CASE No. 5878.—A.B. Maniacal attack. 48 individual reactions, of which 18 are classed as normal, 10 are sound reactions (2 sound neologisms), 1 word complement, 8 particles, and 11 unclassified reactions most of which are either obviously normal or "far fetched" but not strictly incoherent.
Table—mahogany…….
Dark—green………..
Music—masonic……..10
Sickness—seasickness.10
Man—maternity……..10
Deep—well…………
Soft—silk…………
Eating—cleanliness…19
Mountain—Gibraltar…17
House—bungalow…….
Black—light……….
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—linen……..17
Hand—left…………17
Short—shorthand……10
Fruit—pears……….
Butterfly—canary…..17
Smooth—linen………17
Command—pilot……..17
Chair—round……….
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—mother…….19
Woman—twenty-one…..12
Cold—ice………….
Slow—music………..
Wish—girl…………
River—Hudson………
White—plaster……..17
Beautiful—nature…..
Window—St. Patrick's.17
Rough—blankets…….19
Citizen—twenty-one…12
Foot—six………….12
Spider—fly………..
Needle—tailor……..
Red—Herald………..19
Sleep—seven……….12
Anger—Angoria…….. 3
Carpet—green………
Girl—eighteen……..12
High—school……….11
Working—ten……….12
Sour—kraut………..
Earth—round……….
Trouble—son……….19
Soldier—navy………
Cabbage—curly……..19
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—almanac……..17
Stomach—stomjack….. 3
Stem—maple………..17
Lamp—New…..York….19
Dream—husband……..19
Yellow—cards………17
Bread—rye…………
Justice—liberty……
Boy—Joe…………..
Light—white……….
Health—death………10
Bible—holy………..
Memory—seven………12
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—cleanliness…..
Cottage—gray………17
Swift—ball………..
Blue—balloon………10
Hungry—yes………..12
Priest—doctor……..
Ocean—Niagara……..17
Head—rest…………
Stove—stationary…..10
Long—poems………..19
Religion—Catholic….
Whiskey—Hunter…….
Child—Jesus……….17
Bitter—gall……….
Hammer—steel………
Thirsty—water……..
City—New York……..
Square—Union………
Butter—sweet………
Doctor—S………….17
Loud—discreet……..19
Thief—night……….
Lion—Bostock……… 2
Joy—Joy Line………10
Bed—Ostermoor……..17
Heavy—iron………..
Tobacco—Durham…….
Baby—Rose…………17
Moon—half…………
Scissors—steel…….
Quiet—nursing……..19
Green—grass……….
Salt—rock…………
Street—Liberty…….17
King—Alphonso……..
Cheese—Swiss………
Blossom—apple……..
Afraid—dark……….
CASE No. 6511.—U.B. Maniacal attack. Persistent use of particles oh, me, I, none, etc.
Table—none……….. 6
Dark—red………….
Music—stock……….19
Sickness—rose……..19
Man—Frank…………17
Deep—blue…………
Soft—pillow……….
Eating—no…………12
Mountain—oyster……11
House—mercy……….19
Black—mother………19
Mutton—me………… 6
Comfort—home………
Hand—mother……….15
Short—me…………. 6
Fruit—me…………. 5
Butterfly—it………12
Smooth—oh…………12
Command—none……… 6
Chair—none……….. 5
Sweet—for…………12
Whistle—bird………
Woman—I………….. 6
Cold—I…………… 5
Slow—me…………..
Wish—none………… 2
River—are…………12
White—wife………..10
Beautiful—Alma…….17
Window—Stephen…….19
Rough—Rudolphia……10
Citizen—father…….17
Foot—Anthon……….19
Spider—reverend……19
Needle—pine……….17
Red—brother……….19
Sleep—Adam………..19
Anger—I………….. 6
Carpet—home……….
Girl—Agatha……….17
High—niece………..13
Working—I………… 6
Sour—I…………… 5
Earth—I………….. 5
Trouble—I………… 5
Soldier—father…….15
Cabbage—hail………19
Hard—me…………..12
Eagle—I………….. 6
Stomach—I………… 5
Stem—life…………
Lamp—Lambert………10
Dream—I………….. 6
Yellow—I…………. 5
Bread—I………….. 5
Justice—I………… 5
Boy—just………….13
Light—picture……..19
Health—cook……….19
Bible—beads……….17
Memory—Dick……….19
Sheep—to………….12
Bath—none…………
Cottage—home………
Swift—lazy………..
Blue—Nell…………19
Hungry—I………….
Priest—I…………. 5
Ocean—I………….. 5
Head—home………… 6
Stove—home………..
Long—short………..
Religion—none……..
Whiskey—none………
Child—Sylvester……17
Bitter—I…………. 6
Hammer—my…………12
Thirsty—no……….. 6
City—no………….. 5
Square—Ben………..19
Butter—I…………. 6
Doctor—I…………. 5
Loud—bell…………
Thief—iron………..19
Lion—I…………… 6
Joy—I……………. 5
Bed—I……………. 5
Heavy—I………….. 5
Tobacco—I………… 5
Baby—I…………… 5
Moon—will…………12
Scissors—beads…….15
Quiet—nerves………19
Green—I………….. 6
Salt—I…………… 5
Street—Peter………17
King—I…………… 6
Cheese—I…………. 5
Blossom—I………… 5
Afraid—no…………
CASE No. 4427.—A.R. Maniacal attack. Unusual number of doubtful reactions; 46 individual reactions of which 9 are classed as normal; 29 are unclassified, some seemingly incoherent.
Table—Chicago……..19
Dark—Montreal……..18
Music—Mississippi….18
Sickness—flowers…..19
Man—ocean…………19
Deep—medicines…….19
Soft—accidental……19
Eating—vaccination…19
Mountain—evergreens..17
House—caves……….19
Black—station……..19
Mutton—operations….19
Comfort—money……..
Hand—bandages……..10
Short—soldiers…….19
Fruit—dictionary…..19
Butterfly—storehouse.19
Smooth—vegetables….18
Command—Bible……..
Chair—histories……14
Sweet—farewells……19
Whistle—ammunition…19
Woman—foreign……..19
Cold—armory……….19
Slow—St. Petersburg..19
Wish—wealth……….
River—revenue……..10
White—purity………
Beautiful—colonial…19
Window—shutters……
Rough—planes……… 2
Citizen—naturalization
Foot—carriage……..19
Spider—remedies……19
Needle—canoe………19
Red—refreshments…..10
Sleep—restfulness…. 2
Anger—usefulness….. 9
Carpet—coach………19
Girl—finery……….19
High—fortifications..19
Working—materials….19
Sour—pickles………
Earth—gravitation…. 2
Trouble—graphophone..19
Soldier—guns………
Cabbage—children…..19
Hard—inheritance…..19
Eagle—feathers…….
Stomach—envelope…..19
Stem—roots………..
Lamp—oil………….
Dream—fairies……..17
Yellow—lemons…….. 2
Bread—jams………..17
Justice—repentance…17
Boy—clothes……….
