of Irish party, 646;
  • enters Parliament, 647;
  • his tithe war, 657, 658;
  • agitates for repeal, 658, 664;
  • his power declines, 664
  • O'Connor, Feargus, Chartist leader, 660;
  • his abortive demonstration, 670
  • Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury, 48
  • Odo of Bayeux, regent for William I., 69;
  • imprisoned by William I., 77;
  • rebels against William II., 82
  • Offa, King of Mercia, 30
  • Oldcastle, Sir John, martyred, 221
  • Olive Branch Petition, the, 547
  • Omdurman, battle of, 726
  • Omichund deceived by Clive, 530
  • Orange, William I. of, leader of Dutch insurgents, 332;
  • assassinated, 335
  • —, William II. of, marries Mary, daughter of Charles I., 409
  • —, William III. See William III., King of England
  • Orange Free State, origin of the, 752;
  • declares war on England, 728;
  • annexed, 731
  • Orangemen in Ireland, 589;
  • suppress the rebellion of '98, 590
  • Ordainers, the Lords, 173
  • Orders in Council, the, 611
  • Orleans, siege of, 234
  • —, Philip of, regent of France, 486
  • Ormond, James Butler, Marquis of, Lord Deputy of Ireland, aids Charles I., 389;
  • resists Cromwell, 402
  • —, James Butler, Duke of, supersedes Marlborough, 477;
  • Jacobite intrigues of, 486
  • Orsini question, the, 693
  • Osbert, King of Northumbria, 36
  • Oswald, St., King of Northumbria, 26
  • Oswiu, King of Northumbria, slays Penda, 27;
  • at Synod of Whitby, 28
  • Oude, wars of English with, 566;
  • dealings of Warren Hastings with, 568;
  • annexed, 744;
  • the mutiny in, 746
  • Oudenarde, battle of, 470
  • Overbury, Sir Thomas, poisoned by Countess of Essex, 356
  • Oxford, Provisions of, 140;
  • Charles I. at, 383;
  • siege of, 396
  • —, Robert Harley, Earl of, prime minister, 474;
  • concludes treaty of Utrecht, 476;
  • ousted by Bolingbroke, 479
  • Paardeburg, battle of, 731
  • Paine, Tom, 580
  • Pale, the, 108, 177
  • Palmerston, Henry Temple, Lord, joins Lord Grey's cabinet 648;
  • his foreign policy, 654 661;
  • foreign secretary with Lord John Russell, 668;
  • dismissed, 672;
  • returns to office, 690;
  • his first premiership, 690-693;
  • his second premiership, 695-698;
  • dies, 699
  • Pandulf, papal legate to King John, 127
  • Papacy, first relations of England with, 24;
  • dealings of William I. with, 76;
  • quarrel of John with, 126, 127;
  • subservience of Henry III. to, 138;
  • Wicliffe and the, 199;
  • corruption of the, at Renaissance, 289;
  • quarrel of Henry VIII. with, 293;
  • Mary and the, 316;
  • quarrel of Elizabeth with the, 331
  • Paris, taken by Henry V., 228;
  • recovered by the French, 239;
  • Peace of, 536;
  • taken by the allies in 1814, 625;
  • by Wellington in 1815, 631;
  • treaty of, 691
  • Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, 323
  • Parker, John, mutineer leader at the Nore, 586
  • Parliament, the Mad, 140; de Montfort's, 144;
  • assumes its permanent shape under Edward I., 153;
  • assumes control of royal revenue, 166;
  • withstands Edward III., 185;
  • the Good, 200;
  • the Merciless, 208;
  • its impotence under the Tudors, 288-292;
  • Elizabeth's dealings with, 348;
  • quarrels of, with James I., 355;
  • early strife of Charles I. with, 363-365;
  • the Short, 371;
  • the Long, 372;
  • its reforms, 374-377;
  • the Rump, 401;
  • Barebones', 410;
  • the Long restored, 418;
  • the first Convention, 421;
  • the Cavalier, 422;
  • the second Convention, 445;
  • Whig management of, 484, 485;
  • reform of, proposed by Pitt, 558.
