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A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 4, Dec. 1810-Dec. 1811 cover

A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 4, Dec. 1810-Dec. 1811

Chapter 58: INDEX
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About This Book

The volume chronicles the military campaigns of 1811 across the Iberian Peninsula, centering on the stalemate between Wellington and French commanders Masséna, Soult, and Marmont. It traces Masséna's retreat from Portugal, key battles and sieges such as Fuentes de Oñoro, Albuera, Almeida, Badajoz and Ciudad Rodrigo, and surveys Eastern operations under Suchet and Catalan actions. The narrative combines operational analysis, topographical study of battlefields, and extensive use of contemporary diaries, correspondence, and intercepted dispatches to assess shifting strategic initiative and the decline of French offensive capability in the west.

INDEX

  • Abadia, Francisco Xavier, general, supersedes Santocildes, 469;
    • retires before Dorsenne’s advance, 470, 473.
  • Abbé, general, at siege of Tortosa, 230, 235, 246;
    • at siege of Tarragona, 511;
    • at storm of Montserrat, 533.
  • Abrantes, Duke of, see Junot.
  • Alacha, Major-General Lilli, Conde de, governor of Tortosa, 232;
    • capitulates, 237;
    • tried and condemned by Junta, 240.
  • Albuera, Wellington’s choice of the position, 280;
  • Albuquerque, disgraceful surrender of, 256.
  • Alcantara, orders of Napoleon concerning its bridge, 544.
  • Alcina, Commissary, his plot to seize Monjuich, 244;
  • Alcobaça, monastery of, wrecked by French, 135.
  • Aldea da Ponte, combat of, 578-9.
  • Alfayates, Wellington’s chosen position at, 298, 409, 557, 579.
  • Almada, Lines of, constructed by Wellington, 73.
  • Almaraz, bridge of, fortified by Marmont, 543.
  • Almeida, Drouet at, 18;
    • endangered by Masséna’s retreat, 181;
    • blockaded by Wellington, 201;
    • defence of, by Brennier, 288-9;
    • Masséna fails to relieve, 342;
    • blown up and evacuated by Brennier, 351-6;
    • destroyed a second time by Pack, 437;
    • repaired and re-garrisoned, 550, 584.
  • Almenara, José Hervas, Marquis of, King Joseph’s envoy to Paris, 215.
  • Almeria, evacuated by the French, 477;
    • Blake lands at, 478;
    • reoccupied by Soult, 482.
  • Alten, Major-General V., defends Albuera village, 378, 389.
  • Alva, river, Wellington forces the line of the, 163-5.
  • Andalusia, Soult’s position in, 26-31;
    • troubles in, during his absence, 57-8;
    • Graham’s and La Peña’s campaign in, 90-125;
    • Soult returns to, 129;
    • invaded by Blake, 475;
    • Soult drives the Murcians from, 480-4;
    • insurrections in, during the autumn, 593-4.
  • Anglona, Prince of, in Tarifa expedition, 99, 102.
  • Anson, George, major-general, 8;
  • Aragon, operations in, by Suchet’s lieutenants, 246, 486, 507, 535.
  • Aremberg, Prosper, Prince of, operations of in Andalusia, 277-8;
    • taken prisoner at Arroyo dos Molinos, 605.
  • Arroyo dos Molinos, Hill surprises Girard at, 603-5.
  • Artillery, table of the British in the Peninsula in 1811, see pages 650-1.
  • Astorga, destroyed and evacuated by the French, 466;
    • reoccupied, 471.
  • Asturias, operations in, 210-11;
    • evacuated by Bonnet (June), 465-6;
    • reoccupied by Bonnet (November), 585-6.
  • Baccelar, Manuel, general, commander of Portuguese forces in the north, 19, 20, 211.
  • Badajoz, besieged by Soult, 38-58;
    • surrenders, 61;
    • Wellington’s remarks on, 249;
    • first siege of, by Beresford, 274-9, 287;
    • second British siege of, 404-31;
    • relief of, by Marmont, 446;
    • regarrisoned by Drouet, 457.
  • Balaguer, San Felipe de, seized by the French, 242;
    • Campoverde fails to recover it, 245.
  • Ballasteros, Francisco, 24;
    • encounters Mortier, 33;
    • driven by Gazan into Portugal, 33, 34, 93;
    • defeats Remond on the Rio Tinto, 58, 128;
    • and at La Palma, 129;
    • pursued by Maransin, 277-8;
    • informs Beresford of Soult’s move on Badajoz, 369;
    • at Albuera, 377-94;
    • with Blake, 475;
    • retires before Conroux, 476;
    • his successes against Godinot, 483;
    • sustains the revolt in Southern Andalusia, 593-4.
  • Baraguay d’Hilliers, Achille, commands French force in Northern Catalonia, 484, 493-5, 538.
  • Barba del Puerco, Brennier’s skirmish at, 353-4.
  • Barcelona, conspiracy in, 244-5.
  • Barnard, Andrew, colonel, at Barrosa, 111.
  • Barrosa, Victor defeated at, by Graham, 106-25.
  • Batalha, monastery, wrecked by French, 135.
  • Baza, operations of Soult against the Murcian army near, 480-1.
  • Beckwith, Colonel S., his exploits at Sabugal, 191.
  • Beguines, general, joins Tarifa expedition, 95, 98 note, 101, 107, 110, 117, 124, 127.
  • Belpuig, captured by the Catalans, 541.
  • Belveder, Conde de, forced out of the pass of Manzanal by Dorsenne, 470.
  • Benalcazar, threatened by Colborne, 284;
    • captured by Morillo, 597.
  • Beresford, William Carr, marshal, takes command of detached forces beyond the Tagus, 5;
    • sent to the relief of Badajoz, 60, 89;
    • in pursuit of Masséna, 86;
    • leads expedition into Estremadura, 160, 248;
    • marches on Campo Mayor, 252;
    • at combat of Campo Mayor, 263, 264;
    • unfortunate delay in crossing Guadiana, 265-70;
    • invests Badajoz, 279;
    • raises siege, 287;
    • prepares for Soult’s advance, 369;
    • wins battle of Albuera, 372-94;
    • gives up command of Estremaduran army, 415.