Light—lanterns…….17
Health—joys………. 2
Bible—heaven………
Memory—head……….
Sheep—pastures…….
Bath—cleanliness…..
Cottage—home………
Swift—rapids……… 2
Blue—truth………..
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—saintliness…17
Ocean—ships……….
Head—intelligence….
Stove—woods………. 2
Long—trains………. 2
Religion—godliness… 2
Whiskey—drunkenness..
Child—joyfulness….. 2
Bitter—olives……..
Hammer—nuts……….
Thirsty—water……..
City—shopping……..
Square—monuments….. 2
Butter—crackers……17
Doctor—medicines…..
Loud—music………..
Thief—detectives….. 2
Lion—cages……….. 2
Joy—home………….
Bed—restfulness…… 2
Heavy—expressage…..17
Tobacco—cigars…….
Baby—carriage……..
Moon—light………..
Scissors—goods…….
Quiet—peacefulness…
Green—vegetables…..
Salt—water………..
Street—stones……..
King—crown………..
Cheese—knife………
Blossom—plants……. 2
Afraid—enemies…….17
CASE No. 6457.—C.G. Depressive attack. 36 individual reactions of which 9 are classed as normal and 20 as unclassified; among the latter several seem to be incoherent
Table—fish………..17
Dark—boat…………
Music—water……….18
Sickness—tank……..18
Man—horse…………
Deep—ocean………..
Soft—egg………….
Eating—beans………17
Mountain—grass…….
House—roof………..
Black—bath………..10
Mutton—butcher…….
Comfort—cigar……..17
Hand—shoes………..19
Short—baseball…….19
Fruit—orange………
Butterfly—elephant…19
Smooth—glass………
Command—general……
Chair—kitchen……..17
Sweet—cake………..17
Whistle—bird………
Woman—door………..19
Cold—ice………….
Slow—cat………….19
Wish—bed………….19
River—trout……….17
White—paint……….
Beautiful—monkey…..19
Window—bars……….
Rough—rowdy……….
Citizen—policeman….
Foot—fine………… 9
Spider—insect……..
Needle—sewing……..
Red—man………….. 9
Sleep—pond………..19
Anger—hatred………
Carpet—tacks………
Girl—floor………..13
High—mountain……..
Working—dog……….19
Sour—milk…………
Earth—mud…………
Trouble—radiator…..19
Soldier—cannon…….
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—wood…………
Eagle—quick……….19
Stomach—flesh……..
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—thinking……. 1
Yellow—mice……….19
Bread—baker……….
Justice—equality…..
Boy—young…………
Light—green……….17
Health—art………..19
Bible—preacher…….
Memory—return……..19
Sheep—fold………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—fleeting……. 2
Blue—dark…………
Hungry—thirst……..
Priest—elephant……15
Ocean—briny……….19
Head—hard…………
Stove—black……….
Long—grass………..
Religion—thinking…. 1
Whiskey—Kentucky…..
Child—carriage…….
Bitter—pickles…….
Hammer—nails………
Thirsty—wanting……
City—New York……..
Square—base……….17
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—carriage……
Loud—hall…………19
Thief—prison………
Lion—cage…………
Joy—automobile…….
Bed—iron………….
Heavy—lead………..
Tobacco—weed………
Baby—rocker……….
Moon—sky………….
Scissors—laundry…..19
Quiet—peaceful…….
Green—engine………19
Salt—grocer……….19
Street—Lincoln…….17
King—Spain………..
Cheese—baker………19
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—going……… 2
INVOLUTIONAL MELANCHOLIA; ALCOHOLIC DEMENTIA; SENILE DEMENTIA.
There are so few cases of these psychoses in our series that we can say but little concerning their associational disorders.
In Table V. we show all the types of reactions given by each subject.
We have not observed in our cases of involutional melancholia any undue tendency to give individual reactions. The records are either perfectly normal or slightly abnormal in that they show an increase of the non-specific (common) reactions. In this respect they resemble strongly the records obtained from some cases of manic-depressive insanity. This similarity is of interest in connection with other evidence, recently brought to light, [1] showing that involutional melancholia is closely related to manic-depressive insanity, if not identical with it.
[Footnote 1: G. L. Dreyfus. Die Melancholic ein Zustandsbild des manisch-depressiven Irreseins. 1907.]
TABLE V.
+———————————-+————————-+—————-+
| Involutional | Alcoholic | Senile |
| Melancholia | Dementia | Dementia |
+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 0| | | | | |
| 6| 4| 5| 6| 6| 6| 4| 5| 5| 6| 5| 6| 1| 6| 6| 5| 6| 5|
Case No.—| 2| 8| 7| 4| 3| 0| 8| 6| 2| 3| 9| 4| 0| 4| 4| 8| 5| 7|
TYPES OF REACTION | 0| 1| 1| 8| 6| 7| 1| 3| 9| 6| 6| 6| 0| 1| 7| 3| 3| 8|
| 7| 8| 9| 0| 8| 7| 2| 5| 8| 9| 7| 9| 9| 8| 1| 7| 3| 8|
+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+
Common reactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Specific reactions…………….|86|92|79|92|83|86|83|78|90|79|75|77|80|46|72|71|82|77|
Non-specific reactions…………|13| 2|12| 1| 9| 4| 6| 6| 3|11|10| 8| 3| 8|16| 8|..| 3|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Doubtful reactions…………….| 1| 2| 4| 1| 1| 2| 2| 3| 1| 2| 5| 3| 3| 7|..| 6|..|..|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Individual reactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Normal reactions………………|..| 2| 1| 4|..| 3| 1| 6| 5| 4| 3| 4| 3|14| 2| 4| 8| 3|
Derivatives of stimulus words…..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|
Non-specific Reactions…………|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 2|..|..|
Sound reactions (words)………..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Sound reactions (neologisms)……|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Word complements………………|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Particles of speech……………|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|..|..|..|..| 5| 1| 2|..| 1|
Association to preceding stimulus.|..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..| 2|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|
Association to preceding reaction.|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 3|
Repetition of preceding stimulus..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|
Repetition of previous stimulus…|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|
Repetition of preceding reaction..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..| 1|..|..|..| 2|
Repetition of previous reaction…|..|..|..|..| 1|..| 1|..| 1|..|..|..| 2| 1| 2| 3| 1| 2|
Reaction repeated five times……|..|..|..|..| 4|..|..|..|..| 2| 2| 4|..| 4|..|..|..| 3|
Neologisms without sound relation.|..|..|..|..|..| 1| 1|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|
Unclassified………………….|..| 2| 4|..| 1| 3| 1| 6|..| 2| 3| 4| 8|14| 6| 2| 8| 5|
+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+—+
Total individual reactions 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 6 8 10 12 14 39 12 15 18 20
CASE No. 4818.—S.M. Normal record.
Table—wood………….
Dark—black………….
Music—noise…………
Sickness—illness…….
Man—being…………..
Deep—depth………….
Soft—mushy………….
Eating—devouring…….
Mountain—hill……….
House—residence……..