  • See Reform Bill
  • Parnell, Charles Stuart, Irish leader, 712-715;
  • fall and death, 720, 721
  • Partition treaties, the Spanish, 458
  • Passaro, Cape, battle of, 490
  • Patay, battle of, 236
  • Patrick, St., apostle of Ireland, 13
  • Paul III., Pope, excommunicates Henry VIII., 295
  • —, Czar of Russia, his alliance with Bonaparte, 594;
  • murdered, 595
  • Paulinus, first Bishop of York, 25
  • Pedro the Cruel, of Castile, restored by the Black Prince, 196
  • Peel, Sir Robert, home secretary, 641;
  • leader of Tories, 656;
  • prime minister, 662;
  • imposes income tax, 663;
  • converted to Free Trade, 666;
  • resigns, 667;
  • dies, 680
  • Pelagius, heretic, 13
  • Pelham, Henry, minister of George II., 499-503;
  • overthrows Carteret, 503;
  • converts National Debt, 513
  • Pembroke, William Marshal, Earl of, regent for Henry III., 134
  • —, Aymer de Valence, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, 170, 172;
  • conspires against Gaveston, 173
  • Penda, King of Mercia, defeats Eadwine, 26;
  • defeats Oswald, 27;
  • slain by Oswiu, 27
  • Peninsular War, the, 614-625
  • Perceval, Spencer, minister of George III., 609;
  • assassinated, 622
  • Percy, Henry (Hotspur), rebellion of, 215;
  • slain at Shrewsbury, 216
  • —, Thomas, conspires with Fawkes, 354
  • Persian war, the, 692
  • Petition of Right, the, 366
  • Petitioners and Abhorrers, 434
  • Philip I. of France, aids rebels against William I., 77;
  • his war with William I., 79
  • — II., Augustus, aids sons of Henry II., 112;
  • goes on third Crusade, 116;
  • his intrigues against Richard I., 119, 120;
  • supports Arthur of Brittany, 123;
  • conquers Normandy and Anjou, 124;
  • threatens to invade England, 127;
  • victorious at Bouvines, 128
  • — IV., the Fair, his wars with Edward I., 162, 163, 168
  • — VI. of France, his war with Edward III., 183;
  • defeated at Crécy, 187
  • — II. of Spain, married to Queen Mary, 318;
  • proposes to marry Elizabeth, 324;
  • his plots against Elizabeth, 332-335;
  • sends out Armada, 337;
  • dies, 348
  • — III. of Spain, his alliance with James I., 355, 358
  • — IV. of Spain, and the Spanish marriages, 359
  • — V. of Anjou, claims Spanish throne, 458;
  • acknowledged by England, 476
  • Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III., saves burghers of
  • Calais, 189;
  • wins battle of Neville's Cross, 189
  • Philiphaugh, battle of, 395
  • Picts, northern tribes of Britain, 3;
  • ravage Roman Britain, 11;
  • united to Scots, 47
  • Pilgrimage of Grace, the, 300
  • Pindarees, the, 738
  • Pinkie, battle of, 309
  • Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, attacks Carteret, 503;
  • his first ministry, 524;
  • alliance with Newcastle, 525;
  • warlike successes of, 526-531;
  • dismissed by George III., 535;
  • takes office with Grafton, 542;
  • made Earl of Chatham, 542;
  • last speech and death, 549
  • —, William, the younger, takes office with Shelburne, 556;
  • his Reform Bill, 558;
  • prime minister, 559;
  • his wise rule, 501-505;
  • his India Bill, 571;
  • his attitude towards French Revolution, 579;
  • his war-policy, 581-584;
  • his Union of Ireland and England, 590;
  • forms coalitions against France, 593-603;
  • resigns, 595;
  • recalled to office, 603;
  • dies, 608
  • Pius V., Pope, issues bull against Elizabeth, 331
  • "Plan of Campaign," the, 718
