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A Source-Book of English Social History

Chapter 180: FOOTNOTES
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About This Book

This volume assembles primary extracts—laws, manorial custumals, gild regulations, urban accounts, private correspondence, travel narratives, and company minutes—to illustrate social and economic developments in England from Saxon village arrangements through early modern commercial expansion. Passages reveal the origins and operation of manorial and village systems, the Church’s role in education and trade, the growth of towns and civic institutions, changing labour and enclosure, overseas exploration, and the rise of commerce and finance. Arranged chronologically and thematically, the selections invite direct analysis of original evidence and sketch the shifting institutions and everyday life that prepared the Industrial Revolution.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Tun, i.e., enclosure or township.

[2] Bot, i.e., amends.

[3] Wite, i.e., fine.

[4] Wed = Pledge against repetition of trespass.

[5] Pannage = Payment for right to graze swine in woodland.

[6] Yardland = 30 acres.

[7] Wer = Amount at which a man’s value to the community is reckoned.

[8] Port = Town not necessarily a sea-port.

[9] Burh = Fortified place, burg, bury.

[10] Oferhyrnes = Fine.

[11] Probably Greatley near Andover.

[12] Frith = Peace.

[13] Books = Written statements of property.

[14] Mass priest is any priest able to celebrate mass; used by Saxons for parish priest.

[15] Franchise = Free community.

[16] Soke = Land belonging to the city but outside the walls.

[17] Plea rolls = Record of appeals heard in the city courts.

[18] Socman = A free holder of land.

[19] i.e. shires, hundreds, tithings.

[20] Carucate = Hide, about 120 acres.

[21] Chirograph is the name for a bond or written record.

[22] Corodiers = Men holding by corrody, i.e. service of providing a night’s lodging.

[23] Mentz = Mainz, ruled by an archbishop.

[24] A mistake, Alexius did not reign till thirty years later.

[25] Title given to the son of the Holy Roman Emperor.

[26] Offenders were mainly members of the Corporation or the University, also some local landowners.

[27] Suburbs of Cambridge, Trumpington above, Chesterton below the town.

[28] The prohibition of iron-tyred carts was common in towns at this period.

[29] Speculators, investing capital in draining.

[30] Denied by Anglicans to-day.

[31] Lays, leys, or leas, is an old name for the common fields about a village.

[32] East India Co. had, in 1757, taken responsibility for the defence of Bengal, and been involved in war with the heir to the Mogul throne, 1759; the Nawab Mir Kasim, 1763; the Mahrattas, 1765; they also sold arms and artillery to natives.