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Title: A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages; volume II
Author: Henry Charles Lea
Release date: April 16, 2012 [eBook #39458]
Most recently updated: January 25, 2021
Language: English
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES; VOLUME II ***
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Typographical errors were corrected (See note at the end of the etext). The
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A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION
Vol. II.
A HISTORY OF
THE INQUISITION
OF
THE MIDDLE AGES.
BY
HENRY CHARLES LEA,
AUTHOR OF
“AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SACERDOTAL CELIBACY,” “SUPERSTITION AND FORCE,”
“STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY.”
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE.
1901
Copyright, 1887, by Harper & Brothers.
——
All rights reserved.
CONTENTS.
BOOK II.—THE INQUISITION IN THE SEVERAL LANDS OF CHRISTENDOM.
| CHAPTER I.—Languedoc. | ||
| Page | ||
| Obstacles to Establishing the Inquisition | 1 | |
| Progress and Zeal of the Dominicans | 6 | |
| First Appointment of Inquisitors.—Tentative Proceedings | 8 | |
| Popular Resistance | 12 | |
| Position of Count Raymond | 14 | |
| Troubles at Toulouse.—Expulsion of the Inquisition | 16 | |
| Its Return and Increasing Vigor | 21 | |
| Suspended from 1238 to 1241 | 24 | |
| Condition of the Country.—Rising of Trencavel | 25 | |
| Connection between Religion and State-craft | 26 | |
| Pierre Cella’s Activity in 1241-1242 | 30 | |
| Heretic Stronghold of Montségur | 34 | |
| Massacre of Avignonet.—Its Unfortunate Influence | 35 | |
| Count Raymond’s Last Effort.—Triumph of the Inquisition | 38 | |
| Raymond Reconciled to the Church | 40 | |
| Fall of Montségur.—Heresy Defenceless | 42 | |
| Increased Activity of the Inquisition | 44 | |
| Raymond’s Persecuting Energy.—His Death | 46 | |
| Desperation of the Heretics.—Intercourse with Lombardy | 49 | |
| Supremacy of Inquisition.—It Attacks the Count of Foix | 52 | |
| Death of Alphonse and Jeanne in 1273 | 56 | |
| Rise of the Royal Power.—Appeals to the King | 57 | |
| Popular Discontent.—Troubles at Carcassonne | 58 | |
| Philippe le Bel Intervenes.—His Fluctuating Policy | 62 | |
| Renewed Troubles at Carcassonne.—Submission in 1299 | 67 | |
| Prosecutions at Albi, 1299-1300 | 71 | |
| Inquisitorial Frauds.—Case of Castel Fabri | 72 | |
| Frère Bernard Délicieux | 75 | |
| Renewed Troubles.—Philippe Sends Jean de Pequigny | 77 | |
| Philippe Tries to Reform the Inquisition | 79 | |
| Troubles at Albi.—Conflict between Church and State | 82 | |
| Philippe Visits Languedoc.—His Plan of Reform | 86 | |
| Despair at Carcassonne.—Treasonable Projects | 88 | |
| Appeal to Clement V.—Investigation | 92 | |
| Abuses Recognized.—Reforms of Council of Vienne | 94 | |
| Election of John XXII. | 98 | |
| The Inquisition Triumphs.—Fate of Bernard Délicieux | 99 | |
| Recrudescence of Heresy.—Pierre Autier | 104 | |
| Bernard Gui Extirpates Catharism | 107 | |
| Case of Limoux Noir | 108 | |
| Results of the Triumph of the Inquisition | 109 | |
| Political Effects of Confiscation | 110 | |
| CHAPTER II.—France. | ||
| Inquisition Introduced in 1233 by Frère Robert le Bugre | 113 | |
| Opposed by the Prelates.—Encouraged by St. Louis | 115 | |
| Robert’s Insane Massacres and Punishment | 116 | |
| Inquisition Organized.—Its Activity in 1248 | 117 | |
| Slender Records of its Proceedings | 120 | |
| Paris Auto de fé in 1310.—Marguerite la Porete | 123 | |
| Gradual Decadence.—Case of Hugues Aubriot | 125 | |
| The Parlement Assumes Superior Jurisdiction | 130 | |
| The University of Paris Supplants the Inquisition | 135 | |
| Moribund Activity during the Fifteenth Century | 138 | |
| Attempt to Resuscitate it in 1451 | 140 | |
| It Falls into utter Discredit | 144 | |
| The French Waldenses.—Their Number and Organization | 145 | |
| Intermittent Persecution.—Their Doctrines | 147 | |
| François Borel and Gregory XI. | 152 | |
| Renewed Persecutions in 1432 and 1441 | 157 | |