  • Plassey, battle of, 530
  • Poictiers, battle of, 191
  • Pole, Henry, Lord Montagu, executed by Henry VIII., 301
  • —, Reginald, papal legate, 318;
  • Archbishop of Canterbury, 319;
  • dies, 321
  • —, Michael de la, minister of Richard II., 207;
  • exiled, 208
  • Pole de la. See under Suffolk and Lincoln, Earls of
  • Pondicherry, taken by the English, 531
  • Poor Laws, of Queen Elizabeth, 342;
  • evil working of, 635, 636;
  • reform of, in 1834, 654
  • Popish Plot, the, 432
  • Portland, William Bentinck, Duke of, prime minister, 609
  • Portobello, taken by Admiral Vernon, 499
  • Portugal, joins in war of Spanish Succession, 463;
  • invaded by Junot, 612;
  • freed by Wellesley, 615 (see under Peninsular War);
  • civil wars in, 655
  • Poynings' Act, 281;
  • repealed, 552
  • Praemunire, statute of, 200
  • Pragmatic Sanction, the, 500
  • Prayer-book, first English, 308;
  • second, 311;
  • re-issued by Elizabeth, 324
  • Presbyterians, rise of the, 369;
  • their strife with Independents, 397;
  • their negotiations with Charles I., 398;
  • crushed by the army, 399
  • Preston, first battle of, 400;
  • second, 488
  • Preston Pans, battle of, 505
  • Pride's Purge, 401
  • Protectionists, the, 660, 680
  • Protestantism, origin of, in England, 308-311
  • Provisors, statute of, 200
  • Prussia, joins in war of Spanish Succession, 464;
  • wars of, with Austria, 500-502;
  • war with Austria and France, 522;
  • attacks French Republic, 578;
  • makes peace with France, 584;
  • wars of, with Napoleon, 610, 611, 624, 625, 629, 630;
  • under Bismarck, 705, 707
  • Prynne, William, condemned by Star Chamber, 270
  • Punjab, power of the Sikhs in, 737;
  • conquered by the British, 743
  • Puritans, rise of the, 314;
  • persecutions of, 344;
  • secede from Church of England, 353;
  • colonize New England, 361.
  • See Presbyterians and Independents
  • Pym, John, Parliamentary leader, 365, 371, 372, 375
  • Pyrenees, battle of the, 625
  • Quatre Bras, battle of, 628
  • Quebec, battle of, 528
  • Queensland, colony of, 751
  • _Quia emptores_, statute of, 152
  • Quiberon, battle of, 527
  • _Quo warranto_, the writ of, 151
  • Raglan, Fitzroy, Lord, commands in the Crimea, 684-690
  • Rajputana, becomes vassal to East India Company, 739
  • Raleigh, Sir Walter, founds colony of Virginia, 341;
  • imprisoned for Cobham's plot, 344;
  • his voyage up the Orinoco and execution, 358
  • Ramillies, battle of, 468
  • Rangoon, captured by British, 743
  • Ratcliffe, Richard, favourite of Richard III., 270, 271
  • Reform, Parliamentary, agitation for, 638, 647
  • Reform Bill, the, of 1832, introduced by Lord John Russell, 648;
  • rejected by the Peers, 649;
  • passed, 650
  • —, the, of 1866, 703
  • —, the, of 1885, 716
  • Reformation, the, in Germany, 290, 296;
  • in England, 297, 302, 308, 311;
  • in Scotland, 326
  • Remonstrance, the Grand, 377
  • Renaissance, the, 290
  • Repeal, agitation in Ireland for, 657, 658, 664
  • Revolution, the, of 1688, 443-447
  • —, the French, 574
  • Rhodes, Cecil, his designs, 724, 725
  • Richard I., conspires against his father, 109-112;
  • his accession, 114;
  • at the Crusades, 115-118;
  • his imprisonment in Germany, 118;
  • return to England, 120;
  • his wars and death, 121, 122
  • — II., 200;
  • his dealings with Tyler's rebellion, 206;
  • assumes the government, 207;
  • overruled by Lords Appellant, 208;
