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A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 3, Sep. 1809-Dec. 1810 cover

A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 3, Sep. 1809-Dec. 1810

Chapter 47: INDEX
By Charles Oman
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About This Book

The volume chronicles a critical sixteen-month phase of the Peninsular War, tracing the French advance into Portugal, the Anglo-Portuguese defensive measures—combining scorched-earth tactics, mass mobilization and construction of the Lines of Torres Vedras—and Masséna’s inability to breach those defenses leading to his retreat. It details the campaign actions around Bussaco and Torres Vedras, the logistical and partisan efforts that cut French communications, and concurrent French operations elsewhere in Spain including sieges and regional offensives. The narrative integrates official reports, private correspondence, and military papers to analyse strategy, troop dispositions and the conduct of commanders, supplemented by maps, appendices and newly published documentary material.

INDEX

  • Abrantes, Duke of, see Junot.
  • Abrantes, Laure, Duchess of, her letters, 447.
  • Abrantes, fortress of, 189;
    • Masséna’s designs against, 445;
    • views of Napoleon on, 457.
  • Agar, captain Pedro, made one of the Spanish Regency, 518.
  • Agueda river, Craufurd’s operations on the, 230-8.
  • Alba de Tormes, battle of, 99-100.
  • Albuquerque, Duke of, commands Army of Estremadura, 84, 97;
    • his march on Cadiz, 136-8;
    • governor of Cadiz, 149;
    • goes as ambassador to London and dies, 325.
  • Alcala la Real, combat of, 150.
  • Alcañiz, operations around, 300, 305.
  • Alcoentre, skirmish at, 413.
  • Alemquer, combat of, 413.
  • Alhandra, the position at, 425;
    • Hill at, 427.
  • Almaraz, operations around, 97.
  • Almazan, combat of, 490.
  • Almeida, frontier fortress of Portugal, 188;
    • siege of, 267, 271-5;
    • blockaded by Silveira, 447.
  • Almenara, José Hervas, Marquis of, Spanish envoy at Paris, 50-89.
  • Alorna, general, Marquis of, Portuguese adviser of Masséna, 163;
  • Alpujarras, insurrections in the, 150, 324-7.
  • Alva, river, Wellington’s position on the, 190, 346.
  • Alvarez, Mariano de Castro, governor of Gerona, 22-7, 30-5, 47-57;
    • resigns command, 59;
    • his imprisonment and death, 60-6.
  • America, revolt of the Spanish Colonies in, 513;
  • Andalusia, conquest of, by the French, 114;
    • spring and summer campaign in, 315-40;
    • Soult’s government of, 315-18.
  • Anglona, Prince of, commands Galician cavalry, 75, 78.
  • Anson, George, cavalry general, on retreat to Torres Vedras, 402-13;
    • pursues the French to Santarem, 469.
  • Araçena, combat of, 215.
  • Aragon, Suchet’s conquest of, 11-14, 282;
    • later insurrection in, 503.
  • Aranjuez, Areizaga’s operations round, 87-9.
  • Arce, Antonio, general, commands in Asturias, 217;
    • deposed, 218.
  • Areizaga, Carlos, general, commands army in La Mancha, 73, 84;
    • his advance on Aranjuez, 85-7;
    • defeated by Soult at Ocaña, 91-6;
    • defeated at Sierra Morena, 128-32;
    • superseded by Blake, 151.
  • Argüelles, Agustin, Liberal leader in the Cortes, 519.
  • Astorga, fortress, 164, 220;
  • Asturias, Bonnet in, 217-20;
    • exploits of Porlier in, 485.
  • Augereau, Pierre François Charles, Marshal, duc de Castiglione, supersedes St. Cyr, 18;
    • at siege of Gerona, 53;
    • his proclamations, 54;
    • his harsh treatment of garrison of Gerona, 60;
    • marches on Barcelona, 282, 288, 290;
    • created military governor of Catalonia, 293;
    • checked before Tarragona, 295;
    • superseded by Macdonald, 299.
  • Augereau, Jean, general, brother of above, unskilful operations of, 295, 297.
  • Avila, Ney’s high-handed doings at, 202, 505.
  • Baccelar, Manuel, general, commands northern provinces of Portugal, 176, 346, 399.