Black—color…………
Mutton—meat…………
Comfort—luxury………
Hand—body…………..
Short—abrupt………..19
Fruit—oranges……….
Butterfly—insect…….
Smooth—even…………
Command—order……….
Chair—article………. 1
Sweet—taste…………
Whistle—noise……….
Woman—sex…………..
Cold—temperature…….
Slow—dull…………..
Wish—desire…………
River—water…………
White—color…………
Beautiful—sky……….
Window—glass………..
Rough—uneven………..
Citizen—representative.17
Foot—end……………19
Spider—insect……….
Needle—instrument……
Red—color…………..
Sleep—repose………..
Anger—temper………..
Carpet—rug………….
Girl—sex……………
High—elevation………
Working—employment…..
Sour—bitter…………
Earth—clay………….
Trouble—anxiety……..
Soldier—military…….
Cabbage—vegetable……
Hard—substance………
Eagle—bird………….
Stomach—body………..
Stem—flower…………
Lamp—light………….
Dream—imagination……
Yellow—color………..
Bread—wheat…………
Justice—credit………17
Boy—child…………..
Light—sun…………..
Health—condition…….
Bible—book………….
Memory—remembrance…..
Sheep—lamb………….
Bath—bathing………..
Cottage—house……….
Swift—rapid…………
Blue—color………….
Hungry—desire……….
Priest—minister……..
Ocean—water…………
Head—body…………..
Stove—fire………….
Long—distance……….
Religion—creed………
Whiskey—liquor………
Child—infant………..
Bitter—sour…………
Hammer—tool…………
Thirsty—dry…………
City—town…………..
Square—block………..
Butter—food…………
Doctor—physician…….
Loud—noisy………….
Thief—burglar……….
Lion—animal…………
Joy—happiness………. 1
Bed—cot…………….
Heavy—weight………..
Tobacco—weed………..
Baby—infant…………
Moon—light………….
Scissors—instrument….
Quiet—noiseless……..
Green—color…………
Salt—seasoning………
Street—block………..
King—ruler………….
Cheese—food…………
Blossom—flower………
Afraid—fear…………
CASE No. 6207.—T.S. No individual reactions; 13 non-specific reactions.
Table—furniture……
Dark—color………..
Music—fiddle………
Sickness—bed………
Man—person……….. 1
Deep—water………..
Soft—pliable………
Eating—cake……….
Mountain—high……..
House—bricks………
Black—color……….
Mutton—meat……….
Comfort—easy………
Hand—limb…………
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—vegetable……
Butterfly—insect…..
Smooth—level………
Command—control……
Chair—sit…………
Sweet—nice……….. 1
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—person……… 1
Cold—atmosphere……
Slow—easy…………
Wish—something…….
River—stream………
White—color……….
Beautiful—nice……. 1
Window—glass………
Rough—unpleasant….. 1
Citizen—person……. 1
Foot—limb…………
Spider—insect……..
Needle—instrument….
Red—color…………
Sleep—bed…………
Anger—irritable……
Carpet—rug………..
Girl—person………. 1
High—elevation…….
Working—try………. 2
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—sand………..
Trouble—anxiety……
Soldier—person……. 1
Cabbage—plant……..
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—person……. 1
Stem—apple………..
Lamp—light………..
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—color………
Bread—flour……….
Justice—Equal……..
Boy—child…………
Light—gas…………
Health—doctor……..
Bible—Scripture……
Memory—thought……. 1
Sheep—animal………
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—want……….
Priest—preach……..
Ocean—water……….
Head—person………. 1
Stove—heat………..
Long—length……….
Religion—belief……
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—person……… 1
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—tool……….
Thirsty—dry……….
City—place………..
Square—shape………
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—physician…..
Loud—hear…………
Thief—steal……….
Lion—animal……….
Joy—glad………….
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—plant……..
Baby—child………..
Moon—light………..
Scissors—tool……..
Quiet—rest………..
Green—color……….
Salt—spice………..
Street—place………
King—ruler………..
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—hide……….
CASE No. 5719.—A.W.S. 5 individual reactions; 12 non-specific reactions.
Table—stand……….
Dark—color………..
Music—happy………. 1
Sickness—ill………
Man—human…………
Deep—thought……… 1
Soft—touch………..
Eating—appetite……
Mountain—ground……
House—shelter……..
Black—color……….
Mutton—lamb……….
Comfort—warm………
Hand—touch………..
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—taste……….
Butterfly—beauty….. 1
Smooth—level………
Command—obey………
Chair—rest………..
Sweet—good………..
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—female………
Cold—chilled……… 2
Slow—move…………
Wish—think……….. 1
River—water……….
White—color……….
Beautiful—nice……. 1
Window—glass………
Rough—push………..
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—body…………
Spider—insect……..
Needle—pointed…….
Red—blood…………
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—riled……….
Carpet—covering……
Girl—child………..
High—air………….
Working—ambitious….
Sour—taste………..
Earth—ground………
Trouble—thought…… 1
Soldier—command……
Cabbage—vegetable….
Hard—blow…………17
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—body………
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—light………..
Dream—thought…….. 1
Yellow—purple……..
Bread—food………..
Justice—law……….
Boy—male………….
Light—lamp………..
Health—soul……….19
Bible—Scriptures…..
Memory—thought……. 1
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—cleanness…….
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—appetite……
Priest—scholar……. 2
Ocean—water……….
Head—brains……….
Stove—heat………..
Long—measurement….. 2
Religion—good…….. 1
Whiskey—alcohol……
Child—baby………..
Bitter—taste………
Hammer—knock………
Thirsty—water……..
City—New York……..
Square—box………..
Butter—milk……….
Doctor—help……….
Loud—noise………..
Thief—burglar……..
Lion—animal……….
Joy—well………….19
Bed—rest………….
Heavy—load………..
Tobacco—nicotine…..
Baby—joy………….
Moon—light………..
Scissors—cutting…..
Quiet—rest………..
Green—color……….
Salt—sand…………19
Street—crossing…… 2
King—ruler………..
Cheese—luxury……..19
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fright……..
CASE No. 5635. J.D. 13 individual reactions, of which 6 are classed as normal, 1 particle, 6 unclassified, mostly obviously normal.
Table—eating………
Dark—night………..
Music—amusement……
Sickness—distress….
Man—working……….
Deep—sorrow……….
Soft—easy…………
Eating—supper……..17
Mountain—pleasure…. 1
House—home………..
Black—grief……….19
Mutton—butchers…… 2
Comfort—home………
Hand—shake………..
Short—baseball…….19
Fruit—eating………
Butterfly—field……
Smooth—soft……….
Command—oblige…….17
Chair—seat………..
Sweet—flowers……..
Whistle—fire………
Woman—home………..
Cold—winter……….
Slow—easy…………
Wish—home…………
River—dock………..17
Whiter—day………..
Beautiful—handsome…
Window—glass………
Rough—wagon……….19
Citizen—voter……..
Foot—walking………
Spider—web………..
Needle—sticking……19
Red—danger………..
Sleep—rest………..