| Protected by Louis XI.—Humiliation of the Inquisition | 158 | |
| Alternations of Toleration and Persecution | 159 | |
| CHAPTER III.—The Spanish Peninsula. | ||
| Aragon.—Unimportance of Heresy there | 162 | |
| Episcopal and Lay Inquisition Tried in 1233 | 163 | |
| Papal Inquisition Introduced.—Navarre Included | 165 | |
| Delay in Organization | 167 | |
| Greater Vigor in the Fourteenth Century | 169 | |
| Dispute over the Blood of Christ | 171 | |
| Nicolas Eymerich | 174 | |
| Separation of Majorca and Valencia | 177 | |
| Decline of Inquisition | 178 | |
| Resuscitation under Ferdinand the Catholic | 179 | |
| Castile.—Inquisition not Introduced there | 180 | |
| Cathari in Leon | 181 | |
| Independent Legislation of Alonso the Wise | 183 | |
| Persecution for Heresy Unknown | 184 | |
| Case of Pedro of Osma in 1479 | 187 | |
| Portugal.—No Effective Inquisition there | 188 | |
| Chapter IV.—ITALY. | ||
| Political Conditions Favoring Heresy | 191 | |
| Prevalence of Unconcealed Catharism | 192 | |
| Development of the Waldenses | 194 | |
| Popular Indifference to the Church | 196 | |
| Gregory XI. Undertakes to Suppress Heresy | 199 | |
| Gradual Development of Inquisition | 201 | |
| Rolando da Cremona | 202 | |
| Giovanni Schio da Vicenza | 203 | |
| St. Peter Martyr | 207 | |
| He Provokes Civil War in Florence | 210 | |
| Death of Frederic II. in 1250.—Chief Obstacle Removed | 213 | |
| Assassination of St. Peter Martyr.—Use Made of it | 214 | |
| Rainerio Saccone | 218 | |
| Triumph of the Papacy.—Organization of the Inquisition | 220 | |
| Heresy Protected by Ezzelin and Uberto | 223 | |
| Ezzelin Prosecuted as a Heretic.—His Death | 224 | |
| Uberto Pallavicino | 228 | |
| The Angevine Conquest of Naples Revolutionizes Italy | 231 | |
| Triumph of Persecution | 233 | |
| Sporadic Popular Opposition | 237 | |
| Secret Strength of Heresy.—Case of Armanno Pongilupo | 239 | |
| Power of the Inquisition.—Papal Interference | 242 | |
| Naples.—Toleration Under Normans and Hohenstaufens | 244 | |
| The Inquisition Under the Angevines | 245 | |
| Sicily | 248 | |
| Venice.—Its Independence | 249 | |
| Inquisition Introduced in 1288, under State Supervision | 251 | |
| Decadence of Inquisition in Fourteenth Century | 253 | |
| Disappearance of the Cathari.—Persistence of the Waldenses | 254 | |
| Remnants of Catharism in Corsica and Piedmont | 255 | |
| Persecution of the Waldenses of Piedmont | 259 | |
| Decline of the Lombard Inquisition | 269 | |
| Venice.—Subjection of Inquisition to the State | 273 | |
| Tuscany.—Increasing Insubordination.—Case of Piero di Aquila | 275 | |
| Continued Troubles in Florence | 280 | |
| Tommasino da Foligno | 281 | |
| Decline of Inquisition in Central Italy | 282 | |
| The Two Sicilies.—Inquisition Subordinate to the State | 284 | |
| CHAPTER V.—The Slavic Cathari. | ||
| Efforts of Innocent III. and Honorius III. East of the Adriatic | 290 | |
| The Mendicant Orders Undertake the Task | 293 | |
| Bloody Crusades from Hungary | 294 | |
| Revival of Catharism | 298 | |
| Endeavors of Boniface VIII. and John XXII. | 299 | |
| Fruitlessness of the Work | 301 | |
| Reign of Stephen Tvrtko | 303 | |
| Catharism the State Religion | 305 | |
| Advance of the Turks | 306 | |
| Confusion Aggravated by Persecution | 307 | |
| The Cathari Aid the Turkish Conquest | 313 | |
| Disappearance of Catharism | 314 | |
| CHAPTER VI.—Germany. | ||
| Persecution of Strassburg Waldenses in 1212 | 316 | |
| Spread of Waldensianism in Germany | 318 | |
| Mystic Pantheism.—The Amaurians and Ortlibenses | 319 | |
| Brethren of the Free Spirit or Beghards.—Luciferans | 323 | |
| Conrad of Marburg.—His Character and Career | 325 | |
| Gregory XI. Vainly Stimulates him to Persecution | 329 | |
| Gregory Commissions the Dominicans as Inquisitors | 333 | |
| The Luciferan Heresy | 334 | |
| Conrad’s Methods and Massacres | 336 | |
| Antagonism of the Prelates | 338 | |
| Assembly of Mainz.—Conrad’s Defeat and Murder | 340 | |
| Persecution Ceases.—The German Church Antagonistic to Rome | 342 | |
| The Reaction Keeps the Inquisition out of Germany | 346 | |
| Waldenses and Inquisition in Passau | 347 | |
| Growth of Heresy.—Virtual Toleration | 348 | |
| The Beguines, Beghards, and Lollards | 350 | |
| The Brethren of the Free Spirit | 354 | |
| Tendency to Mysticism.—Master Eckart | 358 | |
| John of Rysbroek, Gerard Groot, and the Brethren of the Common Life | 360 | |
| John Tauler and the Friends of God | 362 | |
| Persecution of the Brethren of the Free Spirit | 367 | |
| Antagonism between Louis of Bavaria and the Papacy | 377 | |
| Subservience of Charles IV.—The Black Death | 378 | |
| Gregarious Enthusiasm.—The Flagellants | 380 | |
| Clement VI. Condemns Them.—They Become Heretics | 383 | |
| Attempts to Introduce the Inquisition.—Successful in 1369 | 385 | |
| Persecution of Flagellants and Beghards.—The Dancing Mania | 390 | |
| Beghards and Beguines Protected by the Prelates | 394 | |
| Speedy Decline of the Inquisition | 395 | |
| The Waldenses.—Their Extension and Persecution | 396 | |
| Renewed Persecution of the Beghards | 401 | |
| William of Hilderniss, and the Men of Intelligence | 405 | |
| The Flagellants.—The Brethren of the Cross | 406 | |
| Triumph of the Beghards at Constance | 409 | |
| Renewed Persecution | 411 | |
| Hussitism in Germany.—Coalescence with Waldenses | 414 | |
| Gregory of Heimburg | 417 | |
| Hans of Niklaushausen | 418 | |
| John von Ruchrath of Wesel | 420 | |
| Decay of the Inquisition.—John Reuchlin | 423 | |
| Its Impotence in the Case of Luther | 425 | |
| CHAPTER VII.—Bohemia. | ||
| Independence of Bohemian Church.—Waldensianism | 427 | |
| Inquisition Introduced in 1257.—Revived by John XXII. | 428 | |
| Growth of Waldensianism.—John of Pirna | 430 | |
| Conditions Favoring the Growth of Heresy.—Episcopal Inquisition | 433 | |
| The Precursors of Huss | 436 | |
| Wickliff and Wickliffitism | 438 | |
| John Huss Becomes the Leader of Reform | 444 | |
| Progress of the Revolution.—Rupture with Rome | 445 | |
| Convocation of the Council of Constance | 453 | |
| Motives Impelling Huss’s Presence | 455 | |
| His Reception and Treatment | 457 | |
| His Arrest.—Question of the Safe-conduct | 460 | |
| Communion in both Elements | 471 | |
| The Trial of Huss.—Illustration of the Inquisitorial Process | 473 | |
| Exceptional Audiences Allowed to Huss | 484 | |
| Extraordinary Efforts to Procure Recantation | 486 | |
| The Inevitable Condemnation and Burning | 490 | |
| Indignation in Bohemia | 494 | |
| Jerome of Prague.—His Trial and Execution | 495 | |
| CHAPTER VIII.—The Hussites. | ||
| Inquisitorial Methods Attempted in Bohemia | 506 | |
| Increasing Antagonism.—Fruitless Threats of Force | 508 | |
| Parties Form Themselves.—Calixtins and Taborites | 511 | |
| Sigismund Succeeds to the Throne.—Failure of Negotiations | 514 | |
| Crusade Preached in 1420.—Its Repulse | 516 | |
| Religious Extravagance.—Pikardi, Chiliasts | 517 | |
| The Four Articles of the Calixtins | 519 | |
| Creed of the Taborites | 522 | |
| Failure of Repeated Crusades.—The Hussites Retaliate | 525 | |
| Efforts to Reform the Church.—Council of Siena | 527 | |
| Council of Basle.—Negotiation with the Hussites a Necessity | 530 | |
| The Four Articles the Basis.—Accepted as the “Compactata” | 533 | |
| The Taborites Crushed at Lipan | 535 | |
| Difficulties Caused by Rokyzana’s Ambition | 536 | |
| Insincere Peace.—Sigismund’s Reactionary Reign and Death | 538 | |
| The Calixtins Secure Control under George Podiebrad | 541 | |
| Rome Disavows the Compactata.—Giacomo della Marca in Hungary | 542 | |
| The Use of the Cup the Only Distinction.—Capistrano Sent as Inquisitor | 545 | |
| His Projected Hussite Crusade Impeded by the Capture of Constantinople | 551 | |
| Efforts to Resist the Turks.—Death of Capistrano at Belgrade | 552 | |
| Steady Estrangement of Bohemia.—Negotiations and Attacks | 555 | |
| The Compactata Maintained in Spite of Rome | 559 | |
| The Bohemian Brethren Arise from the Remains of the Taborites | 561 | |
| Their Union with the Waldenses | 564 | |
| Their Growth and Constancy under Persecution | 566 | |
| APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS | 569 | |