  • Badajoz, fortress, 165;
    • threatened by Mortier, 151, 213.
  • Bagur (Catalonia), captured by British landing-force, 498.
  • Ballasteros, Francisco, serves under Del Parque, 80, 98-9;
    • surprises Mortier’s cavalry, 215;
    • defeated at Zalamea and Araçena, 215;
    • later operations of, 324, 331.
  • Baraguay d’Hilliers, Achille, general, commands French forces in North Catalonia, 495, 497.
  • Barba del Puerco, skirmish of, 238.
  • Barcelona, the French in, 14, 16;
    • conspiracy in, 24;
    • Macdonald’s care concerning, 312, 493, 494, 501.
  • Barcena, colonel, surprises Leon, 271;
    • commands in the Asturias, 485.
  • Barquilla, combat of, 255.
  • Barreiros, major, Portuguese officer, betrays Almeida, 275.
  • Baxter, sergeant, his exploit, 469.
  • Baza, rout of, 337, 338.
  • Beckwith, colonel, at Barba del Puerco, 238;
    • at the Coa, 261.
  • Beresford, William Carr, marshal, organizes Portuguese army, 171-87;
    • Wellington’s confidence in him, 233.
  • Blake, Joachim, general, in Catalonia, 9;
    • his attempts to succour Gerona, 40-4, 52, 55-6;
    • his mistakes, 65;
    • supersedes Areizaga, 151;
    • resigns Catalonian command, 289;
    • commands in Cadiz, 325;
    • routed at Baza, 337-8;
    • made a Regent, 518.
  • Blayney, Lord, his disaster at Fuengirola, 335-6.
  • Bolivar, general Juliano, surrenders Gerona, 59.
  • Bonnet, general, his campaign in the Asturias, 217-20, 271;
    • later operations of, in the Asturias, 483-5.
  • Bussaco, Wellington at, 352;
  • Cabrera, isle of, sufferings of French prisoners at, 323.
  • Cadiz, held by Spaniards, 138;
    • position and defences of, 145-9;
    • attacked by Victor, 318-22;
    • assembly of the Cortes at, 512-20.
  • Caffarelli, general, commands the ‘Rearguard of the army of Spain,’ 484-7.
  • Campbell, general, governor of Gibraltar, sends troops to Fuengirola, 335.
  • Campbell, Alexander, commands 6th Division, 430, 441, 453.
  • Campoverde, Marquis of, commands a division in Catalonia, 290;
    • at the affair of La Bispal, 497-8;
    • ravages the borders of France, 499;
    • defeats Macdonald at Cardona, 500.
  • Carbon, colonel, defends Mequinenza, 309.
  • Cardona, Macdonald repulsed at, 500.
  • Caro, José, general, his manifesto against the Junta, 7;
    • governor of Valencia, opposes Suchet, 283-4;
    • flies before French advance and is deposed, 494.
  • Caro, Juan, general, captures Villafranca, 295;
    • aids in deposing his brother José, 494.
  • Castaños, Xavier, general, saves the lives of the Central Junta, 141;
    • made a member of the first Regency, 141;
    • deposed by the Cortes, 518.
  • Catalonia, campaigns in, 14-66, 207-313, 492-504.
  • Cervera, Macdonald’s cantonments at, 496-7.
  • Cisgar, Gabriel, admiral, made Regent, 518.
  • Ciudad Rodrigo, fortress, 164, 222, 239;
  • Clausel, Bertrand, general, his report on the French army at Torres Vedras, 463;
    • at Santarem, 479.
  • Coa, river, combat of the, 257-66.
  • Coimbra, evacuation of, 400-3;
  • Cole, Lowry, general, at Bussaco, 355-79;
    • at Torres Vedras, 430-53;
    • pursues French to Santarem, 471-8.
  • Concepcion, Fort, blown up by the British, 257.
  • Condé, Garcia, leads convoy into Gerona, 42-4;
    • governor of Lerida, 302-8;
    • surrenders and does homage to Joseph, 308.
  • Copons, Francisco, general, his guerrilla warfare in Western Andalusia, 326-34.
  • Cortes, proposal for summoning the, 104-5;
  • Cotton, Stapleton, general, commands British cavalry on retreat to Torres Vedras, 462-3.
  • Coupigny, Marquis, commands in Catalonia, 24-5.