  • Bessières, Jean Baptiste, Duke of Istria, marshal, appointed head of the ‘Army of the North’, 208;
    • in Old Castile, 209;
    • his reports to Napoleon, 209;
    • quarrels with Masséna, 303;
    • joins Masséna at Ciudad Rodrigo, 304;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 329-48;
    • tries to keep Marmont from joining Soult, 434;
    • takes over the charge of frontier of Leon, 434, 461-4, 466, 467;
    • recalled by Napoleon, 468.
  • Bevan, colonel, misfortunes of at Almeida, 353, 356.
  • Blake, Joachim, general, joins Ballasteros in Estremadura, 279;
    • with Beresford before Albuera, 371;
    • at battle of Albuera, 372-98;
    • Wellington’s strictures on, 399;
    • in pursuit of Soult, 411;
    • moves to threaten Seville, 444, 475;
    • retires before Conroux, 476;
    • joins Army of Murcia, 478, 482.
  • Blakeney, Robert, his account of Barrosa, 110, 113, 114, 116;
    • at Arroyo dos Molinos, 604.
  • Blakeney, J., colonel of 7th Fusiliers, describes Albuera, 391, 392.
  • Blunt, general, commands at Peniche, 7, 22.
  • Bonnet, general, in Asturias, 211, 462;
    • ordered to fall back to Leon, 465;
    • opposed by Santocildes, 468;
    • in Leon, 469, 473;
    • reconquers the Asturias, 585-6.
  • Bornos, combat of, 594.
  • Brennier, Antoine François, general, governor of Almeida, 288;
    • evacuates Almeida, 351-4;
    • promoted by Napoleon, 357;
    • receives command of a division, 361.
  • Bron, general, defeated at Usagre, 413-14;
    • captured at Arroyo dos Molinos, 603.
  • Browne, John Frederick, colonel, his exploits at Barrosa, 109-10, 112.
  • Bushe, colonel, commands Portuguese at Barrosa, 111-17;
    • mortally wounded, 118.
  • Cabrera, general, in Galicia, 213, 466.
  • Cadiz, operations round, 93-125.
  • Caffarelli, Louis Marie, general, commands division in Army of the North, 225, 474.
  • Cagigal, Major-General José, his disgraceful surrender of Albuquerque, 256.
  • Cameron, colonel of 79th, killed at Fuentes de Oñoro, 335.
  • Campbell, general, commanding at Gibraltar, sends troops to Graham, 94, 95.
  • Campbell, Alex., general, takes command of Portuguese blockading Almeida, 351;
    • allows Brennier to escape, 353-6.
  • Campo Mayor, siege of, 254, 255;
  • Campoverde, Marquis of, captain-general of Catalan army, 240, 243;
    • fails to surprise Monjuich, 245;
    • his unfortunate operations round Figueras, 494-495;
    • returns to Tarragona, 501;
    • leaves it, 505;
    • his feeble attempts to relieve it, 507-11;
    • resigns his command, 529.
  • Carpio, combat of, 563.
  • Casal Novo, combat of, 151.
  • Casas Viejas, skirmish of, 101.
  • Cassagne, general, holds Medina Sidonia, 101, 105;
  • Castañon, general, in Galicia, 466-7;
    • forced out of pass of Fuencebadon, 470.
  • Castaños, Xavier, general, succeeds La Romana as captain-general, 46, 212;
    • promises to aid Beresford, 272, 281;
    • retires before Soult’s advance, 369;
    • co-operates at Albuera, 371;
    • operations of, in Estremadura, 597.
  • Castillejos, combat of, 34.
  • Catalonia, campaigns in, 227-46, 484-541.
  • Caya, Wellington’s position on the, June-July 1811, 443-50.
  • Celorico, operations around, during Masséna’s retreat, 167, 173.
  • Cervera, captured by Lacy, 541.
  • Ciudad Rodrigo, blockaded by Wellington, 547-8;
    • relieved by Marmont and Dorsenne, 560;
    • again blockaded, 583;
    • its governor captured by Julian Sanchez, 587.
  • Claparéde, general, commands division under Drouet, 17;
    • routs Silveira, 21;
      • at Fuentes, 333.
  • Clausel, Bertrand, general, commanding a division of the 8th Corps, 8, 13;
    • commanding a division under Marmont, 361.
  • Cochrane, Colonel Basil, his rash charge at the bridge of Barba del Puerco, 354-6.
  • Codrington, British commodore, co-operates in defence of Tarragona, 501, 515, 519-20;
    • ships off a Valencian division, 529-30.
  • Cogorderos, combat of, 467.
  • Coimbra, Masséna fails to seize, 140, 149.
  • Colborne, John, colonel, operations of, in Estremadura, 284;
    • at Albuera, 376;
    • heavy losses of his brigade, 384.
  • Cole, Lowry, general, sent to join Army of Estremadura, 161, 172;
    • with Beresford in Estremadura, 257, 269, 273;
    • at battle of Albuera, 372;
    • leads charge of Fusilier Brigade, 380-1;
    • his share in the victory, 401-3.
  • Condeixa, Wellington and Masséna’s operations round, 144-5.
  • Conroux, Nicolas, general, with Drouet’s 9th Corps, 17;
    • at Fuentes, 333;
    • pursues Blake, 476.
  • Contreras, Juan Senen, general, governor of Tarragona, 506-7;
    • his efforts to defend the place, 509-10;
    • his quarrel with Campoverde, 518;
    • wounded and taken prisoner, 524;
    • escapes from France, 527.
  • Cooke, general, takes over command of the troops at Cadiz from Graham, 130.