  • resumes power, 209;
  • his tyranny, 210;
  • expedition to Ireland and abdication, 211, 212;
  • murdered, 214
  • — III., Duke of Gloucester, murders Henry VI., 259;
  • his campaign in Scotland, 263;
  • seizes regency, 265;
  • declared king, 267;
  • murders the princes, 268;
  • slain at Bosworth, 271
  • Richard, Earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry III., 141-143
  • Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London, martyred, 319
  • Ridolfi's plot, 331
  • Rights, Bill of, 446
  • Rivers, Anthony, Earl, executed by Richard III., 264, 268
  • Rizzio, David, murder of, 327
  • Robert I., Bruce, rebels against Edward I., 168;
  • slays Comyn, 168;
  • crowned King of Scotland, 170;
  • his war against Edward I., 173;
  • victorious at Bannockburn, 176;
  • his invasions of England, 177, 180
  • — III., of Scotland, 214, 218
  • —, son of William I., rebellion of, 77;
  • Duke of Normandy, 81;
  • goes on crusade, 84;
  • his wars with Henry I., 86;
  • imprisoned, 90
  • Roberts, Frederick, Lord, in Afghan war, 749, 750;
  • his victories in South Africa, 731, 732
  • Robespierre, Jacobin leader, 581;
  • fall of, 584
  • Robin of Redesdale, rebellion of, 257
  • Rochelle, La, Buckingham's expedition to, 365
  • Roches, Peter des, minister of Henry III., 137
  • Rockingham, Marquis of, prime minister, 539-541;
  • second ministry of, 542;
  • death of, 555
  • Rodney, George, Lord, wins battle of St. Lucia, 552
  • Rogers, John, martyred, 319
  • Rohilla war, the, 567-568
  • Romans, in Britain, the, 4-10
  • Root and Branch Bill, the, 375
  • Rosebery, Lord, prime minister, 722, 723
  • Roses, wars of the, 245-259;
  • their character, 247
  • Rossbach, battle of, 525
  • Rotten boroughs, 485;
  • abolished, 650
  • Roundheads, use of the term, 382
  • Rousseau, J. J., influence of, on French Revolution, 575, 576
  • Rumbold, Colonel, plans Rye House Plot, 435
  • Rump, the, remnant of Long Parliament, 401;
  • expelled by Cromwell, 410;
  • revived, 417
  • Runjit Singh, his rule in the Punjab, 737;
  • death of, 742
  • Rupert, Prince, leader of Royalist horse, 382.
  • See Edgehill, Newbury, Marston Moor, Naseby
  • Russell, Lord John, introduces Reform Bill, 648;
  • his first ministry, 668-672;
  • his second ministry, 702
  • —, Lord William, executed, 435
  • —, Edward, Admiral, wins battle of La Hogue, 454
  • Russia, first trade of England with, 341;
  • joins in the Seven Years' War, 522;
  • joins armed neutrality, 596;
  • wars of, with Bonaparte, 608, 610, 623;
  • war of, with Turkey, 645;
  • engages in Crimean war, 683;
  • threatened by Lord Palmerston, 698;
  • Lord Beaconsfield and, 711;
  • stirs up Afghans, 733
  • Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, slain at Wakefield, 251
  • Ruyter, de, Dutch admiral, 426
  • Rye House Plot, the, 435
  • Ryswick, Peace of, 455
  • Sacheverell, Henry, his Tory sermons, 474
  • Saint Albans, first battle of, 249;
  • second battle of, 252
  • Saint Lucia, battle of, 552
  • Saint Vincent, battle of Cape, 587
  • Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, 117;
  • defeated by Richard I., 118
  • Salamanca, battle of, 624
  • Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, supports Yorkists, 246;
  • wins battle of Blore Heath, 247;
  • beheaded, 251
  • —, Robert Cecil, earl of, minister of James I., 353-356