  • Cox, William, general, commands at Almeida, 188, 267, 273-6.
  • Craufurd, Robert, general, commands the Light Division, 231;
    • confidence of Wellington in him, 232, 258;
    • early career of, 233-5;
    • his methods, 236-7;
    • skirmish with Ste. Croix, 251;
    • at combat of Barquilla, 255;
    • at combat of the Coa, 257-266;
    • at Bussaco, 355, 363-79;
    • retreats to Torres Vedras, 397, 402;
    • retreats on Sobral, 414, 449;
    • pursues the French, 467-9;
    • his expedition into the French lines, 471-2;
    • at Santarem, 473-8.
  • D’Alorna, see Alorna.
  • Da Costa, Bernardo, Portuguese officer, mutinies at Almeida, 275;
    • executed, 277.
  • Daroca, seized by French, 11.
  • Del Parque, the Duke, commands the ‘Army of the Left,’ 70;
    • wins battle of Tamames, 77-9;
    • occupies Salamanca, 81;
    • recovers Salamanca, 97;
    • defeated at Alba de Tormes, 100;
    • superseded by La Romana, 141.
  • D’España, Carlos, general, aids the Portuguese, 449;
    • destroys bridge of Villa Velha, 455;
    • at Abrantes, 467.
  • Doyle, Charles, colonel, British Commissioner in Catalonia, activity of, 497-499.
  • Drouet, Jean Baptiste, Comte d’Erlon, commands the 9th Corps, 447;
    • at Valladolid, 456;
    • ordered to advance to Almeida, 458.
  • Duhesme, Philippe, general, in Barcelona, 61-2;
    • deposed from governorship, 290.
  • D’Urban, Sir Benjamin, his memorandum on the Portuguese army, 173, 178 (note);
    • notes on Bussaco, 357;
    • at Torres Vedras, 446;
    • tactical observations of, 478.
  • Eblé, Jean Baptiste, general, commands artillery at Santarem, 449-50.
  • Echevarria, general, defeated by the French, 226.
  • Echeverria, guerrillero chief, shot by Mina, 488.
  • Eguia, Francisco Ramon, general, marches for La Mancha, 69;
    • deposed from command, 73.
  • Empecinado, the (Juan-Martin Diaz), seizes Guadalajara, 115;
    • harasses King Joseph, 339;
    • his incursions round Madrid, 511.
  • Eroles, Baron de, commands in Catalonia, 497, 500.
  • Estrada, Juliano, colonel, defends Hostalrich, 291, 293, 298.
  • Estrada Nova, the, 161.
  • Fane, Hon. Henry, general, commands Portuguese cavalry, 364;
    • at Lines of Torres Vedras, 431;
    • operations of, on south bank of the Tagus, 462, 467, 470-6.
  • Fane, captain, R.N., leads raid on coast of Catalonia, 497-9.
  • Ferey, general, at Barba del Puerco, 238;
    • at Bussaco, 379;
    • before the Lines of Torres Vedras, 449, 466.
  • Flandrin, major, left in charge of Coimbra, 407.
  • Fletcher, Richard, colonel, constructs Lines of Torres Vedras, 191-2, 420.
  • Forjaz, Miguel, general, Portuguese minister of war, 418.
  • Fournas, Blas, brigadier-general, his defence of Monjuich, 29, 34;
    • surrenders at Gerona, 59.
  • Foy, Maximilien, general, at Bussaco, 369, 374, 377, 385;
    • reports on the Lines of Torres Vedras, 445;
    • his mission to Paris, 455-8.
  • Freire, Manuel, general, commands cavalry at Aranjuez, 87;
    • routed by Sebastiani, 90;
    • defeated at Alcala la Real, 150;
    • commands Murcian army, 325.
  • Fririon, François, chief of the staff to Masséna, 209;
    • his advice at Bussaco, 368;
    • remarks on official accounts of Bussaco, 448.
  • Fuengirola, disaster at, 355-6.
  • Fuensanta, combat at, 503.
  • Galicia, Army of, under Del Parque, 70;
    • Mahy left in command of, 75;
    • operations on the borders of, 218, 270, 485.
  • Garay, Martin de, Secretary of State, his letters to Wellesley, 67.
  • Gardanne, Claude, general, left behind to guard Masséna’s base, 344;
    • ordered to join Masséna, 455;
    • his failure, 480.