Anger—right……….19
Carpet—house………
Girl—out………….12
High—air………….
Working—labor……..
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—ground………
Trouble—worry……..
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—farmer……. 2
Hard—bath…………19
Eagle—birds……….
Stomach—body………
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—thinking……. 1
Yellow—color………
Bread—eating………
Justice—peace……..
Boy—soldier……….17
Light—day…………
Health—happy……… 1
Bible—books……….
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—washing………
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—eating……..
Priest—church……..
Ocean—bathing……..
Head—mind…………
Stove—fire………..
Long—hours………..
Religion—church……
Whiskey—drinking…..
Child—home………..
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—working…….
Thirsty—dry……….
City—New York……..
Square—block………
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—hospital……
Loud—speaking…….. 2
Thief—sentence…….17
Lion—animal……….
Joy—pleasure……… 1
Bed—sleeping………
Heavy—weight………
Tobacco—smoking……
Baby—home…………
Moon—night………..
Scissors—cutting…..
Quiet—alone……….
Green—color……….
Salt—eating……….
Street—walking…….
King—William………17
Cheese—milk……….
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—fright……..
Our cases of alcoholic dementia are clinically without evidences of disturbance of flow of thought. The dementia consists mainly in impairment or loss of the power of retention, with resulting amnesia for recent occurrences, and temporal disorientation. The records are either normal or show but slight departures from normal.
CASE No. 6369.—J.S. Slight deterioration.
Table—eat…………
Dark—night………..
Music—enjoyment……
Sickness—sadness…..
Man—work…………. 1
Deep—hole…………
Soft—feathers……..
Eating—appetite……
Mountain—hill……..
House—live………..
Black—dark………..
Mutton—eat………..
Comfort—pleasant….. 1
Hand—work………… 1
Short—story……….
Fruit—eat…………
Butterfly—annoyance.. 6
Smooth—iron……….
Command—officer……
Chair—sit…………
Sweet—nice……….. 1
Whistle—pleasure….. 1
Woman—pleasure……. 1
Cold—annoyance……. 6
Slow—car………….
Wish—like…………
River—water……….
White—sack………..17
Beautiful—house……17
Window—look……….
Rough—unpleasant….. 1
Citizen—man………. 1
Foot—walk…………
Spider—annoyance…..
Needle—sticking……19
Red—color…………
Sleep—happy………. 1
Anger—annoyance……
Carpet—walk……….
Girl—school……….
High—skies………..
Working—labor……..
Sour—lemon………..
Earth—walk………..
Trouble—annoyance….
Soldier—army………
Cabbage—eat……….
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—fly…………
Stomach—victuals…..17
Stem—pipe…………
Lamp—burn…………
Dream—sleep……….
Yellow—orange……..
Bread—eat…………
Justice—person……. 1
Boy—school………..
Light—see…………
Health—comfort…….
Bible—read………..
Memory—recollection..
Sheep—eat…………
Bath—cleanness…….
Cottage—live………
Swift—go………….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—confession….
Ocean—vessels…….. 2
Head—knowledge…….
Stove—burn………..
Long—time…………
Religion—faith…….
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—infant………
Bitter—unkind……..17
Hammer—nail……….
Thirsty—dry……….
City—inhabitants…..
Square—brick………
Butter—eat………..
Doctor—cure……….
Loud—noise………..
Thief—steal……….
Lion—animal……….
Joy—happiness…….. 1
Bed—lay…………..
Heavy—feeling…….. 2
Tobacco—chew………
Baby—nurse………..
Moon—bright……….
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—ease………..
Green—flower………
Salt—taste………..
Street—walking…….
King—control………19
Cheese—eat………..
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—nervousness…
CASE No. 6418.—J.R. Marked deterioration.
Table—mahogany…….
Dark—dawn…………17
Music—harp………..17
Sickness—none…….. 6
Man—white…………19
Deep—unfathomable…. 2
Soft—silken………. 2
Eating—good………. 1
Mountain—high……..
House—place……….
Black—color……….
Mutton—cooked……..17
Comfort—rest………
Hand—clasp………..19
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—apples………
Butterfly—buttercups. 2
Smooth—iron……….
Command—home………19
Chair—ebony……….19
Sweet—potatoes…….17
Whistle—song………
Woman—pretty……… 1
Cold—depressed…….19
Slow—process………17
Wish—home…………
River—Mississippi….
White—wings……….17
Beautiful—palace…..19
Window—clear………
Rough—no………….12
Citizen—patriot……
Foot—heath………..19
Spider—none………. 5
Needle—darning…….
Red—apples………..
Sleep—plenty………
Anger—mistake……..17
Carpet—floor………
Girl—pretty………. 1
High—ordinary……..19
Working—eight……..12
Sour—nonsense……..19
Earth—fruits……… 2
Trouble—little…….
Soldier—patriot……
Cabbage—garden…….
Hard—wood…………
Eagle—high………..
Stomach—leave……..19
Stem—stalk………..
Lamp—kerosene……..
Dream—happy………. 1
Yellow—aster………17
Bread—white……….
Justice—right……..
Boy—white…………15
Light—white……….
Health—good………. 1
Bible—puzzled……..19
Memory—bad……….. 1
Sheep—cheviot……..17
Bath—marble……….17
Cottage—story……..17
Swift—fast………..
Blue—waist………..17
Hungry—not……….. 2
Priest—confessor…..
Ocean—Pacific……..17
Head—oval…………19
Stove—polish………
Long—forever………12
Religion—Protestant..
Whiskey—none………
Child—none……….. 5
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—no…………12
Thirsty—no……….. 5
City—New York……..
Square—compass…….
Butter—sweet………
Doctor—cure……….
Loud—quietly……… 2
Thief—jail………..
Lion—brave,……….
Joy—peacefulness….. 2
Bed—good…………. 1
Heavy—no………….
Tobacco—yes……….12
Baby—none………… 6
Moon—shines……….
Scissors—uncut……. 2
Quiet—peaceful…….
Green—grass……….
Salt—water………..
Street—Queen………17
King—unknown………19
Cheese—Stilton…….17
Blossom—cherry…….
Afraid—not………..
We reproduce in full the record obtained from one of our cases of senile dementia.
CASE No. 5788.—E.S.
Table—cat………… 6
Dark—night………..
Music—cat………… 2
Sickness—cat……… 6
Man—mouse…………18
Deep—well…………
Soft—sack…………19
Eating—well……….
Mountain—hill……..
House—castle………
Black—dog…………
Mutton—sheep………
Comfort—lamb………13
Hand—chicken………18
Short—light……….19
Fruit—apple……….
Butterfly—fly……..
Smooth—iron……….
Command—obey………
Chair—stool……….
Sweet—sugar……….
Whistle—lump………18
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—shiver……….
Slow—cold………… 7
Wish—push…………19
River—pond………..
White—cat…………
Beautiful—cat…….. 6
Window—glass………
Rough—fight……….19
Citizen—tough……..
Foot—shoe…………
Spider—clock………19
Needle—pin………..