  • Copons, Francisco, general, at Cadiz, 93, 94.
  • Coupigny, Marquis, supersedes La Peña, 130.
  • Courten, general, tries to surprise Monjuich, 245;
    • defends Tarragona, 496;
    • taken prisoner, 524.
  • Craufurd, Robert, general, on leave in England, 135;
    • his return to the Peninsula, 289;
    • commands the Light Division at Fuentes, 320, 324, 337;
    • his operations round Ciudad Rodrigo, 572-3.
  • Cristobal, San, Fort at Badajoz, 38;
    • Beresford vainly attacks, 285-6;
    • disastrous attempts to storm, 421-7.
  • Cruz Murgeon, general, mistakes of, at Barrosa, 107-9, 117.
  • Daricau, general, governor of Seville, 57;
    • joins Remond against Ballasteros, 128, 129;
    • dangers of, in Seville, 368;
    • threatened by Blake, 475.
  • Dickson, Major Alexander, commands Portuguese artillery at siege of Olivenza, 272;
    • collects siege-train for Badajoz, 273-6;
    • at siege of Badajoz, 284-7;
    • at second siege, 419, 422;
    • conducts Wellington’s siege-train to Villa da Ponte, 549-50;
    • and to Almeida, 584.
  • ‘Die-hards’, the, 57th regiment, at Albuera, 386.
  • Dilkes, general, at Barrosa, 111.
  • Dombrouski, general, escapes from Arroyo dos Molinos, 602, 604;
    • at Merida, 606.
  • Dorsenne, General Count, commanding at Burgos, 467, 468;
    • succeeds Bessières, 468;
    • invades Galicia, 469-71;
    • helps Marmont to relieve Ciudad Rodrigo, 558-60;
    • at Fuente Guinaldo, 575;
    • operations of, in the late autumn, 585-6.
  • Doyle, General Charles, British Commissioner in Catalonia, 519.
  • Drouet, Jean Baptiste, Comte d’Erlon, leads 9th Corps to join Army of Portugal, 17-20;
    • meets Masséna, 21;
    • at Leiria, 22, 63;
    • detached by Masséna and sent to Spanish frontier, 139, 178;
    • reports on state of Almeida, 181, 202, 301;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 316-48;
    • goes to Andalusia, 407;
    • joins Soult, 441;
    • left with 5th Corps under Marmont, 455-6;
    • faces Hill in the late autumn, 595-7;
    • operations of, in December, 606.
  • Drummond, colonel, operations of his brigade at Sabugal, 194.
  • Dumoustier, general, commands division in Army of the North, 463, 467, 469.
  • Duncan, major, commands artillery at Barrosa, 112-17, 119.
  • D’Urban, Sir Benjamin, his notes on the Portuguese commissariat, 70;
    • on Wellington’s plan for attacking Masséna, 83 note;
    • appreciation of Talaya, 256;
    • on crossing the Guadiana, 269;
    • at Albuera, 372;
    • remarks on second siege of Badajoz, 418;
    • on Soult’s inaction, 454;
    • and see passim.
  • Eblé, Jean Baptiste, general, builds bridge equipage at Punhete, 15.
  • El Bodon, combat of, 565-9.
  • El Medico (Dr. Juan Palarea), guerrillero chief, 213.
  • Empecinado, the, guerrillero chief, 213, 246.
  • Eroles, Baron, commands a division in Catalonia, 493-4, 511, 520, 540;
    • defeated at Montserrat, 532.
  • Erskine, Sir William, general, commands Light Division in Craufurd’s absence, 135;
    • at Pombal, 139;
    • at combat of Casal Novo, 151, 152;
    • at Foz do Arouce, 156-8;
    • his mistakes at Sabugal, 191-6, 200;
    • fails to intercept convoys for Rodrigo, 289, 298, 299;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 311;
    • fails to intercept French leaving Almeida, 352-6;
    • transferred to a cavalry division, 458.
  • España, Carlos de, general, serves near Abrantes, 16, 17;
    • moves to Estremadura, 43;
    • at Badajoz, 48, 49;
    • escapes after battle of Gebora, 54;
    • at battle of Albuera, 372;
    • his raids in Leon, 553, 584.
  • Estremadura, Soult’s expedition into, 23-61;
    • Beresford’s campaign in, 246-87;
    • Soult’s second invasion of, 363-95;
    • Wellington’s first campaign in, 404-58;
    • Hill’s operations in, 595-606.
  • Eugenio, general (Orsatelli), defeated and slain at Pla, 243.
  • Fane, captain R.N., his disastrous raid on Palamos, 241.
  • Fenwick, major, mortally wounded at Obidos, 7.
  • Ferey, general, his useless expedition beyond the Zezere, 15;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 313-48;
    • commands one of Marmont’s divisions, 361.
  • Figueras, surprised by Rovira and the miqueletes, 491-2;
    • fighting round, 494-5;
    • gallant defence of, by Martinez, 535-7;
    • its surrender, 538.
  • Fletcher, Richard, colonel, commanding engineer at the siege of Badajoz, 282, 284, 287;
  • Fonte Cuberta, Masséna’s adventure at, 147.
  • Foy, Maximilien, general, sent by Masséna to Napoleon, 10, 28, 206;
    • his return with dispatches to Masséna, 75;
    • again sent to Paris, 177;
    • his report to the Emperor, 295;
    • carries letter of recall to Masséna, 357;
    • his estimate of Marmont, 359-60;
    • receives command of a division, 361;
    • his diversion during the El Bodon campaign, 581.
  • Foz do Arouce, combat of, 155-8.
  • Freire, Manuel, general, commands Army of Murcia, advances against French, 477;
    • joined by Blake, 478;
    • retreats before Soult’s advance, 481.
  • Fririon, François, chief of the staff to Masséna, his evidence cited, 10, 17, 71, 147, 148, 167, 172, 176, 197, 343-8.
  • Fueute Guinaldo, Wellington’s position at, its dangers, 572-5.