  • Gayan, partisan chief, opposes Suchet in Aragon, 11.
  • Gazan, Honoré, general, at the Sierra Morena, 130;
    • operations of, in Andalusia, 330.
  • Gerona, third siege of, 19-60.
  • Girard, Jean Baptiste, general, at Ocaña, 93-4;
    • opposes the Serranos, 328;
    • defeats La Romana at Villa Garcia, 331.
  • Giron, Francisco, general, at Ocaña, 94-6;
    • at the Sierra Morena, 131.
  • Graham, Thomas, general, commands British troops at Cadiz, 320.
  • Granada, submits to Sebastiani, 150.
  • Granollers, combat of, 290.
  • Guerrilleros, the, 115-17, 488-92.
  • Guétry, colonel, defeated by Catalans, 290.
  • Habert, Pierre, general, operations of, in Aragon and Catalonia, 284-5, 300-1, 503.
  • Halliwell, B., captain, R.N., burns French ships at Rosas, 62.
  • Herrasti, Andrés, general, defends Ciudad Rodrigo, 222, 240-9;
    • surrenders, 253.
  • Heudelet, general, commands 2nd Corps, 97, 119, 213-14;
  • Hill, Rowland, general, detached to Portalegre, 216;
    • Wellington’s confidence in, 233;
    • crosses the Tagus, 246;
    • opposes Reynier, 269, 279, 332;
    • marches to join Wellington, 343-4;
    • at Bussaco, 355;
    • in the Lines of Torres Vedras, 397;
    • removed to south bank of Tagus, 467-8, 471, 476-8.
  • Hostalrich, combat of, 57;
    • siege of, 288;
    • surrender of, 297-8.
  • Ibarrola, general, at combat of Margalef, 304.
  • Infantado, Duke of, his plot against the Junta, 4.
  • Iranzo, Miguel, general, succeeds O’Donnell in command in Catalonia, 501.
  • Jaca, operations round, 11-12.
  • João, Prince Regent of Portugal, 193-4;
    • Wellington’s appeals to, 417-18.
  • Jones, John, major R.E., assists in construction of Lines of Torres Vedras, 420;
    • his description of them, 421, 423.
  • Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, his plan of campaign, 73-5;
    • his difficulties, 116-24, 316;
    • his campaign in Andalusia, 125;
    • seizes Seville, 135-43;
    • enters Granada, 151;
    • his quarrels with Soult, 316-17;
    • Napoleon’s disregard of, 460-1, 505;
    • his complaints, 505-7;
    • threatens to abdicate, 509.
  • Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, marshal, resigns command in Spain, 74, 81.
  • Junot, Andoche, general, Duke of Abrantes, in Leon, 221;
    • invests and takes Astorga, 223-6;
    • at Almeida, 267;
    • with Masséna in Portugal, 344-51;
    • at Bussaco, 367;
    • at sack of Coimbra, 404;
    • before Lines of Torres Vedras, 437-8, 441-50;
    • retreats, 465.
  • Junta, the Central, its dealings with Wellington, 1, 67;
    • its plan of campaign in 1809, 69-73;
    • its weakness, 103;
    • its decrees, 105;
    • flies from Seville and disperses, 137-8;
    • abdicates, 141.
  • Kellermann, François Christophe, general, in command in Leon, 75, 82;
    • occupies Salamanca, 83;
    • defeats Del Parque at Alba de Tormes, 99, 100;
    • his quarrels with King Joseph, 483, 505.
  • Lacy, Luiz, general, at Ocaña, 92-4;
    • defeat of, in Sierra Morena, 130-1;
    • his expedition to Algeciras, 328;
    • his raid on Moguer, 329-30.
  • La Carrera, Martin, general, at Tamames, 77-8;
    • near Ciudad Rodrigo, 253;
    • at combat of Alba de Tormes, 100;
    • at Torres Vedras, 432.
  • Lardizabal, Manuel, made a member of the Spanish Regency, 141;
    • his views on the Cortes, 517;
    • deposed, 518.
  • La Romana, Pedro Caro, Marquis of, his manifesto against the Junta, 6-7, 104, 106;
    • joins Seville Junta, 40;
    • commander of Army of the Left, 141;
    • opposes Mortier, 214-16;
    • aids the Regency of Cadiz, 324-5;
    • defeated at Villa Garcia, 331;
    • at Fuente Cantos, 333;
    • joins Wellington at Lines of Torres Vedras, 432.
