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A manual of pyrotechny

Chapter 2: PREFACE.
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The manual explains the principles and history of pyrotechnics, traces early use to Chinese practice, and then gives detailed, practical instructions for making and handling gunpowder and related materials (nitre, sulphur, charcoal, iron filings, resins), apparatus and grinding/mixing methods, and a wide range of firework types: serpents, crackers, stars, maroons, gerbes, Roman candles, rockets, wheels, fountains and compound displays. It includes tables of compositions and dimensions, construction and firing techniques, economy and safety advice, and designs for private illuminations and mechanical effects intended for instructing amateurs rather than professional manufacturers.

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Title: A manual of pyrotechny

or, A familiar system of recreative fire-works

Author: G. W. Mortimer

Release date: January 22, 2019 [eBook #58756]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by John Campbell and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MANUAL OF PYROTECHNY ***

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the book.

Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book.



A

MANUAL

OF

PYROTECHNY;


OR,


A FAMILIAR SYSTEM


OF


Recreative Fire-Works.




BY G. W. MORTIMER.



Admotam rapiunt vivacia sulfura flammam.
Ovid.






LONDON:
PRINTED FOR W. SIMPKIN & R. MARSHALL,
STATIONERS’ HALL COURT, LUDGATE STREET.


MDCCCXXIV.


W. TYLER, PRINTER, 5, BRIDGEWATER SQUARE.


PREFACE.



The Introduction prefixed to the following little Manual supersedes the necessity of an extended Preface, and leaves little more to be mentioned than the design and occasion of the work.

The design of it is to be a useful assistant to those who are fond of a rational and scientific amusement, and the occasion of it arises from the great scarcity and general difficulty of procuring any work on the subject; none having appeared worthy of notice since that published by Lieutenant Robert Jones, in 1760, and those by the French Artists mentioned in our Introduction.

In didactic particulars the Author has occasionally availed himself of the language of the best writers, where such has been corroborated by subsequent experience.

Perspicuity has been a particular object through the work, and when technical terms have been used they are generally followed by familiar explications, and the Author feels assured that the whole will be found perfectly intelligible to every reader. To experienced Pyrotechnists this little work cannot be expected to afford much additional information, yet to them it may contain some little particulars not known to them before, which from their practical utility it is hoped will prove acceptable.

The Author publishes this little work, with the desire that it may prove a useful assistant to those who are unacquainted with the principles of the art on which it treats. If in any way it should contribute to this purpose, an apology for obtruding it upon the Public will certainly be unnecessary.

January 1st, 1824.


CONTENTS.

Page
Introduction1
 
SECTION I.
History and description of Gunpowder10
 
SECTION II.
Materials29
Nitreibid.
Sulphur32
To purify Sulphur34
Charcoalibid.
Steel-dust35
To prepare Iron-sand37
Second methodibid.
Oil of Camphor40
Benzoinibid.
 
SECTION III.
Apparatus42
Grinding Machines43
Another method of Grinding44
Method of Mixing the Ingredients45
 
SECTION IV.
Description and Variety of Fire-works47
Touch-paper48
To make Touch-paperibid.
Quick-match49
To make Quick-matches; and composition for ditto50
Port-Fires51
Compositions for ditto52
Port-fires for Illuminations53
Leaders, or Pipes of Communicationibid.
Application of ditto54
 
SECTION V.
Of single Fire-works57
Serpentsibid.
Crackers59
Pin wheels61
Stars63
Strung Stars64
Tailed Stars65
Driven Starsibid.
Rolled Stars6
Sparks68
Another method of making ditto69
Marroonsibid.
Construction70
Saucissonsibid.
Batteries of Marroons, &c.71
Gerbes72
Small Gerbes75
Roman Candles76
Chinese Fire79
Composition for ditto, Red and Whiteibid.
 
SECTION VI.
Rockets81
Sky Rockets83
Dimensions of Rockets88
Calibre and Weight of Rockets89
Calibre of Moulds90
Remarks on the foregoing Tables91
Preparing the Cartridges93
Filling and Ramming the Cases96
Directions for ditto97
Preparing and fixing the pots to the Heads of Rockets101
Table for the Length and Proportion of Rods105
Tables of Composition for Rockets106
To cause a Rocket to ascend in a Spiral form109
Towering Rockets110
Honorary Rockets111
Caduceus Rockets112
Signal Rockets113
Table Rockets115
Scrolls for Rockets116
Courantines, or Line Rockets117
Revolving Courantines121
To represent by Rockets various forms in the air122
To cause a Rocket to form an arc in rising128
To fire Rockets without Rods124
Theory of the flight of Rockets125
 
SECTION VII.
Tables of various compositions130
 
SECTION VIII.
Compound Fire-Works139
Girandole chests of Serpentsibid.
Girandole chests of Rockets141
Pots des Brins142
Jets of Fire143
Chinese Fountain145
Pyramid of Flower Pots146
Wheels149
Ditto single Horizontal150
Ditto Plural152
Wheels Spiral152
Ditto Ditto Illuminated153
Ditto Balloon154
Ditto Ground155
Ditto Horizontal changed to a Vertical156
Ditto Vertical Scroll158
Ditto remarks onibid.
Fir tree, to represent159
Yew tree of Brilliant Fire160
Fixed Fire Globes161
Globes which leap or roll on the groundibid.
Moon and seven Stars164
Suns, fixed and moveable165
Composition for representing Animals and other devices in fire168
Aquatic fire-worksibid.
Fire fountain for the water170
Conclusion172