  • Fuentes de Oñoro, position of, 307-10;
  • Galicia, state of, in the spring of 1811, 212;
  • Gasca, colonel, his circuitous retreat to Valencia, 531.
  • Gazan, Honoré, general, his pursuit of Ballasteros, 33, 34, 93;
    • at Badajoz, 41;
    • returns to Andalusia with Soult, 129;
    • at Albuera, 380.
  • Gebora, battle of the, 51-5.
  • George III, political results of the insanity of, 65.
  • George, Prince Regent, continues Perceval ministry, 66.
  • Gibraltar, threatened by the French, 594.
  • Gijon, occupied by the French, 210, 586.
  • Girard, Jean Baptiste, general, operations of, 35-9, 48-50;
    • at Albuera, 379-402;
    • surprised by Hill at Arroyo dos Molinos, 601-5.
  • Godinot, general, his operations at Albuera, 378, 389;
    • sent against Blake, 454, 478;
    • defeats J. O’Donnell at Zujar, 480;
    • chases Ballasteros, 593;
    • his failure, commits suicide, 594.
  • Golegão, Masséna’s conference at, 77-80.
  • Gor, the Murcian army at, 479;
    • driven from the position, 480.
  • Gough, Hugh, major, leads Irish Fusiliers at Barrosa, 120.
  • Graham, Thomas, general, at Cadiz, 93;
    • his plan for an attack on Victor, 94, 95;
    • his career and character, 96, 97;
    • at Barrosa, 107-27;
    • his controversy with La Peña, 129-30;
    • transferred to Army of Portugal, 130;
    • commands Wellington’s left wing, 552-63, 572, 579;
    • criticism of, on the September campaign, 581-2.
  • Granada, insurrections in the kingdom of, 478, 483-4.
  • Grant, colonel, operations of his irregular force, 75.
  • Grattan, William, of the 88th, describes devastation of Portugal by French, 135-6;
    • Masséna’s retreat, 171;
    • Fuentes de Oñoro, 333.
  • Guadiana, the, Beresford’s difficult passage of, 207-10.
  • Guarda, Masséna retreats on, 179;
  • Guerrilleros, importance of the operations of, 206-7, 210, 213, 463-4, 472, 483.
  • Guingret, captain, his authority quoted, 12.
  • Habert, general, commands a division under Suchet, 241, 487, 490, 500;
    • leads the stormers at Tarragona, 522.
  • Hamilton, general, commands a Portuguese division, 4, 5;
    • at Albuera, 370.
  • Hardinge, Colonel Henry, urges Cole to charge at Albuera, 390, 391.
  • Harispe, general, commands a division under Suchet, 487, 497, 500, 516.
  • Herck, Manuel, governor of Olivenza, his disgraceful surrender, 36, 37.
  • Heudelet, general, at Santarem, 82-3;
    • at Sabugal, 195.
  • Hill, Lieut.-Col. J., captured at Fuentes de Oñoro, 328.
  • Hill, Rowland, general, commands 2nd Division, 4, 5;
    • invalided by fever, 6;
    • returns and takes command of two divisions, 416, 457-9;
    • his autumn operations in Estremadura, 595-7;
    • routs Girard at Arroyo dos Molinos, 605.
  • Hoghton, general, his charge at Albuera and death, 385-7;
    • heavy losses of his brigade, 387, 388.
  • Houston, general, at Fuentes de Oñoro, 317-20;
    • at Badajoz, 424.
  • Imaz, General José, succeeds Menacho as governor of Badajoz, 56;
    • surrenders, 58-61;
    • Wellington’s remarks on, 249, 250.
  • Iremonger, colonel, his blunders at Almeida, 352.
  • Istria, Duke of, see Bessières.
  • Jaca, Suchet opens route to France by, 488.
  • Jerumenha, bridges constructed at, 267, 283.
  • Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, quarrels with Bessières, 210;
    • his Army of the Centre, 213;
    • Napoleon’s intention to deprive him of Catalonia and give him Portugal, 215;
    • proposes to abdicate, 217;
    • travels to Paris, 218;
    • his complaints against Bessières, 468.
  • Jourdan, Jean Baptiste, marshal, returns to Madrid, 219.
  • Junot, Andoche, general, Duke of Abrantes, his position north of Santarem, 9, 13;
    • at skirmish of Rio Mayor, 75;
    • at council of Golegão, 78;
    • movements of, during Masséna’s retreat, 131, 132, 164, 179, 180;
    • at Belmonte, 186;
    • reaches Sabugal, 187, 202;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 311-48;
    • returns to France, 360.
  • Lacy, General Luis, takes command of the Catalan army, 531;
    • his difficulties, 539;
    • makes head against Macdonald, 541.
  • La Carrera, Martin, general, at Badajoz, 54.
  • La Cuadra, general, chased by Soult, 477, 479, 481.
  • Lahoussaye, general, operations of, 214.
  • La Peña, Manuel, general, commands Tarifa expedition, 95, 99;
    • his failure to help Graham at Barrosa, 124;
    • retires on Cadiz, 127;
    • his controversy with Graham, 129;
    • deprived of his command, 130.
  • La Romana, José Caro, Marquis of, serves under Wellington in Portugal, 24, 32;
    • death of, 44;
    • his character and career, 45-6.
  • Lardizabal, Manuel, general, in Tarifa expedition, 99, 101;
    • at Barrosa, 107;
    • with Blake joins Ballasteros, 278, 279;
    • at Albuera, 377;
    • joins Army of Murcia, 478.
  • Las Vertientes, combat of, 481.
  • Latour-Maubourg, Marie Charles, in Estremadura, 32;
    • at siege of Badajoz, 46-7, 49, 51;
    • summons and takes Albuquerque, 256;
    • at combat of Campo Mayor, 258-64;
    • succeeds Mortier in command, 268;
    • retires from Estremadura, 276, 277, 284;
    • joins Soult in marching to relieve Badajoz, 286, 363, 369;
    • at Albuera, 403;
    • at combat of Usagre, 412-15;
    • at combat near Elvas, 447;
    • routs the Murcian army, 481.