  • Lecchi, general, in Catalonia, 18;
    • at siege of Gerona, 19, 27, 49.
  • Leite, Francisco, Portuguese general, commands at Elvas, 176, 188.
  • Leith, James, general, commands the troops at the Zezere, 247;
    • joins Wellington on the Alva, 344;
    • at Bussaco, 355, 362, 374;
    • his part in the battle, 388-9;
    • at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 430, 441, 453;
    • pursues the French, 471, 476, 478.
  • Leon, surprised by colonel Barcena, 271.
  • Lerida, siege of, 300-8.
  • Linhares, Rodrigo da Sousa, Conde de, Prime Minister of Regent of Portugal, 193, 417-18.
  • Lisbon, riots in, 416;
    • arrests at, 417.
  • Liverpool, Robert Earl of, his correspondence with Wellington, 168-9, 451-2.
  • Lobo, João, general, commands at Abrantes, 189, 455.
  • Loison, general, threatens Astorga, 221;
    • at the combat of the Coa, 258, 262;
    • at Bussaco, 379-82;
    • at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 449;
    • retreats, 464.
  • Longa, leader of guerrilleros, 491.
  • Lujan, Manuel, Liberal leader in the Cortes, 518.
  • Macdonald, Étienne, marshal, Duke of Tarentum, governor of Catalonia, 299, 311;
    • his relief of Barcelona, 312;
    • joins Suchet, 493, 495;
    • checked at Cardona, 500;
    • conducts convoys to Barcelona, 493-4, 501;
    • returns to join Suchet, 501.
  • Mahy, Nicolas, general, commands in Galicia, 75, 218;
    • fails to relieve Astorga, 226;
    • his weakness, 485.
  • Malaga, submits to Sebastiani, 150.
  • Manresa, defeat of Schwartz at, 295.
  • Marchand, general, defeated by Del Parque at Tamames, 77, 79;
    • retires from Salamanca, 97;
    • at Bussaco, 382.
  • Margalef, combat of, 304.
  • Marshall, Ralph, his disastrous attempt to relieve Gerona, 35;
  • Martin, G., admiral, destroys French convoy, 62.
  • Mascarenhas, João, Portuguese traitor, his capture and execution, 277, 448.
  • Masséna, André, marshal, Prince of Essling, commands army of Portugal, 199;
    • his plan for attacking Portugal, 163;
    • character of, 207-8;
    • at Ciudad Rodrigo, 246, 251;
    • his mendacious report of combat of the Coa, 264-6;
    • besieges and takes Almeida, 267-75;
    • advances into Portugal, 341;
    • at Bussaco, 365-85;
    • marches on Lisbon, 390-403;
    • at sack of Coimbra, 404;
    • views Lines of Torres Vedras, 442-4;
    • his difficulties, 449-54;
    • dispatches Foy to Paris, 455;
    • Napoleon’s remarks on, 456-8;
    • retreats, 463-76;
    • halts at Santarem, 477-9.
  • Matagorda, fort at Cadiz, 319-21.
  • McLeod, major, gallant conduct of, at the Coa, 262.
  • Mequinenza, siege of, 309-10.
  • Merino, Geronimo, ‘El Cura,’ leader of guerrilleros in Old Castile, 490;
    • fights the French at Almazan, 491.
  • Merle, general, his attack at Bussaco, 370, 385.
  • Milans, Francisco, leader of miqueletes, 291, 293.
  • Milhaud, general, charge of, at Ocaña, 93;
    • routs Blake’s forces at Baza, 337-8.
  • Mina, Francisco Espoz y, the elder, his struggle with Suchet in Aragon, 286;
    • his exploits in Navarre and Aragon, 488-9.
  • Mina, Xavier, the younger, ‘the Student,’ his exploits and capture, 116, 212, 283, 286.
  • Miot de Melito, André, courtier of King Joseph, 152, 506.
  • Monjuich, citadel of Gerona, assault on, 31, 33.
  • Monjuich, citadel of Barcelona, plots to capture, 24.
  • Montbrun, Louis-Pierre, general, discovers Lines of Torres Vedras, 437-9, 449-50;
    • at Santarem, 479.