Red—white…………
Sleep—eyes………..
Anger—mad…………
Carpet—cloth………
Girl—boy………….
High—low………….
Working—sewing…….
Sour—sweet………..
Earth—clay………..
Trouble—child……..13
Soldier—man………. 1
Cabbage—spinach……
Hard—cat…………. 6
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—belly……..
Stem—pike…………17
Lamp—globe………..
Dream—eyes………..
Yellow—flower……..
Bread—flour……….
Justice—fight……..
Boy—cat………….. 6
Light—lamp………..
Health—cough………17
Bible—book………..
Memory—mind……….
Sheep—lamb………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—house……..
Swift—quick……….
Blue—color………..
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—clergyman…..
Ocean—river……….
Head—life…………
Stove—fire………..
Long—short………..
Religion—Catholic….
Whiskey—drink……..
Child—boy…………
Bitter—sweet………
Hammer—noise………
Thirsty—drink……..
City—New York……..
Square—Marion……..17
Butter—cow………..
Doctor—W………….17
Loud—noise………..
Thief—steals………
Lion—heart………..
Joy—happy………… 1
Bed—mattress………
Heavy—lead………..
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—boy………….
Moon—shine………..
Scissors—cut………
Quiet—noisy……….
Green—color……….
Salt—bitter……….
Street—place………
King—rule…………
Cheese—taste………
Blossom—flower…….
Afraid—trouble…….
§8. PATHOLOGICAL REACTIONS FROM NORMAL SUBJECTS.
Mental disorders do not always so manifest themselves as to incapacitate the subject for his work or to necessitate his sequestration in a hospital for the insane. It is, therefore, not surprising that in applying the association test to over a thousand subjects selected at random we have obtained a small number of test records which show various types of abnormal reactions. Among the subjects who furnished such records some are described as eccentric, taciturn, or dull, while others are apparently normal but come of neuropathic stock. A few of them are persons wholly unknown to us.
We reproduce in full from the normal series, containing abnormal reactions.
CONSECUTIVE No. 746.—State hospital attendant Efficient in his work but is generally regarded to have married very foolishly. Sound reactions; numerous unclassified reactions.
Table—brought……..19
Dark—some…………19
Music—leaf………..19
Sickness—water…….19
Man—book………….19
Deep—desk…………19
Soft—ground……….
Eating—bark……….19
Mountain—tree……..
House—paper……….19
Black—light……….
Mutton—horse………13
Comfort—hat……….19
Hand—sick…………13
Short—swallow……..19
Fruit—mass………..19
Butterfly—leaf…….15
Smooth—wing……….13
Command—man………. 1
Chair—left………..19
Sweet—sick……….. 2
Whistle—whirl……..10
Woman—where……….12
Cold—coal…………
Slow—some…………15
Wish—whirl………..15
River—rice………..19
White—waist……….
Beautiful—brought….15
Window—women………10
Rough—row…………19
Citizen—sir……….10
Foot—fall…………19
Spider—spice………10
Needle—knee……….10
Red—roam………….19
Sleep—sorrow………19
Anger—August………19
Carpet—covered……. 2
Girl—great……….. 9
High—his………….12
Working—map……….19
Sour—slur…………10
Earth—eat…………19
Trouble—through……12
Soldier—solder…….10
Cabbage—cart………19
Hard—him………….12
Eagle—earth……….13
Stomach—stall……..10
Stem—stair………..10
Lamp—left…………19
Dream—dread……….
Yellow—waist………15
Bread—book………..15
Justice—gem……….19
Boy—bird………….19
Light—left………..10
Health—heart………17
Bible—base………..19
Memory—moth……….19
Sheep—shrill………19
Bath—bend…………19
Cottage—cart………10
Swift—swell……….10
Blue—beard………..11
Hungry—heart………15
Priest—path……….19
Ocean—oar…………10
Head—him………….12
Stove—still……….10
Long—left…………15
Religion—rest……..19
Whiskey—whirl……..15
Child—charge………19
Bitter—bought……..10
Hammer—hemp……….10
Thirsty—Thursday…..10
City—salt…………10
Square—squirrel……10
Butter—bread………
Doctor—daisy………19
Loud—lark…………19
Thief—twist……….19
Lion—lesson……….10
Joy—jar…………..19
Bed—beard…………10
Heavy—health………10
Tobacco—toboggan…..10
Baby—bird…………15
Moon—mill…………19
Scissors—setters…..10
Quiet—quart……….10
Green—great………. 9
Salt—sorrow……….10
Street—stem……….10
King—cart…………15
Cheese—chart………19
Blossom—bed……….19
Afraid—frill………10
CONSECUTIVE No. 220—Laundryman in State hospital. Nothing abnormal has ever been observed in his case. Numerous perseverations.
Table—house……….
Dark—range………..19
Music—eats………..
Sickness—dog………18
Man—barn………….19
Deep—hollow……….
Soft—apple………..
Eating—cranberry…..17
Mountain—water…….17
House—pig…………19
Black—rats………..18
Mutton—mice………. 2
Comfort—sheep……..13
Hand—lamb…………14
Short—birds……….19
Fruit—peach……….
Butterfly—pears……18
Smooth—grapes……..18
Command—nut……….18
Chair—bureau………
Sweet—broom……….19
Whistle—violin…….19
Woman—man………… 1
Cold—child………..10
Slow—infant……….14
Wish—night………..19
River—dark………..14
White—steamboat……17
Beautiful—tugboat….18
Window—yacht………18
Rough—ferry……….18
Citizen—water……..13
Foot—egg………….19
Spider—fly………..
Needle—thread……..
Red—spool…………18
Sleep—machine……..18
Anger—picture……..19
Carpet—bed………..17
Girl—bureau……….18
High—oilcloth……..18
Working—pen……….19
Sour—ink………….18
Earth—paper……….18
Trouble—chair……..19
Soldier—table……..14
Cabbage—beet………
Hard—cauliflower…..13
Eagle—potatoes…….18
Stomach—beans……..17
Stem—plum…………17
Lamp—wick…………
Dream—oil…………13
Yellow—stick………19
Bread—stone……….18
Justice—dirt………18
Boy—street………..
Light—match……….
Health—sickness……
Bible—book………..
Memory—leaf……….13
Sheep—wool………..
Bath—water………..
Cottage—people……. 1
Swift—fast………..
Blue—residence…….19
Hungry—beef……….17
Priest—clergyman…..
Ocean—rice………..19
Head—eyes…………
Stove—nose………..18
Long—mouth………..18
Religion—legs……..18
Whiskey—arms………18
Child—elbows………18
Bitter—day………..19
Hammer—nails………
Thirsty—saw……….13
City—plane………..18
Square—chisel……..18
Butter—file……….18
Doctor—duck……….10
Loud—goose………..18
Thief—robber………
Lion—tiger………..
Joy—bear………….13
Bed—leopard……….18
Heavy—tiger……….15
Tobacco—smoke……..
Baby—pipe…………13
Moon—star…………
Scissors—sharp…….
Quiet—noisy……….