  • —, Robert Cecil, marquis of, prime minister of Queen Victoria, 716;
  • his second ministry, 718-731;
  • his third ministry, 723-733
  • —, William Longsword, Earl of, defeated at Bouvines, 128
  • —, Great Moot of, 79
  • Sancroft, William, Archbishop, persecuted by James II., 441;
  • deposed as a Nonjuror, 448
  • Saratoga, battle of, 548
  • Saxons, the, ravage Britain, 11;
  • their conquests, 12-16
  • Schism Act, the, 479
  • Schleswig-Holstein question, the, 698
  • Schomburg, Frederick, Duke of, commands army in Ireland, 451
  • Scinde, conquered by Sir Charles Napier, 741
  • Scindiah, war of, with Warren Hastings, 568;
  • defeated by Wellesley, 604
  • Scotland. See under names of kings;
  • see also Covenanters, Jacobites
  • Scots, the, invade Britain, 11, 12;
  • unite with Picts, 47
  • Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, beheaded, 217
  • —, Henry, Lord, conspires against Henry V., 223
  • Scutage imposed by Henry II., 700
  • Sebastopol, siege of, 686-690
  • Sedgemoor, battle of, 438
  • Sepoys, first raised by Dupleix, 512;
  • great mutiny of the, 745
  • Septennial Act, the, 490
  • Seringapatam, treaty of, 572;
  • storming of, 594
  • Settlement, the Act of, 459
  • Seven Bishops, trial of the, 441
  • Seven Years' War, the, 517, 521, 537
  • Severus, Emperor, in Britain, 8
  • Seymour, Thomas, Lord, executed, 310
  • Shaftesbury, Anthony, Lord, minister of Charles II., 429;
  • leader of the country party, 431;
  • his agitation against Romanism, 433, 434;
  • his fall, 435
  • —, Anthony, earl of, philanthropic reforms of, 676
  • Shah Sujah, 740, 741
  • Shakespeare, William, 343
  • Shelburne, William, Lord, ministry of, 556;
  • resigns, 557
  • Shere Ali, his war with British, 749
  • Sheridan, Richard, Whig leader, 564, 638
  • Sheriffmuir, battle of, 489
  • Ship-money imposed by Charles I., 369
  • Shrewsbury, battle of, 216
  • —, Charles Talbot, earl of, at death-bed of Queen Anne, 480
  • Sidney, Algernon, executed, 435
  • —, Sir Philip, his "Arcadia," 335;
  • slain at Zutphen, 335
  • Sikhs, rise of the, 737;
  • first war of, with the British, 742;
  • second war of, 743;
  • their services in the Mutiny, 746
  • Simnel, Lambert, imposture of, 273
  • Siward, Earl of Northumbria, 58, 59
  • Six Acts, the, 640
  • Six Articles, the, 603
  • Slave trade, the, abolished, 609
  • Slavery, abolished in English possessions, 654
  • Sluys, naval victory at, 185
  • Smith, Adam, his "Wealth of Nations," 563
  • —, Sir Sidney, saves Acre from Bonaparte, 592
  • Sobraon, battle of, 726
  • Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of, minister of Henry VI., 241, 243;
  • slain at St. Albans, 246
  • —, Henry, Duke of, Lancastrian leader, 253-255
  • —, Edmund Seymour, Protector of England, 308;
  • his Protestantism, 309;
  • war with Scotland, 309;
  • deposed, 310;
  • executed, 313
  • —, Robert Ker, Earl of, favourite of James I., 356;
  • his trial and degradation, 357
  • Sophia, Electress of Hanover, 459
  • Soult, Marshal, defeated at Corunna, 616;
  • at Oporto, 618;
  • at Albuera, 620;
  • at Pyrenees, 625;
  • at Toulouse, 626
  • South African colonies, history of the, 752-754
  • South Sea Bubble, the, 491
  • Spa Fields riot, the, 639
  • Spain, the Black Prince in, 197;
  • dealings of Henry VII. with, 280;
  • dealings of Elizabeth with, 324, 330, 333, 337;
  • subservience of James I. to, 357;