  • Leal, J. C., Portuguese artilleryman, his good service at Coimbra, 149.
  • Leiria, Drouet at, 22, 64;
    • burnt by the French, 135.
  • Leite, general, governor of Elvas, 273, 456.
  • Leon, operations of Bessières and Dorsenne in, 466-71.
  • Leval, Jean François, general, at Cadiz, 105, 106;
    • at Barrosa, 108-25;
    • takes command of the 4th Corps, 477;
    • retires before Freire’s advance, 478, 479.
  • Lilli, major-general, Conde de Alacha, governor of Tortosa, see Alacha.
  • Liverpool, Robert Jenkinson, Earl of, his correspondence with Wellington, 65-9.
  • Loison, Louis Henri, general, commands division at Santarem, 8, 14, 146;
    • supersedes Ney in command, 177;
    • retreats from Guarda, 185;
    • at combat of Sabugal, 190-6, 202, 349;
    • returns to France, 360.
  • Long, R. B., general, at combat of Campo Mayor, 259-62;
    • retires before Soult’s advance on Badajoz, 369;
    • retreats too hastily, 372;
    • blamed by Wellington for cavalry disaster near Elvas, 447, 448, 450;
    • takes command of 2nd Cavalry Division, 458.
  • Longa, guerrillero chief, 207, 210, 211, 463, 468, 469, 474.
  • Losada, general, commanding Army of Asturias, 463, 586.
  • Lumley, Hon. W., general, commands cavalry at Albuera, 372, 403;
    • at combat of Usagre, 412-15;
    • goes home on sick leave, 458.
  • Lusitanian Legion, at Albuera, 390-1.
  • Macdonald, Étienne, marshal, Duke of Tarentum, on the lower Ebro, 229, 241;
    • his march on Lerida, 242;
    • checked at Pla, 243;
    • his march from Lerida to Barcelona, 485-6;
    • blockades Figueras, 496;
    • his long siege of that place, 535-9;
    • returns to France, 541.
  • Madden, brigadier-general, leads Portuguese cavalry to relief of Badajoz, 43-6;
    • his disaster at the Gebora, 53.
  • Mahy, Nicolas, captain-general of Galician army, recalled, 212.
  • Manresa, taken and burnt by Macdonald, 486.
  • Maransin, Jean Pierre, general, pursues Ballasteros, 277, 278.
  • Marbot, Marcellin, colonel, his authority quoted or doubted, 12, 147, 153, 157, 304, 348.
  • Marchand, Jean Gabriel, commands rearguard in Masséna’s retreat, 162;
    • escorts convoy to Rodrigo, 298, 299;
    • with Masséna’s advance on Fuentes, 305;
    • at Fuentes, 314.
  • Marcognet, general, his skirmish with Wilson at Espinhal, 7;
    • encounters Drouet’s advanced guard, 17.
  • Marmont, Auguste Frédéric, marshal, Duke of Ragusa, replaces Masséna as commander of Army of Portugal, 295, 357;
    • his career and character, 358-60;
    • reorganizes the Army of Portugal, 360-2, 404, 432;
    • marches south, 433;
    • meets Soult, 445;
    • relieves Badajoz, 446;
    • returns to the valley of the Tagus, 457;
    • his quarrels with King Joseph, 544-5;
    • marches to relieve Ciudad
  • Rodrigo, 559;
    • his campaign against Wellington, Sept. 1811, 561-80;
    • hesitates to attack Fuente Guinaldo, 575;
    • retires to cantonments, 585;
    • his correspondence with Napoleon, 587-9.
  • Masséna, André, marshal, Prince of Essling, his position about Santarem, 1-57;
    • receives orders from Napoleon by General Foy, 75, 76;
    • holds a conference at Golegão, 77-80;
    • retreats from Santarem, 82, 131-97;
    • surprised at Fonte Cuberta, 147;
    • quarrels with Ney, 148;
    • retreats towards Plasencia, 162;
    • his difficulties, 173-5;
    • supersedes Ney, 176-8;
    • abandons his plan of going to Plasencia, 181;
    • crosses the Coa, 187;
    • retreats on Ciudad Rodrigo, 197;
    • causes of his failure, 203-5;
    • recalled by Napoleon, 295;
    • reorganizes his army, 301;
    • quarrels with Bessières, 303;
    • defeated at Fuentes de Oñoro, 310-48;
    • withdraws garrison from Almeida, 349-54;
    • receives his recall, 357.
  • Masterson, sergeant, captures an eagle at Barrosa, 121.
  • Mathieu, Maurice, governor of Barcelona, defeats attempt of Campoverde to surprise Monjuich, 245.
  • Medina Sidonia, combats at, 98, 127.
  • Menacho, Rafael, general, governor of Badajoz, 40;
    • his gallant defence, 55;
    • his death, 56.
  • Mendizabal, general, retreats on Badajoz, 32;
    • garrisons Olivenza, 35;
    • and Badajoz, 40;
    • leads a force to relieve Badajoz, 43-4;
    • his failure, 47-9;
    • routed at the Gebora, 53.
  • Merle, Pierre Hugues, general, at combat of Sabugal, 192.
  • Mermet, Julien, his engagements during Masséna’s retreat from Portugal, 138-9, 142, 157;
  • Mina, Francisco, guerrillero chief in Navarre, 207;
    • joins Longa and Porlier, 468.
  • Miot de Melito, André, courtier of King Joseph, 217-18.
  • Miranda, José, general, lands in Catalonia to support Campoverde, 507;
    • his feeble actions, 517;
    • insists on returning to Valencia, 528;
    • embarks, 530.
  • Monjuich, fortress of, failure of Campoverde to surprise, 245.