Green—blue………..
Salt—yellow……….13
Street—green………14
King—purple……….14
Cheese—axe………..19
Blossom—handle…….19
Afraid—barn……….19
CONSECUTIVE No. 255.—State hospital attendant. Efficient, but unusually taciturn and seclusive. Sound reactions.
Table—linen……….
Dark—sunshine……..17
Music—song………..
Sickness—Saturday….19
Man—manager……….10
Deep—dark…………
Soft—sorrowful…….10
Eating—eighty……..10
Mountain—miner…….19
House—heart……….19
Black—blue………..
Mutton—mountain……10
Comfort—company……17
Hand—happy………..10
Short—slow………..17
Fruit—froth……….10
Butterfly—butter…..10
Smooth—smoke………10
Command—company……
Chair—chap………..10
Sweet—slow………..15
Whistle—whip………10
Woman—worried……..19
Cold—cow………….10
Slow—slap…………10
Wish—water………..
River—rubbed………19
White—wash………..
Beautiful—bounty…..10
Window—light………
Rough—roguish……..19
Citizen—sight-seeing.19
Foot—fool…………10
Spider—span……….10
Needle—work………. 1
Red—robe………….19
Sleep—soap………..10
Anger—angel……….19
Carpet—carriage……19
Girl—guide………..19
High—heart………..10
Working—worthy…….10
Sour—satchel………19
Earth—early……….10
Trouble—trout……..19
Soldier—socket…….19
Cabbage—currant……17
Hard—harmful………10
Eagle—early……….15
Stomach—stable…….19
Stem—stand………..10
Lamp—light………..
Dream—drunk……….10
Yellow—lustre……..19
Bread—brand……….10
Justice—judgment…..
Boy—butter………..15
Light—love………..19
Health—help……….10
Bible—book………..
Memory—mental……..
Sheep—shop………..10
Bath—bandage………10
Cottage—cot……….10
Swift—swan………..10
Blue—black………..10
Hungry—height……..19
Priest—house………
Ocean—apple……….19
Head—heart………..
Stove—strap……….10
Long—love…………15
Religion—belief……
Whiskey—whisk broom..10
Child—chap………..10
Bitter—butter……..10
Hammer—habit………19
Thirsty—thirty…….10
City—soap…………15
Square—squirrel……10
Butter—bank……….19
Doctor—dentist…….
Loud—laugh………..
Thief—thump……….19
Lion—lump…………19
Joy—jump………….19
Bed—bank………….15
Heavy—happy……….10
Tobacco—tub……….19
Baby—bundle……….
Moon—mantle……….10
Scissors—Saturday….15
Quiet—quarter……..10
Green—drought……..19
Salt—Saturday……..10
Street—straight……
King—cattle……….19
Cheese—captain…….19
Blossom—bandage……15
Afraid—flattered…..10
CONSECUTIVE No. 442.—Nothing abnormal has ever been suspected in the case of this subject; mother eccentric; sister insane. Sound reactions.
Table—stable………
Dark—dreary……….
Music—joy…………
Sickness—silliness…10
Man—manner………..10
Deep—dreary……….15
Soft—sooth………..19
Eating—evening…….10
Mountain—morning…..18
House—help………..19
Black—dark………..
Mutton—mitten……..10
Comfort—come………10
Hand—handsome……..10
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—first……….10
Butterfly—butter…..10
Smooth—sooth………10
Command—come………
Chair—air…………10
Sweet—good……….. 1
Whistle—music……..
Woman—wonder………19
Cold—freezing……..
Slow—snow…………10
Wish—wind…………10
River—riffle……… 3
White—wait………..10
Beautiful—handsome…
Window—light………
Rough—harsh……….
Citizen—city………
Foot—walk…………
Spider—creep………
Needle—needless……10
Red—color…………
Sleep—sleet……….10
Anger—rough……….
Carpet—carpenter…..10
Girl—going………..19
High—air………….
Working—toiling……
Sour—shower……….10
Earth—eating………19
Trouble—loneliness…17
Soldier—solid……..10
Cabbage—carrying…..19
Hard—hardly………. 8
Eagle—eating………10
Stomach—starch…….10
Stem—step………… 2
Lamp—glass………..
Dream—dreary………
Yellow—yonder……..12
Bread—bed…………10
Justice—juice……..10
Boy—ball………….
Light—likeness…….10
Health—help……….10
Bible—book………..
Memory—memorial…… 2
Sheep—sleep……….
Bath—battle……….10
Cottage—cotton…….10
Swift—fast………..
Blue—blind………..10
Hungry—hurry………10
Priest—prince……..10
Ocean—over………..12
Head—large……….. 1
Stove—stone……….10
Long—heavy………..19
Religion—goodness…. 1
Whiskey—strong…….
Child—small………. 1
Bitter—butter……..10
Hammer—hard……….
Thirsty—thrifty……10
City—seeing……….10
Square—squirrel……10
Butter—bitter……..10
Doctor—dark……….10
Loud—noisy………..
Thief—stealing…….
Lion—eating……….
Joy—joyous……….. 8
Bed—sleep…………
Heavy—weightful…… 4
Tobacco—cocoa……..10
Baby—boys………… 2
Moon—moo…………. 3
Scissors—successors..10
Quiet—easy………..
Green—grass……….
Salt—simmer……….19
Street—steep………10
King—kingdom………
Cheese—squeeze…….10
Blossom—blooming…..
Afraid—Africa……..10
CONSECUTIVE No. 3l4.—School teacher. Efficient; described as very silent. Unclassified reactions, due mostly to distraction.
Table—cat…………19
Dark—no…………..12
Music—will………..19
Sickness—chair…….19
Man—table………… 6
Deep—floor………..14
Soft—paper……….. 6
Eating—wood……….19
Mountain—chair…….15
House—Window………
Black—wall………..
Mutton—sky………..19
Comfort—air……….18
Hand—table………..
Short—paper………. 6
Fruit—sweeping…….19
Butterfly—room…….18
Smooth—working……. 2
Command—stone……..19
Chair—machine……..19
Sweet—radiator…….19
Whistle—clock……..19
Woman—cane………..19
Cold—flower……….19
Slow—cord…………19
Wish—marriage…….. 2
River—chimney……..19
White—wheel……….19
Beautiful—cane…….15
Window—pot………..19
Rough—grass……….19
Citizen—paper……..
Foot—closet……….19
Spider—awning……..19
Needle—good………. 9
Red—bad………….. 9
Sleep—hinge……….19
Anger—will………..15
Carpet—paper……… 6
Girl—chair………..15
High—table……….. 6
Working—cane………15
Sour—floor………..15
Earth—ceiling……..18
Trouble—chain……..19
Soldier—desk………19
Cabbage—paper……..
Hard—table………..
Eagle—flower………15
Stomach—match……..19
Stem—match………..
Lamp—table………..
Dream—chair……….14
Yellow—cane……….18
Bread—flour……….
Justice—peace……..
