1894. Lepus texianus eremicus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:347, December 7, type from Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona.
1909. Lepus californicus eremicus, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:140, August 31.
Marginal records (Nelson, 1909:141, unless otherwise noted).—Arizona: Casa Grande; Fort Bowie; 2 mi. E Portal (Cahalane, 1939:435). Chihuahua: San Bernardino Ranch (possibly Nelson should have placed this in Sonora); Colonia Garcia. Sonora: Hermosillo; La Libertad (Burt, 1938:68); Agua Dulce (of Sonora, not of Arizona).
Lepus californicus festinus Nelson.
1904. Lepus festinus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:108, May 18, type from Irolo, Hidalgo.
1909. Lepus californicus festinus Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:151, August 31.
Marginal records (Nelson, 1909:152).—Hidalgo: Zimapan; Tulancingo; type locality; Queretaro: Tequisquiapam.
Lepus californicus magdalenae Nelson.
1907. Lepus californicus magdalenae Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:81, July 22, type from Magdalena Island, Baja California.
Marginal records.—Baja California (Nelson, 1909:155): type locality; Margarita Island.
Lepus californicus martirensis Stowell.
1895. