G.
- Gaillonella fossil in Tripoli, 25.
- ferruginea in bog-iron ore, 26.
- Galapagos Islands, animals of, 279.
- Garnets in altered rock, 382.
- Gases, subterranean rocks altered by, 476.
- Gault, 218.
- Gavarnie, flexures of strata, 59.
- Geology defined, 1.
- Gergovia, hill of, 430.
- Giant's Causeway, columns at, 384.
- Gibbes, R. W., cited, 207.
- Glacial phenomena, northern, origin of, 132.
- Glaciers, Alpine, 140.
- Glaciers on Caernarvonshire mountains, 130.
- Glasgow, marine strata near, 148.
- Glen Roy, parallel roads of, 86.
- Glen Tilt, granite of, 442.
- Gneiss, altered by granite, 445.
- in Bernese Alps, 484.
- at Cape Wrath, 444.
- near Christiania, 446.
- described, 464.
- Gold, age of, in Ireland, 498.
- age of, in Ural Mountains, 499.
- Goldfuss, Prof., on reptiles in coal-field, 336.
- Göppert, Prof., on beds of coal, 316.
- on petrifaction, 40.
- Graham's Island, 389. 407.
- Grampians, old red conglomerates in, 47.
- Granite described, 7. 436. 438. 444.
- passage of into trap, 441.
- porphyritic, 439.
- and limestone, junction of in Glen Tilt, 442.
- syenitic, 440.
- talcose, 440.
- schorly, 440.
- of Cornwall and Dartmoor, 474.
- of Swiss Alps, 484.
- rocks in connection with mineral veins, 500.
- of Saxony, 459.
- Granites, oldest, 458.
- varieties of, 444.
- veins in Cornwall, 445.
- veins in Cape Wrath, 444.
- veins in Table Mountain, 443.
- vein in White Mountains, 450.
- of Arran, age of, 459.
- near Christiania, 457.
- dikes in Mount Battock, 443.
- Graphite, powder of, consolidated by pressure, 38.
- Graptolites, 357.
- Grateloup, M., on fossils in chalk, 223.
- Grauwacke, term explained, 350.
- Greenland, sinking of coast, 46.
- Greensand, upper, 218.
- fossils of, 212.
- Greensburg, Pennsylvania, footprints of reptile in coal strata at, 337.
- Greenstone or Dolerite, 372.
- dike of, in Arran, 379.
- Grès de Beauchamp, Paris Basin, 193.
- Grignon, fossil shells near, 193.
- Grit defined, 11.
- Guadaloupe, human skeleton of, 115.
- Guidoni on Carrara marble, 482.
- Gutbier, Col. von, on Permian flora, 305. 307.
- Gryphæa, fossil figure of, 22.
- Gypseous marls, 186.
- series, 191.
- Gypsum defined, 13.
H.
- Hall, Sir Jas., experiments on fused minerals, 406.
- on curved strata, 48.
- Capt. B., cited, 378. 401. 443.
- Hamilton, Sir W., on eruption of Vesuvius, 405.
- Harris, Major, on salt lake in Ethiopia, 296.
- Hartz, Bunter sandstein of, 288.
- Hastings, Lady, fossils collected by, 198.
- Hastings sand, 229.
- bed, shells of, 229.
- Hautes Alpes, rocks of, 455.
- Haüy cited, 369.
- Hawkshaw, Mr., on fossil trees in coal, 317.
- Hayes, T. L., on icebergs, 123.
- Hébert, M., cited on Upper Eocene beds, 176.
- Hebrides, dikes of trap in, 379.
- Heidelberg, varieties of granite near, 444.
- Henfrey, Mr. A., on food of Mastodon, 138.
- Henslow, Prof., on fossil cetacea in Suffolk, 166.
- on fossil forests, 233.
- on dike and altered rock near Plas Newydd, 381.
- Henry, Mr., cited, 476.
- Herschel, Sir J., on slaty cleavage, 472.
- Hertfordshire pudding-stone, 35.
- Hibbert, Dr., on volcanic rocks, 428.
- on coal field at Burdiehouse, 325.
- cited, 419.
- High Teesdale, garnets in altered rock at, 382.
- Hildburghausen, footprints of reptile at, 289. 290.
- Hippurite limestone, 221.
- Hitchcock, Prof., on footprints, 297.
- Hoffmann, Mr., on Lipari Islands, cited, 476.
- on cave near Palermo, 74.
- on Carrara marble, 482.
- Hooghly river, analysis of water, 41.
- Hopkins, Mr., on fractures in Weald, 251.
- Horizontality of strata, 15.
- of roads of Lochaber, 88.
- Hornblende, 369.
- schist, 464. 478.
- Horner, Mr., on geology of Eifel, 415.
- on Megalichthys, 336.
- Hubbard, Prof., on granite vein in White Mountains, 450.
- Hugi, M., on Swiss Alps, 484.
- Humboldt, cited, 314.
- on uniform character of rocks, 486.
- Hungary, trachyte of, 442.
- volcanic rocks of, 421.
- Hunt, Mr., experiments on clay-ironstone, 326.
- Hutton, opinions of, 60.
- Huttonian theory, 92.
- Hypogene, term defined, 9.
- rocks, mineral character of, 485.
- or metamorphic limestone, 465.
I.
- Ibbetson, Capt., on chalk Isle of Wight, 215.
- Ice, rocks drifted by, 122.
- Icebergs, stranding of, 129. 137.
- Iceland, icebergs drifted to, 137.
- Ichthyolites of Old Red Sandstone, 349.
- Ichthyosaurus communis, figure of, 277.
- Igneous rocks, 6.
- of Siebengebirge and Westerwald, 417.
- rocks of Val di Noto, 389.
- Iguanodon Mantelli, 227. 229.
- India, cretaceous system in, 225.
- freshwater deposits of, 173.
- oolitic formation in, 285.
- Indusial limestone, Auvergne, 184.
- Infusoria in tripoli, 24.
- Inland sea-cliffs in South of England, 71.
- Insects in Lias, 281.
- Ireland, drift in, 131.
- Ischia, volcanic cones in, 403.
- Post-Pliocene strata of, 113.
- Isle of Wight, freshwater beds of, 197.
- Isomorphism, theory of, 370.
J.
- Jackson, Dr. C. T., analysis of fossil bones, 138.
- James, Capt., on fossils in drift South Ireland, 131.
- Java, stream of sulphureous water, 191.
- Jobert, M., on hill of Gergovia, 430.
- Joints, 469.
- Jorullo, lava stream of, 450.
- Jura, alpine blocks on, 142.
- limestone, 261.
- structure of, 55.
K.
- Kangaroo, fossil and recent, jaws figured, 156.
- Kaup, Prof., on footprints of Cheirotherium, 290.
- Kaye, Mr., on fossils of Southern India, 225.
- Keeling Island, fragment of greenstone in, 217.
- Keilhau, Prof., cited, 457. 474.
- on dike of greenstone, 380.
- on gneiss near Christiania, 446.
- on granite, 447.
- Kelloway rock, 34.
- Kentish chalk, sand-galls in, 82.
- Keuper, the, 287.
- Killas in granite of Cornwall, 474.
- Kimmeridge clay, 260. and Postscript, xxi.
- King, Dr., on footprints of reptile, 337.
- King, Mr., on Permian group and fossils, 301. 302.
- Kirkdale, cave at, 154.
- Kotzebue cited, 217.
- Kyson, in Suffolk, strata of, 202.
L.
- Labyrinthodon, 292. 288. 289.
- Lacustrine strata of Auvergne, 181.
- Lagoons at mouth of rivers, 33.
- of Bermuda Islands, 216.
- Lake craters of Eifel, 419.
- crater of Laach, 420.
- Lamarck on bivalve mollusca, 29.
- Land, rising and sinking, 45.
- Laterite, 376.
- Lava, 373.
- current, Auvergne, 425.
- relation to trap, 387.
- stream of Jorullo, 450.
- of Stromboli, 450.
- Lea, Mr., footprints of reptile discovered by, 340.
- Lead, veins of, in Permian rocks, 499.
- Lehman on classification of rocks, 90.
- Leibnitz, theory of, 94.
- Lepidodendra, 312.
- Lewes, coomb near, 250.
- Lias, 273.
- period, Volcanic rocks, 431.
- at Lyme Regis, 281.
- plutonic rocks of, 455.
- and oolite, origin of, 282.
- fossil plants of, 282.
- Liebig, Prof., on conversion of coal into lignite, 333.
- on preservation of fossil bones in caverns, 155.
- Lima, recent strata of, 115.
- Limagne d'Auvergne, freshwater formations of, 187.
- Lime, scarcity of, in metamorphic rocks, 487.
- Limestone, brecciated, 302.
- crystalline, 302.
- compact, 303.
- fossiliferous, 303.
- hippurite, 221.
- indusial, Auvergne, 184.
- of Jura, 261.
- magnesian, 301.
- mountain fossils of, 340.
- primary or metamorphic, 465.
- in Germany, of Devonian system, 348.
- Lindley, Dr., cited, 223.
- on leaves in lignite, 416.
- Link, M., on footprints, 291.
- Lipari Islands, rocks altered by gases in, 476.
- Lisbon, marine tertiary strata near, 171.
- Lithodomi in beaches of N. America, 78.
- in inland cliffs, 73.
- Llandeilo flags, 357.
- Loam defined, 13.