Boy—window………..15
Light—wall………..18
Health—floor………18
Bible—house……….18
Memory—paper……… 6
Sheep—dress……….19
Bath—clothes………18
Cottage—earth……..19
Swift—sky…………18
Blue—trees………..19
Hungry—leaves……..18
Priest—bark……….18
Ocean—boat………..
Head—hat………….
Stove—ashes……….17
Long—short………..
Religion—peace…….
Whiskey—bottle…….
Child—dress……….
Bitter—sour……….
Hammer—teeth………19
Thirsty—dry……….
City—good………… 1
Square—wood……….
Butter—best……….10
Doctor—shoes………19
Loud—music………..
Thief—notes………. 2
Lion—strings………19
Joy—happy………… 1
Bed—wish………….13
Heavy—lead………..
Tobacco—plant……..
Baby—good………… 1
Moon—paper……….. 6
Scissors—straw…….19
Quiet—hoop………..19
Green—rope………..19
Salt—dish…………
Street—dirt……….
King—bucket……….19
Cheese—plate………
Blossom—plant……..
Afraid—sweeping……15
CONSECUTIVE No. 216.—State hospital attendant. Incompetent, dull.
Numerous non-specific reactions.
Table—rolling……..19
Dark—swim…………19
Music—playing……..
Sickness—riding……19
Man—walk………….
Deep—singing………19
Soft—light………..
Eating—sleep………
Mountain—low………
House—small………. 1
Black—dark………..
Mutton—lean……….19
Comfort—good……… 1
Hand—small……….. 1
Short—small………. 1
Fruit—taste……….
Butterfly—beautiful.. 1
Smooth—long………. 6
Command—immediate…. 2
Chair—small………. 6
Sweet—clear……….19
Whistle—long………
Woman—small………. 1
Cold—long………… 6
Slow—write……….. 2
Wish—quick………..10
River—long………..
White—clean……….
Beautiful—nice……. 1
Window—big………..19
Rough—bad………… 1
Citizen—short……..19
Foot—small……….. 1
Spider—small……… 1
Needle—small……… 1
Red—dark………….
Sleep—easy………..
Anger—bad………… 1
Carpet—small……… 1
Girl—short………..15
High—long…………
Working—good……… 1
Sour—bad…………. 1
Earth—large………. 1
Trouble—bad………. 1
Soldier—good……… 1
Cabbage—small…….. 6
Hard—apples……….
Eagle—small………. 6
Stomach—good……… 1
Stem—short………..
Lamp—bright……….
Dream—good……….. 1
Yellow—light………
Bread—good……….. 1
Justice—good……… 1
Boy—small………… 1
Light—clear……….
Health—good………. 1
Bible—true………..
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—many………..
Bath—good………… 1
Cottage—large…….. 1
Swift—fast………..
Blue—dark…………
Hungry—long………. 6
Priest—true……….19
Ocean—wide………..
Head—large……….. 1
Stove—black……….
Long—wide…………
Religion—good…….. 1
Whiskey—strong…….
Child—small………. 1
Bitter—bad……….. 1
Hammer—small……… 1
Thirsty—bad………. 1
City—big………….
Square—long……….
Butter—good………. 1
Doctor—good………. 1
Loud—hearty……….19
Thief—bad………… 1
Lion—bad…………. 5
Joy—happy………… 1
Bed—easy………….
Heavy—stone……….
Tobacco—strong…….
Baby—small……….. 1
Moon—large……….. 1
Scissors—sharp…….
Quiet—baby………..
Green—dark………..
Salt—strong……….10
Street—wide……….
King—high…………
Cheese—good………. 1
Blossom—apples…….
Afraid—he…………12
CONSECUTIVE No. 318.—School boy. Non-specific reactions.
Table—board……….
Dark—night………..
Music—sound……….
Sickness—pleasantness 9
Man—people……….. 1
Deep—river………..
Soft—cat…………. 2
Eating—pleasantness.. 1
Mountain—high……..
House—home………..
Black—dark………..
Mutton—good………. 1
Comfort—pleasure….. 1
Hand—foot…………
Short—little………
Fruit—good……….. 1
Butterfly—pretty….. 1
Smooth—soft……….
Command—go………..
Chair—sit…………
Sweet—good……….. 1
Whistle—noise……..
Woman—pretty……… 1
Cold—bad…………. 1
Slow—quick………..
Wish—good………… 1
River—deep………..
White—snow………..
Beautiful—pretty….. 1
Window—look……….
Rough—even………..
Citizen—good……… 1
Foot—hand…………
Spider—bite……….
Needle—sharp………
Red—crimson……….
Sleep—wake………..
Anger—mad…………
Carpet—floor………
Girl—good………… 1
High—tall…………
Working—sleep……..
Sour—bad…………. 1
Earth—ground………
Trouble—bad………. 1
Soldier—good……… 1
Cabbage—bad………. 6
Hard—soft…………
Eagle—bird………..
Stomach—ache………
Stem—slender………
Lamp—light………..
Dream—good……….. 1
Yellow—pretty…….. 1
Bread—good……….. 1
Justice—good……… 1
Boy—fun…………..
Light—see…………
Health—happiness….. 1
Bible—good……….. 1
Memory—good………. 1
Sheep—pretty……… 1
Bath—good………… 1
Cottage—pretty……. 1
Swift—quick……….
Blue—yellow……….
Hungry—eat………..
Priest—good……….
Ocean—big…………
Head—little……….15
Stove—hot…………
Long—distance……..
Religion—good…….. 1
Whiskey—bad………. 1
Child—cute………..
Bitter—good………. 1
Hammer—hard……….
Thirsty—hard……… 5
City—good………… 6
Square—round………
Butter—soft……….
Doctor—good………. 1
Loud—noisy………..
Thief—good……….. 6
Lion—big………….
Joy—good…………. 1
Bed—comfortable……
Heavy—light……….
Tobacco—bad………. 1
Baby—pretty………. 1
Moon—cute…………13
Scissors—sharp…….
Quiet—loud………..
Green—pretty……… 1
Salt—good………… 1
Street—narrow……..
King—good………… 6
Cheese—good………. 1
Blossom—pretty……. 1
Afraid—scared……..
CONSECUTIVE NO. 234.—School boy. Non-specific reactions.
Table—chair……….
Dark—cold…………
Music—sweet……….
Sickness—hard……..
Man—wise………….19
Deep—dark…………
Soft—sweet………..
Eating—drinking……
Mountain—snow……..
House—great………. 9
Black—horse……….
Mutton—good………. 1
Comfort—health…….
Hand—foot…………
Short—fat…………
Fruit—good……….. 1
Butterfly—pretty…..
Smooth—hard……….
Command—general……
Chair—soft………..
Sweet—good……….. 1
Whistle—loud………
Woman—large………. 1
Cold—dreary……….
Slow—hard…………
Wish—fairy………..
River—large………. 1
White—snow………..
Beautiful—woman…… 1
Window—large……… 1
Rough—hard………..
Citizen—good……… 1
Foot—small……….. 1
Spider—ugly……….