  • Cromwell's war with, 415;
  • English invasion of, 468-470;
  • Walpole's war with, 490;
  • Pitt's war with, 535;
  • assists Americans, 548;
  • allied with French Republic, 585;
  • allied with Bonaparte, 604;
  • invaded by Bonaparte, 613 (see Peninsular War);
  • civil wars in, 655
  • Spanish marriages, the, of 1846, 665
  • Spanish Succession, the, 456;
  • war of, 463
  • Spencean philanthropists, 639, 640
  • Spenser, Edmund, 343
  • Spurs, battle of the, 284
  • Stafford, William, Lord, executed, 434
  • Stamford Bridge, battle of, 63
  • Stamp Act, the, 539;
  • repealed, 541
  • Standard, battle of the, 94
  • Stanhope, James, Earl of, minister of George I., 484;
  • involved in South Sea Bubble, 491;
  • dies, 492
  • Stanley, Thomas, Lord, betrays Richard III. at Bosworth, 270, 271
  • —, Sir William, executed, 275
  • Steenkerke, battle of, 454
  • Stephen of Blois, elected King of England, 93;
  • his troubled reign, 93-97
  • Stoke, battle of, 274
  • Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, his policy of "Thorough," 368;
  • his rule in Ireland, 368;
  • impeached and executed, 373, 374
  • Strathclyde, 45, 47, 83
  • Strongbow, Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, his invasion of Ireland, 107
  • Stuart, house of. See under names of Kings
  • —, Arabella, imprisoned by James I., 354
  • Suetonius Paulinus, conquers Boadicea, 6
  • Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, head of peace-party, 239, 241;
  • impeached and murdered, 242
  • —, Charles Brandon, Duke of, marries Mary Tudor, 284
  • —, Thomas Grey, Duke of, rebels against Mary, 317;
  • executed, 318
  • Suraj-ud-Dowlah, Nawab of Oude, his wars with the British, 566
  • Sunderland, Robert Spencer, Earl of, minister of James II., 439
  • —, Charles Spencer, Earl of, minister of George I., 483;
  • involved in South Sea Bubble, 491;
  • resigns, 492
  • Supremacy, Act of, 295
  • Suraj-ud-Dowlah, takes Calcutta, 523;
  • defeated and slain, 530
  • Surrey, Henry, Earl of, executed by Henry VIII., 306
  • —, Thomas, Earl of, wins battle of Flodden, 285
  • Sussex, kingdom of South Saxons, 15
  • Swegen, King of Denmark, expels Ethelred the Redeless, 54
  • Swift, Dean, his Tory pamphlets, 474
  • Talavera, battle of, 618
  • Tallard, Marshal, captured at Blenheim, 467
  • Tantia Topee, Sepoy leader, 748
  • Tasmania, colonization of, 752
  • Tea riots at Boston, 545
  • Tenant right, conceded to Ireland, 706
  • Terror, Reign of, in Paris, 583
  • Test Act, the, 430;
  • repealed by James II., 439
  • Tewkesbury, battle of, 258
  • Thanes or gesiths, followers of Anglo-Saxon king, 42
  • Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, 28
  • Thirty Years' War, the, 358
  • Thistlewood, Arthur, conspiracy of, 640
  • Throckmorton, Francis, conspiracy of, 335
  • Thugs suppressed, 739
  • Tilsit, treaty of, 610
  • Tinchebrai, battle of, 90
  • Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, wars with, 569, 571, 572;
  • subdued by Wellesley, 594
  • Tithe Act, Irish, passed, 658
  • Tithe war, the, 656
  • Torres Vedras, lines of, 619
  • Tory party, origin of name, 434;
  • power of, under James II., 437;
  • intrigues of, under William III., 455;
  • overthrow Godolphin, 474;
  • Jacobite tendencies of, 478;
  • weakness of, under George I. and II., 485;
  • reorganized by George III., 534;
  • Pitt and the, 561;
  • reactionary policy of the, 637.