  • Montmarie, general, defeats the Valencians near Morella, 493.
  • Moore, Sir John, his views on the defence of Portugal, 169.
  • Mortier, Edouard, marshal, wounded at Ocaña, 96;
    • forces passes of Despeña Perros, 130, 132;
    • marches on Badajoz, 151, 213;
    • retires to Seville, 214;
    • defeats La Romana at Fuente Cantos, 333.
  • Murcia, capture of, by Sebastiani, 327;
    • his second abortive expedition against, 334.
  • Musnier, general, his work in Aragon, 11-12;
    • defeats O’Donnell at combat of Margalef, 304.
  • Napier, Sir William, his remarks on Suchet, 308;
  • Napoleon, Emperor, supersedes St. Cyr and Reille, 17;
    • his plans for the campaign in Spain and Portugal, 197-201, 227-30;
    • his divorce and marriage, 198-9;
    • supersedes Augereau, 299;
    • his orders to Masséna, 227-9, 247;
    • receives Foy’s report from Masséna, 456, 458;
    • statement of his plans, 459;
    • his quarrels with King Joseph, 316, 505-6;
    • schemes for annexation of northern Spain, 506-10.
  • Navarro, Garcia, general, defeated at Falcet, 503-4.
  • Ney, Michel, marshal, Duke of Elchingen, character of, 209;
    • threatens Ciudad Rodrigo, 222;
    • besieges Ciudad Rodrigo, 242-54;
    • advances on Almeida, 257;
    • at combat of the Coa, 259-66;
    • invests Almeida, 267-71;
    • with Masséna in Portugal, 345-51;
    • at Bussaco, 355, 365, 368;
    • before the Lines of Torres Vedras, 437, 449-50;
    • retreats, 465.
  • Ocaña, battle of, 91-6.
  • O’Donnell, Charles, commands under La Romana, 215, 432.
  • O’Donnell, Henry, officer of the Ultonia regiment, fails to take convoy into Gerona, 52;
    • surprises Souham’s camp, 53, 56;
    • in command of the Army of Catalonia, 219;
    • surprises Guétry’s troops, 290;
    • attacks Souham, 289;
    • in Tarragona, 295;
    • routed at Margalef, 303-4;
    • reorganizes his forces, 312-13;
    • opposes Suchet at Tortosa, 493;
    • and Macdonald, 495;
    • his successful northern raid, 497-9;
    • wounded at La Bispal, 501;
    • tribute to his activity, 504.
  • Ordenança, the Portuguese, character of, 181;
    • called out, 183;
    • Masséna’s treatment of, and Wellington’s protest, 341-2;
    • blockade Almeida and Ciudad Rodrigo, 345, 397;
    • at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 341-4;
    • capture Masséna’s aides-de-camp, 448;
    • capture dispatches, 461.
  • Orense, Pedro de Quevedo, Bishop of, made a member of the Regency, 141;
    • refuses to take an oath of allegiance to the Cortes, and resigns, 518.
  • Orleans, Louis-Philippe, Duke of, his intrigues at Cadiz, 521.
  • Oviedo, captured and recaptured by Bonnet, 217-18.
  • Pack, Dennis, general, at Bussaco, 355, 362, 379, 382-3;
    • at the Lines of Torres Vedras, 441, 453;
    • pursues retreating French, 469;
    • at Santarem, 473, 475, 478.
  • Palafox, Francisco, his intrigues, 104, 141.
  • Pamplona, general, Portuguese adviser of Masséna, 163, 348.
  • Parque, Duke Del, see Del Parque.
  • Pavetti, colonel, captured by the Ordenança, 340.
  • Pelet, Jean Jacques, colonel, Masséna’s confidence in, 210.
  • Peniche, fortress of, 188.
  • Perena, colonel, his activity in Aragon, 11;
    • at Lerida, 301.
  • Picton, Thomas, general, his quarrel with Craufurd, 266;
  • Popham, Sir Home, raids coasts of Asturias and Biscay, 486.
  • Porlier, Juan Diaz, ‘the marquesito,’ his activity, 83;
    • cuts Bonnet’s communications, 217, 219;
    • his exploits in Asturias, 485-7.
