LITERATURE CITED
Birdsell. J. B.
1948. Racial Origin of the Extinct Tasmanians. Records of the Queen
Victoria Museum, Tasmania, Vol. II, No. 3.
Churchill, W.
1911. The Polynesian Wanderings. Carnegie Institute of Washington,
Publ. No. 134, Washington.
Derrick, R. A.
1951. History of Fiji. Printing and Stationery Dept., Suva, Fiji.
Fornander, A.
1878. The Polynesian Race. London.
Hocart, A. M.
1929. Lau Islands, Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bull. 62,
Honolulu.
Hooton, E. A.
1946. Up From the Ape. Macmillan Co., New York
Howells. W. W.
1933. Anthropometry and Blood Types in Fiji and the Solomon Islands.
American Museum of Natural History. Anthropological Papers, Vol. 33,
Pt. 4.
Roth, G. K.
1953. The Fijian Way of Life. Oxford University Press, London.
Simmon, R. T., J. J. Graydon, and G. Barnes
1945. The Medical Journal of Australia, May 26.
Sullivan, L. R.
1922. A Contribution to Tongan Somotology. Bernice P. Bishop Museum,
Vol. VIII, No. 4.
Thomson, B.
1908. The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of Custom. Wm. Heinemann,
London.
PLATES
PLATE 1. NEAR-AVERAGE BODY FEATURES
| Stature: 173.3 cm. |
| Weight: 172.1 lbs. |
| Arm length: 75.1 cm. |
| Leg length: 82.2 cm. |
| Shoulder breadth: 41 cm. |
| Hip breadth: 29.1 cm. |
| Shoulder-hip index: 71.0 |
| Chest breadth: 28.8 cm. |
| Chest depth: 22.8 cm. |
| Thoracic index: 75.7 |
| Sitting height: 86.3 cm. |
| Sitting height-stature index: 50.0 |
| Body build: Strongly mesomorphic |
PLATE 2. NEAR-AVERAGE CRANIAL FEATURES
| Head length: 187.2 mm. |
| Head breadth: 156.9 mm. |
| Cephalic index: 83.9 |
| Head height: 128.6 mm. |
| Length-height index: 68.7 |
| Length-breadth index: 81.1 |
| Minimum frontal diameter: 109.8 mm. |
| Fronto-parietal index: 70.0 |
PLATE 3. NEAR-AVERAGE FACIAL FEATURES
| Bizygomatic breadth: 146.7 mm. |
| Cephalo-facial index: 93.2 |
| Zygo-frontal index: 75.3 |
| Bigonial breadth: 109.6 mm. |
| Fronto-gonial index: 100.1 |
| Zygo-gonial index: 74.7 |
| Bicanine breadth: 39.8 |
| Total facial height: 122.3 mm. |
| Total facial index: 84.1 |
| Upper facial height: 71.3 |
| Upper facial index: 48.9 |
| Nasal height: 53.1 |
| Nasal breadth: 45.5 |
| Nasal index: 85.6 |
PLATE 4. NEAR-AVERAGE FACE AND NOSE FEATURES
| FACE |
| Pronounced malars |
| Moderately long face |
| Wide gonia |
| Moderate chin |
| Moderate prognathism |
| NOSE |
| Broad bridge |
| Wide root |
| Moderate length |
| Thick tip |
| Flaring nostrils |
| Straight profile |
PLATE 5. NEAR-AVERAGE LIP AND EAR FEATURES
| LIPS |
| Moderately thick |
| Pronounced lip seam |
| Moderate eversion |
| EARS |
| Moderate size |
| Small lobe |
| Attached lobe |
| Moderate protrusion |
PLATE 6. NEAR-AVERAGE HAIR FEATURES
| Black color |
| Frizzly form |
| Pronounced quantity |
| Coarse texture |
| Intermediate length |
PLATE 7. HAIR FORM VARIANTS
CURLY HAIR WAVY HAIR
PLATE 8. PRONOUNCED BODY HAIR
| 20 per cent occurrence |
PLATE 9. PRONOUNCED BEARD
| 26 per cent occurrence |
PLATE 10. FACIAL VARIATIONS
| No prognathism |
| High forehead |
| Moderate browridges |
| Moderate prognathism |
| Low, receding forehead |
| Pronounced browridges |
| Pronounced prognathism |
| Low, receding forehead |
| Very pronounced browridges |
PLATE 11. INTERIOR SUBJECT (MORE NEGROID)
| Shorter stature |
| Narrower shoulders |
| Deeper chest |
| Darker skin |
| Narrower head |
| Broader nose |
| Thicker lips |
PLATE 12. "NEGROID" FIJIAN
PLATE 13. INTERIOR SUBJECT (MORE AUSTRALOID)
| Heavier beard and body hair |
| Lower, more sloping forehead |
| More compressed parietals |
| More pronounced brow ridges |
| More prognathic |
PLATE 14. "AUSTRALOID" FIJIANS
PLATE 15. EASTERN SUBJECT (MORE POLYNESIAN)
| Lighter skin |
| Less beard and body hair |
| Wavy hair |
| Wider head |
| Higher, steeper forehead |
| Less prognathic |
| Higher, narrower nose |
| Moderately thick lips |
Illustration: PLATE 16. "POLYNESIAN" FIJIANS
[1] Hooton, 1946, pp. 735-763.
[2] Derrick, 1946, pp. 5-6.
[3] Ibid., pp. 7-8.
[4] Population statistics from "Fiji Information," of 1954, issued by Public Relations Office, Suva, Fiji.
[5] Hooton, 1946, p. 621.
[6] Birdsell, 1949, p. 120.
[7] Fornander, 1878.
[8] Churchill, 1911.
[9] Hocart, 1929, p. 236.
[10] Howells, 1933, p. 335.
[11] Roth, 1953, pp. 54, 55.
[12] One pound deducted for dress (usually shorts only).
[13] By subtracting sitting height from total stature.
[14] Cranial measurements are not distorted by cradling practice or other causes of deformation.
[15] Howells records skin color with the von Luschan scale. I have adjusted this scale to my own.
[16] + means medium or moderate; ++ means pronounced; +++ means very pronounced.
[17] Observation taken on the chest.
[18] W. H. Sheldon, The Variation of Human Physique, Harper and Bros., 1940.
[19] Birdsell, 1949, p. 120.
[20] Hooton, 1946, p. 621.
[21] Howells, 1933, p. 332.
[22] Simmons et al., 1945, pp. 3-4
[23] See pp. 1 and 4 of Introduction.
[Transcriber's Note: Figures incorrectly entered as zero have been calculated and inserted in {}.]