- Lochaber, parallel roads of, 86.
- Lodes. See Mineral Veins, 490.
- Loess of valley of Rhine, 117.
- fossil land shells of, figured, 120.
- Logan, Mr., on coal measures of South Wales, 310.
- on fossil forest in Nova Scotia, 322.
- on reptilian foot-prints in lowest Silurian in Canada, Postscript, viii.
- London clay, 200.
- Lonsdale, Mr., cited, 152.; on corals, 173.
- on corals of Normandy, 170.
- on corals in Wenlock formation, 355.
- on fossils in white chalk, 26.
- on old red sandstone of S. Devon, 345.
- on Stonesfield slate, 266.
- Louvain, Eocene strata near, 177.
- Lovén on shells of Norway, 114.
- Ludlow formation, 351.
- Lund, cited, 158.
- Lycett, Mr., on shells of oolite, 266.
- Lyme Regis, lias at, 281.
- Lym-Fiord invaded by the sea, 33.
- kelp in, 217.
- Lyons, coal mine near, 319.
M.
- Macacus, in Eocene formation, 203.
- Maclaren, Mr., on erratic blocks in Pentlands, 125.
- Maclure, Dr., on volcanos in Catalonia, 409.
- MacCulloch, Dr., cited, 442.
- on altered rock in Fife, 383.
- on basaltic columns in Skye, 385.
- on denudation, 67.
- on granite of Aberdeenshire, 441.
- on igneous rocks of Scotland, 390.
- on Isle of Skye, 36. 456.
- on hornblende schist, 478.
- on overlying rocks, 8.
- on parallel roads, 87.
- on pebbles of granite, 460.
- on trap vein in Argyleshire, 379.
- Madeira, view of dike in inland valley in, 378.
- Maestricht beds, 209.
- Magnesian limestone, concretionary structure of, 37.
- defined, 13.
- groups, 301.
- Maidstone, fossils in white chalk of, 214.
- Mammalia, extinct, above drift in United States, 138.
- extinct, of basin of Mississippi, 116.
- fossil teeth of, figured, 160.
- Mammat's "Geological Facts" cited, 69.
- Mammifer in trias near Stuttgart, Postscript, xiii.
- Mansfield in Thuringia, Permian formation at, 306.
- Mantell, Dr., cited, 217. 229. 231. 251.
- on belemnite, 263.
- on chalk flints, 253.
- on Brighton elephant bed, 257.
- on freshwater beds of Isle of Wight, 198.
- on iguanodon, 227.
- on Wealden group, 226.
- on reptile in Old Red, Postscript, x.
- Marble defined, 12.
- Marl defined, 13.
- in Lake Superior, 36.
- red and green in England, 289.
- Marl-slate defined, 13.
- Martin, Mr., cited, 250.
- on cross fractures in chalk, 245.
- Martins, Mr. C., on glaciers of Spitzbergen, 136.
- Map to illustrate denudation of Weald, 242.
- Map of Eocene beds of central France, 179.
- Massachusetts, plumbago in, 478.
- Mastodon angustidens, jaw, figure of, 159.
- Mastodon giganteus, in United States, 137.
- Mayence tertiary strata, 177.
- Mediterranean and Red Sea, distinct species in, 100.
- deposits forming in, 99.
- Megalichthys in Cannel coal of Fifeshire, 336.
- Megatherium in South America, 158.
- Menai Straits, marine shells in drift, 130.
- Mendips, denudation in, 68.
- Metalliferous veins. See Mineral Veins.
- Metals, supposed relative ages of, 497.
- Metamorphic rocks, 463.
- defined, 8.
- why less calcareous than fossiliferous, 487.
- order of succession, 485.
- glossary of, 466.
- Metamorphic strata, origin of, 467.
- Metamorphic structure, origin of, 477.
- Meteorites in drift, 145.
- Mexico, lamination of volcanic rocks in, 480.
- Meyer, M. H. von, cited, 147.
- on fossil mammalia of Rhine, 178.
- on reptile in coal, 336. 337.
- on sandstone of Vosges, 288.
- on Wealden of Hanover and Westphalia, 237.
- Mica schist, 465.
- Micaceous sandstone, origin of, 14.
- Microlestes antiquus, triassic mammifer, Postscr., xiv.
- Miller, Mr. H., on origin of rock salt, 295.
- on old red sandstone, 343.
- on fossil trees of coal near Edinburgh, 321.
- Minchinhampton, fossil shells at, 266.
- Mineral character of aqueous rocks, 97.
- composition, test of age of volcanic rocks, 399.
- springs, connected with mineral veins, 496.
- veins and faults, 488. 490.
- of different ages, 490. 498. 499.
- veins, pebbles in, 492.
- subsequently enlarged and re-opened, 492.
- veins, various forms of, 489.
