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A history of tithes

Chapter 77: APPENDIX G.
By Henry William Clarke
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History - Religious

About This Book

This work traces the development of the obligation to pay a tenth from antiquity through medieval and modern transformations, examining textual and legal evidence, disputed manuscripts, and competing historical interpretations. It reviews early church practice, medieval canons and monastic appropriations, Norman and later changes, Reformation and parliamentary adjustments, and the nineteenth-century commutation and redemption of tithes. It combines narrative history with statistical returns and legal analysis, critiques prior authorities and their use of negative evidence, and includes county-by-county data, appendices of returns, and an assessment of church revenues and endowments.

APPENDIX G.

Analysis of the Tithe Commutation Return in Appendix F, showing (1) the number of Old Parishes in England and Wales; (2) the number not appropriated, and the number appropriated, to which is added a full explanation of the analysis.

Counties. Parochial Rectors. Appropriated Rectors. Impropriated Rectors. Collegiate School, Hospital, etc., Rectors. Appropriated Vicars. Parishes with Vicars but without Rectors. Total number of Vicars. Total number of Ancient Parishes.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
England.
Bedford 25 3 12 7 21 6 27 53
Berks 65 26 33 6 54 7 61 137
Bucks 63 9 42 1 36 10 46 125
Cambridge 40 19 8 19 32 5 37 91
Chester 51 21 18 26 26 90
Cornwall 81 28 86 3 103 6 109 204
Cumberland 31 26 23 2 25 2 27 84
Derby 47 16 50 51 5 56 118
Devon 245 83 104 9 147 8 155 449
10 Dorset 167 29 48 3 69 14 83 261
Durham 30 20 17 8 29 4 33 79
Essex 237 28 99 20 129 7 136 391
Gloucester 109 49 39 6 69 10 79 213
Hereford 80 80 29 9 98 17 115 215
Hertford 64 15 26 5 42 4 46 114
Huntingdon 36 7 11 3 13 13 57
Kent 176 143 63 13 181 10 191 405
Gloucester 28 11 31 1 21 21 71
Leicester 75 7 33 3 35 11 46 129
20 Lincoln 188 38 67 8 89 32 121 333
Middlesex 23 8 14 1 17 4 21 50
Monmouth 44 40 30 4 51 5 56 123
Norfolk 447 86 102 23 157 9 166 667
Northampton 91 8 16 6 21 11 32 132
Northumberland 18 16 43 3 43 3 46 83
Nottingham 41 27 22 8 45 8 53 106
Oxford 74 20 25 11 40 4 44 134
Rutland 24 6 2 6 1 7 33
Salop 116 8 87 4 75 4 79 219
30 Somerset 252 89 107 4 156 8 164 460
Southampton 171 33 48 31 87 9 96 292
Stafford 46 32 53 1 56 5 61 137
Suffolk 319 16 123 10 93 15 108 483
Surrey 74 13 42 1 35 3 38 133
Sussex 160 59 62 8 104 10 114 299
Warwick 48 7 45 18 53 16 69 134
Westmoreland 13 3 8 2 13 1 14 27
Wilts 131 69 50 12 101 12 113 274
Worcester 73 31 16 1 36 7 43 128
40 York 155 117 156 27 186 34 220 489
Total 4158 1346 1890 301 2645 327 2972 8022
Wales.
Anglesey 50 10 13 4 5 5 77
Brecon 27 24 15 1 24 2 26 69
Cardigan 15 15 31 1 24 24 62
Carmarthen 14 21 39 2 36 2 38 78
Carnarvon 40 10 13 5 17 1 18 69
Denbigh 20 22 7 2 18 5 23 56
Flint 14 15 2 15 15 31
Glamorgan 58 29 29 42 3 45 119
Merioneth 22 8 4 5 5 34
Montgomery 26 15 11 2 19 1 20 55
Pembroke 62 27 40 2 49 3 52 134
12 Radnor 18 26 2 1 17 3 20 50
Total 366 222 206 20 271 20 291 834
In England 4158 1346 1890 301 2645 327 2972 8022
Total in England and Wales 4524 1568 2096 321 2916 347 3263 8856

Column 1 indicates that nearly one-half of the parochial tithes in England and Wales were appropriated to archbishops, bishops, chapters, monasteries, colleges, etc. There are 8,856 old parishes in England and Wales. Columns 2, 3, and 4 give the number of appropriated rectories, total 3,985. So we have 3,985 old parishes deprived of their rectorial tithes. Who have these? Column 2 are archbishops, bishops, chapters, vicars-choral, and archdeacons. Column 3 are what are sometimes called “Lay Rectors,” i.e., impropriated rectors, namely, lay persons in receipt of rectorial tithes, resulting from the dissolution of monasteries and the dispersion of their tithes by the Crown to laymen. Columns 3 and 4 are lay persons receiving tithes from 2,417 parishes, amounting to gross £962,390, or nearly a million a year. Appendices A, B, and C, give the rectors in column 2. Appendix D gives the 321 in column 4. As regards column 3, the tithe-rent charges are dealt with as private property, and as such is constantly changing hands by sales or otherwise.

In columns 6 and 7, 3,985 appropriated and impropriated rectors of the old parishes employed 2,916 vicars. But column 6, or 347 parishes, have vicars, but no rectors.[306] Again, the 1,568 clerical rectors in column 2 employed only 1,176 vicars, and the remaining 392 parishes had no vicars. Again, the 2,096 impropriated rectors in column 3 employed only 1,525 vicars, and the remaining 564 parishes had none. Again, the 321 college, etc., rectors employed 207 vicars, and the remaining 102 parishes had none.

I refer the reader to the summary of tithe-rent charges at page 253. (1) The Clerical Appropriators having £681,695, number 1,568. They are classified in Appendices A, B, and C. (2) The Parochial Incumbents receiving £2,415,040, consist of rectors, 4,524 + 3,263 vicars = 7,787. (3) Lay Impropriators receive £766,334; they number 2,096. (4) Schools, colleges, etc., receive £196,055; they number 321, and are classified in Appendix D, page 247.