  • Montbrun, Louis Pierre, general, 55;
    • at Pombal, 137;
    • fails to seize Coimbra, 140, 149;
    • on the Alva, 163;
    • at El Bodon, 198;
    • with Masséna, 302;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 315-48;
    • with Marmont’s advance on Badajoz, 437, 446;
    • operations of, in front of Elvas, 446;
    • commands at the combat of El Bodon, 566-70.
  • Montijo, Conde de, his irregular warfare in Granada, 478-82.
  • Montserrat, stormed by Suchet, 533-4;
    • recovered by the Spaniards, 541.
  • Morillo, Pablo, general, exploits of, 597.
  • Mortier, Edouard, marshal, in the expedition to Estremadura, 30;
    • skirmishes with Ballasteros, 33;
    • at Badajoz, 48, 52, 54;
    • left in command at Badajoz by Soult, 62, 247;
    • marches against and takes Campo Mayor, 253-5;
    • rescues Latour-Maubourg after combat of Campo Mayor, 263, 264;
    • recalled to Paris, 268.
  • Murcia, Army of, its unsuccessful campaign against Soult, 477-81.
  • Myers’s Fusilier Brigade, exploits of, at Albuera, and death of its commander, 390-3.
  • Napier, Sir William, his strictures on the Perceval Cabinet, 67;
    • on Wellington at Redinha, 143;
    • on cavalry pursuit at Campo Mayor, 264;
    • describes doings of the Light Division at Fuentes de Oñoro, 326;
    • criticism of Wellington’s action at Fuentes de Oñoro, 343-8;
    • on topography of Albuera, 374;
    • on battle of Albuera, 385, 386, 398, 401;
    • his remarks on Soult’s strategy in September, 454;
    • on Dorsenne’s advance into Galicia, 471;
    • on Contreras’s conduct at Tarragona, 510, 513.
  • Napoleon, Emperor, his orders to Drouet, 18, 19;
    • to Soult, 23;
    • his failure to understand situation of affairs in Spain and Portugal, 228, 93, 94, 204, 205;
    • approves of Masséna’s superseding Ney, 178;
    • establishes a single military commander in Northern Spain, 207;
    • threatens to annex Spain, 215-16;
    • refuses Joseph command over the troops in Spain, 219-20;
    • supersedes Masséna, 295, 357;
    • his criticism of Bessières, 305;
    • his orders to Soult, 363-5;
    • his criticism on Marmont, 435;
    • his orders to Suchet for the conquest of Catalonia, 485;
    • orders the reconquest of the Asturias, 585;
    • directs Marmont to invade the Alemtejo, 587-8;
    • his projects for the conquest of Valencia, 591-2.
  • Ney, Michel, marshal, Duke of Elchingen, commands 6th Corps, 8, 9;
    • his advice to Masséna at council of Golegão, 78;
    • retreats from Leiria, 131, 132, 134;
    • commands rearguard at Pombal, 138;
    • at Redinha, 142, 143;
    • at Condeixa, 146;
    • his quarrel with Masséna, 148;
    • at Foz do Arouce, 155-8;
    • on the Alva, 164, 171;
    • quarrels with Masséna and is removed from command, 176-8.
  • Niebla, the Condado of (W. Andalusia), operations in, 30, 34, 58, 128;
  • O’Donnell, Charles, general, serves under La Romana, 43;
    • commands in Valencia, 46; sends succours to Tarragona, 507.
  • O’Donnell, Henry, general, retires from command in Catalonia, 240.
  • O’Donnell, Joseph, general, defeated by Godinot, 480;
    • retires before Soult’s advance, 481.
  • Olivenza, fortress, taken by Soult, 35, 36;
    • besieged and taken by Beresford, 271-3;
    • evacuated by Wellington, 446;
    • blown up by Godinot, 454.
  • Olivo, Fort, at Tarragona, storm of, 503.
  • Orbigo, combats on the, 467.
  • O’Ronan, colonel, leads the attack on Fort Olivo, 505.
  • Ouguella, fortress, in Wellington’s position on the Caya, 449.
  • Oviedo, evacuated by Bonnet, 466;
    • recaptured by him, 586.
  • Pack, Denis, general, commanding a Portuguese brigade, 3;
    • skirmishes with Junot at Rio Mayor, 75;
    • pursues Junot, 86, 133;
    • at Redinha, 142; Casal Novo, 151;
    • on the Mondego, 199;
    • blockading Almeida, 290;
    • gives up command to Campbell, 351;
    • pursues Brennier, 353;
    • blows up fortifications at Almeida, 437.
  • Palacio, Marquis of, commanding in Valencia, 479.
  • Palamos, surprised by landing party from British frigates, 241.
  • Pelet, Jean Jacques, colonel, his evidence as to Masséna’s campaign quoted, 140, 147, 174, 177, 338, 347.
  • Peniche, fortress of, its importance, 7.
  • Penne Villemur, Count, Spanish cavalry general, 272, 276, 377, 412, 597.
  • Perceval, Spencer, prime minister, his correspondence with Wellington, 65-9.
  • Phillipon, Armand, general, governor of Badajoz, 253, 270, 279;
    • defends the town against Beresford, 285-7, 363, 397, 416;
    • against Wellington, 427-30;
    • siege raised, 431;
    • relieved by Marmont, 446;
    • receives new garrison, 457.
  • Picton, Thomas, general, commanding 3rd Division, 3;
    • his description of the devastation of Portugal, 135;
    • at Pombal, 138;
    • at Redinha, 142;
    • at Casal Novo, 151;
    • Foz do Arouce, 155-8;
    • at Guarda, 184-6;
    • at combat of Sabugal, 190-6;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 330;
    • at Badajoz, 408, 419;
    • at Campo Mayor, 449;
    • his management of the 3rd Division at El Bodon, 569-70.
  • Pla, combat of, 243.
  • Polish Lancers, 1st, charge of the, at Albuera, 383-4.
  • Pombal, combat of, 136, 137, 138.