  • See Conservatives
  • Tostig, son of Godwine, 58, 59, 60;
  • slain at Stamford Bridge, 65
  • Toulon, siege of, 583
  • Toulouse, Henry II.'s war of, 99;
  • battle of, 626
  • Townshend, Ch., Lord, minister of Geo. I., 484;
  • colleague of Walpole, 493
  • Towton, battle of, 253
  • Trafalgar, battle of, 607
  • Transubstantiation, doctrine of, 297
  • Transvaal Republic, the, first annexation of, 753;
  • war with and second annexation of, 727-733
  • Trent, case of the, 696
  • "Triers," committee of, 412
  • Trinidad ceded to Britain, 597
  • Tromp, Van, Dutch Admiral, 409
  • Troyes, treaty of, 228
  • Tudor, house of. See under names of kings and queens
  • Tyler, Wat, rebellion of, 204-206
  • Tyndale, William, translates Bible, 302
  • Tyrconnel, Richard, Earl of, Jacobite leader in Ireland, 450
  • Tyrone, Hugh O'Neil, Earl of, his rebellion, 346
  • Tyrrell, Walter, slays William II., 85
  • Ulm, capitulation of, 608
  • Ulster, planted by James I., 361
  • Uniformity, Act of, 423
  • Union with Scotland, the, 472;
  • with Ireland, the, 591
  • United Irishmen, the, 598
  • United States, declare their independence, 547;
  • recognized by George III., 552;
  • war of England with, 627, 628;
  • civil war in the, 696;
  • dispute with, as to the _Alabama_, 707
  • Utrecht, peace of, 476
  • Valence, Aymer de. See Pembroke
  • Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, 373;
  • executed, 421
  • Vendôme, Marshal, defeated at Oudenarde, 470
  • Venezuela, quarrel with, 724
  • Vere, Robert de, favourite of Richard II., 207, 208
  • Verneuil, battle of, 233
  • Vernon, Admiral, takes Portobello, 499
  • Versailles, treaty of, 553
  • Victoria, Queen, accession of, 658;
  • married to Albert of Saxe-Coburg, 661;
  • her first and second Jubilees, 719, 725;
  • dies, 733
  • Vienna, congress of, 626-631
  • Vikings. See Danes
  • Villars, Marshal, defeated at Malplaquet, 471
  • Villeinage, in England, 72;
  • abuses of, 203;
  • decay of, 206
  • Villeneuve, Adm., defeated by Nelson, 607
  • Villeroi, Marshal, defeated at Ramillies, 468
  • Villiers. See Buckingham
  • Vimiero, battle of, 615
  • Vinegar Hill, battle of, 590
  • Vittoria, battle of, 625
  • Voltaire, influence of, in France, 575
  • Volunteers, the Irish, intrigues of, 551, 552;
  • the English, of 1803, 602, 603;
  • of 1860, 694
  • Vortigern calls in Saxons, 14
  • Wagram, battle of, 619
  • Wakefield, battle of, 251
  • Walcheren, expedition to, 618
  • Wales, unconquered by Saxons, 17;
  • wars of, with Northumbria, 26;
  • vassal to Edward the Elder, 44;
  • campaign of Harold in, 59;
  • Norman conquests in, 83, 92;
  • wars of Edward I. with, 153-157;
  • rebels against Edward I., 163;
  • rebels against Henry IV., 214;
  • supports Charles I., 381
  • Wallace, William, rising of, 167;
  • defeated at Falkirk, 168;
  • executed, 169
  • Waller, Sir William, Parliamentary general, 386, 391
  • Walpole, Sir Robert, minister of George I., 484;
  • prime minister, 491;
  • his character and policy, 493;
  • Excise Bill, 495;
  • fall of, 499
  • Walsingham, minister of Elizabeth, 326;
  • dies, 348
  • Walter, Hubert, archbishop and justiciar, 121;
  • dies, 125
  • Waltheof, Earl, rebellion of, 70;
  • executed, 77
  • Wandewash, battle of, 531
  • Warbeck, Perkin, imposture of, 275-277
  • Warenne, John, Earl of, opposes quo warranto, 151;
  • wins battle of Dunbar, 164;
  • regent of Scotland, 164;
  • defeated by Wallace, 167
  • Warwick, Guy, Earl of, opposes and slays Gaveston, 173, 174
  • —, Richard Neville, Earl of, "the King-maker," Yorkist partisan, 246;
  • wins battle of St. Albans, 249;
  • of Northampton, 250;
  • defeated in second battle of St. Albans, 252;
  • wins battle of Towton, 253;
  • subdues the North, 255;
  • his struggle with Edward IV., 256-258;
  • slain at Barnet, 258
  • —, John Dudley, Earl of. See Northumberland
  • Washington, George, early campaign of, 521;
  • commands American army, 546;
  • defeated at Brooklyn, 547;
  • forces Cornwallis to capitulate, 561
  • — city of, burnt by British, 627
  • Waterloo, battle of, 629, 630
  • Wellesley, Richard, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, subdues Tippoo, 594;
  • subdues Mahrattas, 604
  • Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, at Seringapatam, 594;
  • wins battle of Assaye, 604;
  • commands in Portugal, 615;
  • victorious at Talavera, 618;
  • at Lines of Torres Vedras, 619;
  • takes Ciudad Rodrigo, and Badajos, 624;
  • victorious at Salamanca, 624;
  • at Vittoria, 625;
  • invades France, 626;
  • commands in Belgium, 628;
  • wins battle of Waterloo, 629;
  • prime minister, 644;
  • grants Catholic emancipation, 646;
  • retires, 648;
  • death of, 680
  • Welsh, or Kymry, 17. See Wales
  • Wesley, John, his life and work, 516
  • Wessex, kingdom of, founded by Cerdic, 16;
  • development of, 18;
  • western conquests of, 31;
  • supreme in England, 32
  • Westminster Abbey, founded by Edward the Confessor, 61;
  • rebuilt by Henry III., 136
  • —, Statute of, 152
  • Whig party, origin of name, 434;
  • discredited by Rye House Plot, 435;
  • war-policy, 472-474;
  • ascendency of, under George I., 482;
  • policy of, 484, 485;
  • changed character of, 555;
  • advocates Parly. reform, 628.
