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A history of tithes

Chapter 73: APPENDIX C.
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About This Book

This work traces the development of the obligation to pay a tenth from antiquity through medieval and modern transformations, examining textual and legal evidence, disputed manuscripts, and competing historical interpretations. It reviews early church practice, medieval canons and monastic appropriations, Norman and later changes, Reformation and parliamentary adjustments, and the nineteenth-century commutation and redemption of tithes. It combines narrative history with statistical returns and legal analysis, critiques prior authorities and their use of negative evidence, and includes county-by-county data, appendices of returns, and an assessment of church revenues and endowments.

APPENDIX C.

Dean. Precentor. Chancellor. Treasurer. Prebendaries. Total.
£ £ £ £ £ £
1. Chichester 1,439 853 525 891 7,755 11,463
Durham 1,457 3,615 5,072
Ely 3,406 3,406
Exeter 2,505 215 1,054 1,219 2,100 7,193
5. Hereford 843 503 655 479 1,668 4,148
Lichfield 3,320 [300]14,853 18,173
Lincoln 6,478 9 9,310 15,797
St. Paul’s, London 583 1,711 1,592 3,850 6,936
Salisbury 5,507 2,429 3,253 3,258 16,819 30,366
10. Wells 2,041 355 340 800 4,934 8,470
York 4,412 563 1,094 6,465 12,534
Southwell Coll. Church 3,504 3,504
Heytesbury 1,288 1,288
Dean of S. Buryan 1,050
15. Middleham 232
Wales
Bangor 1,020 200 435 1,655
Llandaff 185 435 [301]1,098 1,718
St. Asaph’s 1,988 1,585 868 350 1,294 6,085
19. St. David’s 384 326 [302] [301]8,892 9,502
£148,492

I have given £314,276 as the total tithe-rent charges of 29 chapters; to this add £158,770 for separate prebendal and vicars-choral estates, etc., and we get the enormous revenue of £473,046, or £716,000 in tithes for 29 chapters, and only for tithes, without regard to the chapters’ landed and mineral estates. There is nothing similar to this to be found in any other Christian country in the world. It is even shocking when we add the above to their respective chapters, viz.:—

£ £ £
1. Chichester 8,883 + 11,463 = 20,346
Durham 15,322 + 5,072 = 20,394
Ely 10,762 + 3,406 = 14,168
Exeter 14,636 + 7,193 = 21,629
5. Hereford 10,371 + 4,148 = 14,519
Lichfield 6,738 + 18,173 = 24,911
Lincoln 5,111 + 15,797 = 20,908
London 10,681 + 6,936 = 17,617
Salisbury 11,282 + 30,366 = 41,648
Wells 7,382 + 8,470 = 15,852
11. York 6,357 + 12,534 = 18,891
Wales
Bangor 1,616 + 1,655 = 3,271
Llandaff 4,642 + 1,718 = 6,360
St. Asaph 3,018 + 6,085 = 9,103
15. St. David’s 6,323 + 9,502 = 15,825
£265,542

N.B.—The Vicars-Choral of ten Cathedrals possessed £10,278 tithe-rent charge, and 22 Archdeacons had £17,906, of which the Archdeacon of Surrey had £4,539 per annum, a most scandalous amount from parishes in Surrey and Hampshire; the Archdeacon of Canterbury had £3,009 per annum.

Summary of A, B, and C:—

£
Archbishops and Bishops 189,718
£
Chapters 314,276
Separate estates of Principals and Prebendaries 148,492
Vicars-Choral of ten Cathedrals 10,278
473,046
Twenty-two Archdeacons 17,236
Sinecure Rectories in Wales, erroneously inserted among “Clerical Appropriators” 1,695
£681,695

A very useful lesson is derived from a study of the tithe-rent charges in possession of the Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge in 1836.