  • Porlier, Juan Diaz, guerrillero chief, 207, 210, 211, 463, 468, 469;
  • Pozo Bello, fighting at, during the battle of Fuentes de Oñoro, 317-18.
  • Punhete, French bridge and dockyard at, 16;
    • burnt by Loison, 86.
  • Quintanilla de Valle, combat of, 467.
  • Ramsay, Norman, captain, his exploit at Fuentes de Oñoro, 327.
  • Redinha, combat of, 139-43.
  • Regency, the Spanish, deprives La Peña of his command, 130.
  • Reille, Honoré Charles, general, enters Spain with reinforcements, 225.
  • Rémond, general, defeated by Ballasteros on the Rio Tinto, 58, 128;
    • and at La Palma, 129;
    • opposed by the Conde de Montijo, 483.
  • Renaud, General, governor of Ciudad Rodrigo, captured by Julian Sanchez, 587.
  • Reynier, Jean Louis Ebenezer, general, commands division at Santarem, 9, 13;
    • at council of Golegão, 78-81;
    • his line of retreat, 131, 132;
    • rejoins Masséna, 153;
    • advises Masséna not to march on Plasencia, 180;
    • at Sabugal, 182, 190-6, 202;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 311-48;
    • with Marmont, 440.
  • Ridge, major, commanding 5th Fusiliers, his exploit at El Bodon, 567.
  • Rio Mayor, skirmish at, 75.
  • Rio Tinto, Ballasteros defeats Rémond on the, 58, 128.
  • Rogniat, general, Suchet’s chief engineer, 499.
  • Roguet, general, commands division in Bessières’ Army of the North, 462, 463;
    • sent on into Galicia by Dorsenne, 469.
  • Romana, La, Marquis of, Pedro Caro, see La Romana.
  • Rouget, general, driven from Santander by Porlier, 472.
  • Rovira, doctor, miquelete chief, 484;
    • organizes the surprise of Figueras, 491-3;
    • his operations, 494, 496;
    • seeks help at Cadiz, 535;
    • returns to Catalonia, 537.
  • Ruffin, general, defeated and mortally wounded at Barrosa, 110-16.
  • Sabugal, combat of, 189-96.
  • Saint-Cyr-Nugues, colonel, his part in the surrender of Tortosa, 237.
  • Sanchez, Julian, chief of guerrilleros, his raids near Salamanca, 201, 207, 213, 289;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 316, 318;
    • before Ciudad Rodrigo, 472, 474;
    • captures its governor, 587.
  • Santa Fé, Mariano, Duke of, his fruitless embassy to Paris, 215.
  • Santander, stormed by Porlier, 472.
  • Santarem, Masséna at, 1-22;
    • evacuated by Masséna, 57, 82;
    • occupied by Wellington, 88.
  • Santocildes, José, general, interim commander-in-chief in Galicia, 212, 293;
  • Sarsfield, general, defeats French at combat of Pla, 243, 246;
    • operations of, round Figueras, 494-5;
    • enters Tarragona, 506;
    • leaves it, 512-13;
    • opposes evacuation of Catalonia, 529.
  • Sebastiani, Horace, general, at Granada, 30, 31.
  • Serras, general, commands division at Benavente, 463;
    • checked by Cabrera, 467;
    • by Santocildes, 468.
  • Seville, weakness of, 31, 368;
    • threatened by Ballasteros, 57-8;
    • threatened by Blake, 444, 475-6.
  • Silveira, Francisco, general, at Trancoso, 19;
    • routed by Claparéde, 21;
    • in Tras-os-Montes, 461.
  • Skerret, colonel, his fruitless expedition to Tarragona, 519-21.
  • Slade, general, cavalry operations of, 166, 187, 437, 439, 450.
  • Souham, Joseph, general, joins Army of Portugal, 225;
    • lends reinforcements to Army of the North, 464;
    • at Burgos, 469;
    • engaged in combat of Aldea da Ponte, 577-8.
  • Soult, Nicolas, marshal, Duke of Dalmatia, commands Army of Andalusia, 9;
    • his expedition into Estremadura, 23, 91, 92;
    • takes Olivenza, 35-7;
    • besieges and takes Badajoz, 38-61;
    • returns to Seville, 62, 129, 247;
    • marches to relieve Badajoz, 286;
    • his orders from Napoleon, 363-5;
    • advances and fights at Albuera, 377-94;
    • his dispatch to Napoleon, 395-6;
    • retreats, 397, 410;
    • meets Marmont, 445;
    • relieves Badajoz, 446;
    • marches for Seville, 455;
    • drives Blake from the Condado de Niebla, 475, 476;
    • disperses Murcian army, 481;
    • his operations against the insurgents of Andalusia, 593-4.
  • Soult, Pierre, general, at combat of Sabugal, 193-6;
    • pursues Freire’s army, 481.
  • Sousa, José Antonio, member of the Portuguese Regency, Wellington’s suspicions of, 71.
  • Spencer, General Sir Brent, commands troops between the Agueda and Coa, 297;
    • at Fuentes de Oñoro, 330;
    • in charge of northern frontier of Portugal, his instructions from Wellington, 408;
    • retires before Marmont’s advance, 436, 437;
    • superseded by Graham, his character, 551-2.
  • Squire, captain, engineer officer with Beresford, 266;
    • at Olivenza, 272.
  • Stewart, William, general, 5;
    • takes over Hill’s command, 5;
    • superseded by Beresford, 5, 16;
    • his blunder at Albuera, 376-400.
  • Suchet, Louis Gabriel, marshal, commands in Aragon, 225;
    • besieges and takes Tortosa, 230-40;
    • ordered to take Tarragona by Napoleon, 485;
    • his march thither, 487;
    • besieges the place, 497-512;
    • captures the lower city, 513;
    • and the upper city, 525;
    • marches to Barcelona, 530;
    • captures Montserrat, 531;
    • ordered to subdue Valencia, 591.