  • Portugal, geography of, 153-66;
    • Wellington’s scheme for its defence, 167-96;
    • its army, 171-82;
    • Regency of, 193;
    • invasion of, by Masséna, 341-481;
    • internal troubles of, during the invasion, 416-18.
  • Regency, the Portuguese, 193-5, 415-17.
  • Regency, Spanish, the first, nominated by Central Junta, 141, 149, 514, 517;
    • deposed by the Cortes, 518;
    • the second, appointed by the Cortes, 518.
  • Reille, Honoré Charles, general, in Catalonia, superseded, 17;
    • commands in Navarre, 488, 508;
    • his contest with Mina, 489.
  • Renovales, colonel, defeated by Laval, 10-12;
    • his raids on the Asturias, 486-7.
  • Reynier, Jean Louis Ebenezer, general, takes command of the 2nd Corps, 215;
  • Rovira, Doctor F., leader of miqueletes, 16, 42, 291-3.
  • Saavedra, Francisco, made head of the Junta at Seville, 140;
    • member of the first Regency, 141;
    • deposed by the Cortes, 528.
  • Sainte-Croix, general, his operations on borders of Galicia, 223;
    • commands Masséna’s advance, 391-2, 435;
    • killed, 440.
  • St. Cyr, Laurent Gouvion, general, his campaign in Catalonia, 14-17;
    • superseded, 17;
    • at Gerona, 30;
    • his views on the siege, 48;
    • takes command, 50;
    • gives it over to Augereau, 53;
    • criticism of his conduct, 63.
  • Sanchez, Julian, guerrillero chief, 83;
    • in Ciudad Rodrigo, 241;
    • escapes, 248;
    • blockades Ciudad Rodrigo, 447;
    • renders aid to Wellington, 490.
  • Sanson, French engineer general, his plans for siege of Gerona, 27.
  • Santa-Fé, Mariano, Duke of, Spanish envoy at Paris, 509.
  • Santarem, general Eblé at, 454;
    • French retreat on, 472;
    • skirmish at, 473.
  • Santocildes, José, defends Astorga, 221, 225-6.
  • Schwartz, general, defeated at Manresa, 295;
    • surprised and captured at La Bispal, 498.
  • Sebastiani, Horace, general, at combat of Ontigola, 89;
    • defeats Areizaga, 129-32;
    • subdues Granada and Malaga, 150;
    • plunders Murcia, 327;
    • marches against Blake, 334;
    • defeats Lord Blayney, 336.
  • Serras, general, commands province of Leon, 270-1, 483;
    • his attempts to catch Porlier, 486.
  • Seville, conspiracies in, 4;
    • Central Junta at, 4, 68;
    • abandoned by Central Junta, 139;
    • revolutions in, 141;
    • surrenders to Joseph, 143.
  • Silveira, Francisco, general, commands the Tras-os-Montes, 176-7;
    • captures Puebla de Senabria, 270;
    • blockades Almeida, 447, 485, 487.
  • Sobral, operations around, 414, 439, 440, 443.
  • Souham, Joseph, general, his camp surprised by O’Donnell, 53;
    • checked by O’Donnell, 289;
    • defeats O’Donnell at Vich, 292;
    • rejoins Macdonald, 501.
  • Soult, Nicholas, marshal, Duke of Dalmatia, succeeds Jourdan as chief of the staff in Spain, 74, 81;
    • defeats Areizaga at Ocaña, 91-6;
    • his plans for conquest of Andalusia, 121-5;
    • forces the passes, 128-32;
    • his rule in Andalusia, 315-18;
    • operations of, against La Romana, 331;
    • Napoleon’s censure of, 433;
    • his selfish policy, 458-9, 506.
  • Soult, Pierre, general, at Lines of Torres Vedras, 437;
    • at Santarem, 479.
  • Sousa, José Antonio, ‘the Principal,’ member of Portuguese Regency, influence of his family, 193;
    • his quarrels with Wellington, 415-17.
  • Sousa-Holstein, Pedro, Portuguese ambassador, intrigues of, at Cadiz, 195, 520.
  • Sousa, Rodrigo, see Conde de Linhares.
  • Stewart, William, general, takes British troops to Cadiz, 148;
    • succeeded by Graham, 320.
  • Stuart, Charles, ambassador at Lisbon, member of Portuguese Regency, 194-6.