Needle—thick………
Red—cow…………..17
Sleep—dreams………
Anger—very………..12
Carpet—pretty…….. 1
Girl—small……….. 1
High—tree…………
Working—hard………
Sour—bitter……….
Earth—great………. 1
Trouble—hard………
Soldier—brave……..
Cabbage—good……… 1
Hard—stone………..
Eagle—great………. 9
Stomach—weak………
Stem—watch………..
Lamp—pretty………. 9
Dream—sweet……….
Yellow—buttercup…..
Bread—flour……….
Justice—man………. 1
Boy—gun…………..
Light—bright………
Health—care………. 2
Bible—holy………..
Memory—poor……….
Sheep—pretty……… 1
Bath—nice………… 1
Cottage—low……….
Swift—stream………
Blue—bluebird…….. 2
Hungry—tired………
Priest—church……..
Ocean—water……….
Head—large……….. 1
Stove—fire………..
Long—snake………..
Religion—Jesus…….
Whiskey—temperance…
Child—healthy……..19
Bitter—apple………
Hammer—nail……….
Thirsty—water……..
City—houses……….
Square—desk……….
Butter—yellow……..
Doctor—medicine……
Loud—harse………..
Thief—wicked………
Lion—fierce……….
Joy—happiness…….. 1
Bed—rest………….
Heavy—stone……….
Tobacco—dirty……..
Baby—small……….. 1
Moon—sky………….
Scissors—sharp…….
Quiet—lonely………
Green—sour………..
Salt—cows…………19
Street—people…….. 1
King—rich…………19
Cheese—yellow……..
Blossom—pretty……. 1
Afraid—fear……….
CONSECUTIVE No. 809.—Lawyer. 28 individual reactions, of which 14 are classed as normal; 10 are unclassified, most of which are also obviously normal.
Table—chair………….
Dark—candle………… 17
Music—girl…………..
Sickness—doctor………
Man—woman…………… 1
Deep—swimming………..19
Soft—hand……………
Eating—Reisenweber……17
Mountain—Kipling……..19
House—mortgage……….17
Black—spectrum……….19
Mutton—pig…………..
Comfort—chair………..
Hand—ring……………
Short—tall…………..
Fruit—banana…………
Butterfly—color………
Smooth—sphere………..17
Command—soldier………
Chair—teacher………..10
Sweet—apple………….
Whistle—policeman…….
Woman—hat……………
Cold—thermometer……..19
Slow—invalid…………
Wish—million…………
River—Hudson…………
White—Broadway……….19
Beautiful—girl……….
Window—school………..
Rough—ball…………..19
Citizen—justice………
Foot—shoe……………
Spider—insect………..
Needle—tailor………..17
Red—flannel………….
Sleep—potassium bromide.17
Anger—teacher………..
Carpet—tack………….
Girl—belt……………17
High—pole……………
Working—laborer………
Sour—apple…………..
Earth—Columbus……….
Trouble—lawyer……….19
Soldier—gun………….
Cabbage—plantation…… 2
Hard—brick…………..
Eagle—feathers……….
Stomach—juice………..17
Stem—leaf……………
Lamp—light…………..
Dream—pillow…………17
Yellow—lemon…………
Bread—crust………….
Justice—judge………..
Boy—pants……………
Light—gas……………
Health—medicine………
Bible—Jacob………….17
Memory—brain…………
Sheep—wool…………..
Bath—soap……………
Cottage—rod………….19
Swift—ball…………..
Blue—sky…………….
Hungry—I…………….
Priest—surplice………
Ocean—ship…………..
Head—hair……………
Stove—shovel…………17
Long—pole……………
Religion—Abraham……..19
Whiskey—Kentucky……..17
Child—baby…………..
Bitter—pepper………..
Hammer—nail………….
Thirsty—lemonade……..
City—Manhattan……….17
Square—Washington…….
Butter—salt………….
Doctor—nurse…………
Loud—hammer………….
Thief—jewelry………..
Lion—Androcles……….18
Joy—automobile……….
Bed—shoes……………15
Heavy—Flannigan………19
Tobacco—pipe…………
Baby—wife……………
Moon—man……………. 1
Scissors—cut…………
Quiet—demure…………
Green—eyes…………..
Salt—cellar………….
Street—Wall………….17
King—Edward………….
Cheese—Roquefort……..
Blossom—field………..
Afraid—burglar……….
§ 9. NUMBER OF DIFFERENT WORDS GIVEN AS REACTIONS.
It has been suggested by Fuhrmann [1] that the number of different words given in response to one hundred selected stimulus words may be used as "a fairly reliable measure of the intelligence and degree of education of a patient." The test according to Fuhrmann is applied twice in every case, the interval between the two sittings being at least four weeks. "In very intelligent and well educated persons every 100 stimulus words almost always evokes in the first test 95-100 different associations; in the less intelligent and in the feeble-minded the same associations are more frequently repeated. In the second test with the same stimulus words—which is really much more important than the first, since even persons or inferior intelligence may reach higher numbers in the first test—the difference in the wealth of the stock of representations becomes plainly evident: the man of intelligence will not need to draw on the associations which he gave in the first test, but will produce new ones; the feeble-minded subject will, on the contrary, repeat to a greater or lesser extent the associations of the first test." "In general the associational capacity of an adult person may be taken to be from 80 per cent to 90 per cent. Should the number sink below 70 per cent the suspicion of a pathological condition must then arise; and the higher the subject's degree of education the stronger is this suspicion. In the case of an associational capacity of 60 per cent or less no doubt of its pathological significance can remain any longer."
[Footnote 1: Diagnostik und Prognostik der Geisteskrankheiten, p. 93. Leipzig, 1903.]
Our results are not strictly comparable with Fuhrmann's, because we have obtained but one test record from each subject; it may be said, however, that the results of a single test in each case do not show any considerable differences, corresponding to education or age, in the variety of responses. Further, dementing psychoses, with the exception of epilepsy, show on the whole no diminution in the number of different reactions, although in individual cases this number falls considerably below the general average; and in such cases the diminution may be dependent upon stereotypy or perseveration, and not necessarily upon reduction in the stock of representations.
It would appear from our results that pathological mental states are apt to manifest themselves by a tendency to give reactions belonging to types of inferior values rather than by diminished variety of responses.
We show in Table VI. the numbers of different responses given by our groups of normal and insane subjects, expressed in figures giving for each group the median and the average.
TABLE VI.
Med. Av. 86 normal subjects, common school education; records containing not over 10 individual reactions…….. 85 84.5 66 normal subjects, collegiate education; records containing not over 10 individual reactions…….. 87 86.5 48 normal subjects, school children; records containing not over 10 individual reactions…….. 87 84.9 53 normal subjects; records containing not under 15 individual reactions…………………………. 90 88.7 108 cases of dementia præcox……………………….. 87 84.8 33 cases of paranoic conditions……………………. 89 86.5 24 cases of epilepsy……………………………… 781/2 75.8 32 cases of general paresis……………………….. 841/2 82.4 32 cases of manic-depressive insanity………………. 87 85.4