  • Taboada, general, commands a division of the Army of Galicia, 466-7.
  • Tagus river, the, Ney’s and Reynier’s plans for passing, 15, 78-80;
    • Wellington’s precautions to prevent a passage, 73-4.
  • Talaya, Major José Joaquim, commander of Campo Mayor, 254;
    • his gallant defence, 256-7.
  • Tarifa, held by the British, 98, 593, 594.
  • Tarragona, besieged by Suchet, 497-525;
    • fall of the lower city, 513-14;
    • of the upper city, 523-5.
  • Teruel, beset by the Valencian army, 507;
    • by the Aragonese insurgents, 535.
  • Thiébault, Paul Charles, general, governor of Salamanca, fails to catch Julian Sanchez, 201;
    • supplies reinforcements to Masséna’s army, 300;
    • his views on Marmont, 359;
    • commands a division in the El Bodon campaign, 563, 571;
    • accuses Marmont of weakness, 575;
    • fights the combat of Aldea da Ponte, 577-9.
  • Thomar, operations around, 86-8.
  • Tillet, André, carries Masséna’s dispatch to Almeida, 350.
  • Tortosa, importance of, 227, 228;
  • Trancoso, combat of, 21.
  • Trant, Nicholas, colonel, commands militia brigade at Coimbra, 7, 19, 133;
    • defends Coimbra against Montbrun, 140-1;
    • operations of, 161, 189;
    • attacks Claparéde near Almeida, 199.
  • Truxillo, occupied by Lahoussaye, 214;
  • Valazé, engineer colonel, at Coimbra bridge, 137.
  • Valencia, the Army of, 227-8;
    • Blake in command of, 478-9;
    • Suchet’s precautions against, 486;
    • sends succours to Tarragona, 507.
  • Valencia, kingdom of, Napoleon’s designs against, 539, 591-2.
  • Valencia de Alcantara, evacuated by Spaniards, taken by Latour-Maubourg, 256;
    • head quarters of Castaños, 597.
  • Valladolid, attacked by partidas, 467.
  • Valletaux, brigadier, defeated and slain at combat of Cogorderos, 466, 467.
  • Velasco, general, second in command at Tarragona, 512;
    • his escape, 524;
    • votes to abandon Catalonia, 529.
  • Victor, Claude Perrin, marshal, Duke of Belluno, at Cadiz, 30;
    • forced to supply reinforcements to Soult, 93;
    • learns of the advance of the allied forces near Cadiz, 103;
    • defeated at Barrosa, 108-25;
    • retires behind the Saltillo, 126;
    • sends troops to Soult, 307.
  • Vigo-Roussillon, colonel, his account of Barrosa, 118-20.
  • Villacampa, general, commands Aragonese insurgents, 246, 535.
  • Villa da Ponte, combat of, 21;
    • Wellington’s battering-train at, 550, 584.
  • Villanueva de Sitjes, captured by Suchet, 528.
  • Villatte, general, opposes the Spaniards at the battle of Barrosa, 105-7.
  • Villa Velha, bridge of, its importance in Wellington’s communications, 408, 438-9.
  • Wathier, general, at Fuentes de Oñoro, 316, 322;
    • at combat of Carpio, 563;
    • at Aldea da Ponte, 577-8.
  • Wellesley, Hon. Henry, Ambassador at Cadiz, correspondence with, 129, 184, &c.
  • Wellington, Arthur, Viscount, disposition of his forces in Portugal, 1-6;
    • correspondence with Lord Liverpool on the cost of the war, 65-9;
    • his plan for attacking Masséna, 83;
    • occupies Santarem, 86;
    • his letter to Graham after the battle of Barrosa, 125;
    • his plan for pursuing Masséna, 131-5;
    • at skirmish of Redinha, 143;
    • at Foz do Arouce, 155-8;
    • crosses the Alva, 165;
    • his tactics, 169-72;
    • on the Coa, 189;
    • blockades Almeida, 201;
    • remarks on the surrender of Badajoz, 249;
    • on combat of Campo Mayor, 265;
    • directs investment of Badajoz, 279;
    • at Elvas, 296;
    • prepares for Masséna’s advance, 305;
    • battle of Fuentes de Oñoro, 310-48;
    • criticism on, 343-8;
    • his anger at Brennier’s escaping from Almeida, 355-6;
    • his remarks on Albuera, 399;
    • goes to besiege Badajoz, 405;
    • raises siege, 431;
    • expects Marmont’s advance, 435, 436;
    • his position on the Caya, 442-53;
    • retires with his army into the Beira, 457;
    • his plans for the autumn, 546-8;
    • blockades Ciudad Rodrigo, 551-3;
    • raises the blockade, 561;
    • surprised by Marmont at El Bodon, 565;
    • retires to Fuente Guinaldo, 571;
    • and to Alfayates, 577;
    • his errors in this campaign, 581-2;
    • resumes the blockade of Rodrigo, 583;
    • his plans for the winter, 584, 591.
  • Wheatley, colonel, at Barrosa, 111.
  • Whigs, their factious opposition to the Peninsular War, 66.
  • Whittingham, Samuel, colonel, in Tarifa expedition, 99;
  • Wilson, John, general, commands militia brigade at Espinhal, 6, 7;
    • driven back by Marcognet, 20;
    • on the Mondego, 161;
    • on the Coa, 189;
    • south of the Douro, 461.
  • Yranzo, general, refuses command of the Catalan army, 240.
  • Yriarte, brigadier-general, second in command at Tortosa, 232, 235;
    • his gallant defence, 238, 239.
  • Zayas, José, general, at Cadiz, 103;
    • attacks Villatte, 107, 124;
    • at Rio Tinto, 277;
    • joins Ballasteros, 278, 279;
    • at Albuera, 377-400;
    • at Niebla, 475;
    • joins Army of Murcia, 478.
  • Zezere, river, French raids along its banks, 15.