  • See Liberals
  • Whitby, council of, 28
  • White, Sir G., defends Ladysmith, 728-31
  • Wicliffe, John, his teaching, 199
  • Wido, Count, imprisons Harold, 59
  • Wilkes, John, prosecuted by Grenville, 539;
  • member for Middlesex, 543
  • William I., extorts oath from Harold, 60;
  • claims English crown, 62;
  • victorious at Hastings, 65;
  • king of England, 68;
  • quells insurrection, 69, 70;
  • policy of, 74-79;
  • death, 79
  • William II., king of England, 81;
  • wars with Scots and Welsh, 81, 82;
  • quarrels with Anselm, 84, 85;
  • dies, 86
  • — III., marries Mary of York, 431;
  • opposes Lewis XIV., 430-442;
  • lands in England, 443;
  • proclaimed king, 445;
  • his policy, 447;
  • campaign in Ireland, 451;
  • fights in Netherlands, 454;
  • dies, 460
  • — IV., accession of, 647;
  • dealings of, with Reform Bill, 649, 650;
  • dies, 658
  • — Clito, his wars with Henry I., 90
  • — the Lion, King of Scotland, wars of, with Henry II., 110
  • — the Silent, Dutch leader, 332;
  • assassinated, 335
  • Winchelsey, Archbishop, his quarrel with Edward I., 165, 166
  • Winchester, Statute of, 152
  • Winfrith (Boniface), missionary in Germany, 29
  • Witan, national council of the English, 20
  • Wolfe, General, captures Louisbourg, 526;
  • victory and death at Quebec, 528, 529
  • Wolsey, Thomas, minister of Henry VIII., 285-288;
  • his schemes for Church Reform, 289;
  • his dealings with Henry's divorce, 291;
  • his fall and death, 292
  • Woodville, Elizabeth. See Elizabeth
  • Worcester, battle of, 405
  • Wordsworth, William, his attitude toward French revolution, 581
  • Worms, congress of, 502
  • Wren, Christopher, rebuilds St. Paul's, 427
  • Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebellion and death of, 317, 318
  • Wykeham, William of, opposes John of Gaunt, 198;
  • minister of Richard II., 202;
  • recalled to office, 209
  • York, Edmund, Duke of, regent for Richard II., 211
  • York, Richard, Duke of, campaigns of, in Normandy, 239;
  • rises against Henry VI., 243;
  • his policy, 245;
  • Protector, 248;
  • in Wars of the Roses, 249, 250;
  • slain at Wakefield, 251
  • York, Richard, Duke of, son of Edward IV., imprisoned and slain by Richard III., 266-268
  • York, Frederick, Duke of, disastrous campaigns of, in Flanders, 583, 593, 594;
  • dies, 647
  • Yorktown, capitulation of, 559
  • Young Ireland Party, the, 664;
  • rising of, 669, 670
  • Zemindars, Cornwallis's dealings with, 572
  • Zulu war, the, 753
  • Zutphen, battle of, 335