- veins near granite, 496.
- Mineralization of organic remains, 38.
- Miocene formations, 168.
- in United States, 171.
- period, volcanic rocks of, 415.
- term defined, 111.
- Mississippi, fluviatile strata and delta of, 115. 116.
- Mitchell, Sir T., on Australian caves, 156.
- Mitscherlich, Prof., on augite and hornblende, 369.
- on isomorphism, 370.
- on mineral composition of Somma, 404.
- Modon, lithodomi in cliff at, 73.
- Molasse of Switzerland, 171.
- Mons, flexures of coal at, 53.
- Mont Blanc, granite of, 453.
- Mont Dor, Auvergne, 422.
- Monte Calvo, section of, 18.
- Montlosier, M., on Auvergne volcanos, 427.
- Moraine, term explained, 123.
- Moraines of glaciers, 141.
- Morea, inland sea-cliffs of, 73.
- trap of, 431.
- Morris, Mr., cited, 177.
- on fossils at Brentford, 147.
- Morton, Dr., on cretaceous rocks, 224.
- Morven, basaltic columns in, 385.
- Mosasaurus in St. Peter's Mount, 210.
- Mountain limestone, fossils of, 340.
- Munster, Count, on fossils of Solenhofen, 260.
- Murchison, Sir R., cited, 248. 324.
- on new red sandstone, 290.
- on age of Alps, 206.
- on age of gold in Russia, 499.
- on erratic blocks of Alps, 144.
- on granite, 456. 459.
- on primary strata in Russia, 124.
- on joints and cleavage, 469. 471.
- on old red sandstone of S. Devon, 345. 348.
- on pentamerus, 353.
- on Permian flora, 305.
- on Silurian strata of Shropshire, 434.
- on Swiss Alps, 484.
- on term Permian, 301.
- on term Silurian, 350.
- on tilestones, 351.
- Muschelkalk, 287.
N.
- Naples, post-pliocene formations near, 403.
- recent strata near, 112.
- Navarino, lithodomi found in cliff at, 73.
- Necker, M. L. A., cited, 445.
- on composition of cone of Somma, 404.
- on granite in Arran, 460.
- on granitic rocks, 447.
- on Swiss Alps, 484.
- terms granite underlying, 8.
- Nelson, Lieut., drawing of Bermuda, 79.
- on Bermuda Island, 216.
- Neptunian theory, 91.
- Newcastle coal field, great faults in, 64.
- Newcastle, fossil tree near, 312. 318.
- New Jersey, Mastodon giganteus in, 137.
- New red sandstone, distinction from old, 286.
- its subdivisions, 287.
- of United States, 297.
- trap of, 432.
- New Zealand, absence of quadrupeds, 158.
- Niagara, recent shells in valley of, 138.
- Noeggerath, M., cited, 415.
- Nomenclature, changes of, 93.
- Norfolk, buried forest, 127. 130. 147.
- drift, 126.
- Normandy chalk, cliffs, and needles, 241.
- Northwich, beds of salt at, 294.
- Norwich crag, fluvio-marine, 148.
- sand-pipes near, 82.
- Nova Scotia, coal seams of Cape Breton, 315.
- fossil forest of coal in, 321.
- Nummulites, figures of, 200. 205.
- Nummulitic formation, 205.
- Nyst, M., cited, 176.
O.
- Oeynhausen, M. von, on Cornish granite veins, 445.
- Olot, extinct volcanos near, 408.
- Old red sandstone, 342.
- in Forfarshire, 478.
- trap of, 434.
- Oolite, 257.
- and lias, origin of, 282.
- inferior, fossils of, 272.
- in France, 259.
- plutonic rocks of, 455.
- term defined, 12.
- volcanic rocks of, 431.
- Oolitic group in France, 283.
- Orbigny, M. d', cited, 222.
- on fossils of nummulitic limestone, 206.
- on subdivisions of cretaceous series, 209.
- Organic remains, criterion of age of formation, 98.
- test of age of volcanic rocks, 399.
- Ormerod, Mr., on trias of Cheshire, 295.
- Overlying, term applied to volcanic rocks, 8.
- Owen, Prof., cited, 155. 166. 229. 267. 268. 270. 291.
- on amphitherium, 269.
- on birds in New Zealand, 158.
- on caves in England, 154.
- on footprints, 298.
- on fossils in Australia, 156.
- on fossil monkey, 202.
- on fossil quadrupeds, 157.
- on ichthyosaurus, 276.
- on reptile in coal, 337.
- on serpent of Bracklesham, 199.
- on snake at Sheppey, 201.
- on thecodont saurians, 306.
- on zeuglodon, 207. 208.
- on reptile in Silurian rocks, Postscript, viii.
- Oxford clay, 262.
- Oyster beds, 204.