  • Suchet, Louis-Gabriel, marshal, his conquest of Aragon, 10-14, 282;
    • marches on Valencia, 283-4;
    • besieges and captures Lerida, 300-9;
    • takes Mequinenza, 309-10;
    • before Tortosa, 492;
    • puts Caro to flight, 494;
    • his inaction, 502.
  • Taboada, Francisco Gil, general, captures Puebla de Senabria, 270.
  • Tamames, battle of, won by Del Parque, 77-9.
  • Teruel, operations of Suchet around, 13, 284.
  • Torrero, Muñoz, Liberal deputy in Cortes, 518.
  • Torres Vedras, Lines of, 191-2;
    • Wellington retreats on, 393-413;
    • description of, 419-36.
  • Tortosa, Suchet before, 493;
    • O’Donnell attempts to aid, 493;
    • blockade of, 496.
  • Trant, Nicholas, colonel, attacks Masséna’s artillery train, 350, 355;
    • routed by French cavalry at Sardão, 398;
    • seizes Coimbra, 410, 411.
  • Tremendal, combat of, 11.
  • Valencia, José Caro’s domination at, 6-7;
    • Suchet’s abortive attack on, 284;
    • operations of the army of, see Caro, José.
  • Valverde, combat of, 215.
  • Vaughan, Charles, his remarks on the Cortes, 523.
  • Venegas, Francisco, general, military governor of Cadiz, 146-7;
    • viceroy of Mexico, 149.
  • Verdier, general, supersedes Reille, 18;
    • besieges Gerona, 19-48;
    • throws up his command, 49;
    • criticism of his conduct of the siege, 64.
  • Vich, battle of, 291-2.
  • Victor, Claude Perrin, marshal, Duke of Belluno, operations of, against Areizaga, 86-7;
    • commands 1st Corps in conquest of Andalusia, 125-33;
    • receives surrender of Seville, 143;
    • marches on Cadiz, 145;
    • besieges it, 318-22.
  • Vigodet, Gaspar, general, defeated in the Sierra Morena, 132.
  • Villacampa, general, operations of, in Aragon, 11, 13, 282, 283, 286, 310, 339;
    • harasses Suchet, 503;
    • defeated at Alventosa and Fuensanta, 503.
  • Villafranca, French driven out of, 295.
  • Villagarcia, combat of, 331.
  • Villatte, colonel, expedition of, 296.
  • Villa Velha, bridge of, its importance, 158, 189;
    • destroyed by Carlos d’España, 455.
  • Vizeu, Masséna at, 351-3.
  • Wallace, colonel Alex., his charge at Bussaco, 372-3.
  • Wellesley, Hon. Henry, minister at Cadiz, 522.
  • Wellesley, Richard, Marquis, his negotiations with the Central Junta, 3, 67;
    • becomes Foreign Secretary, 168.
  • Wellington, Arthur, Viscount, his dealings with the Central Junta, 1, 68, 72;
    • retreats into Portugal, 107-11;
    • his plan of defence of Portugal, 167;
    • concentrates his forces near the frontier, 243;
    • refuses to move forward to Ciudad Rodrigo, 245;
    • criticism of Craufurd, 266;
    • watches Almeida, 274-9;
    • prepares to meet Masséna, 345;
    • at Bussaco, 352-61;
    • wins battle of Bussaco, 362-89;
    • retreats on Torres Vedras, 393-413;
    • quarrels with Principal Sousa, 415-17;
    • disposes troops at Torres Vedras, 439;
    • Napoleon’s remarks on, 457;
    • pursues retreating French, 468-76;
    • stops at Santarem, 476;
    • his views on the Cortes, 522.
  • White, Blanco, Liberal journalist, his views, 515 (note), 516.
  • Wilson, John, general, operations of, on the French rear, 479.
  • Xerta, Suchet’s flotillas captured by insurgents at, 503;
    • siege material for Tortosa at, 504.
  • Zalamea, combat of, 215.
  • Zayas, J., general, in the Ocaña campaign, 87, 92, 95.
  • Zerain, T., general, routed by Victor, 133;
    • retires to Seville, 137.
  • Zezere, river, line of, fortified by Wellington, 190;
    • Masséna’s operations on the, 455.
  • Zizandre, river, fortification along, in the Lines of Torres Vedras, 423.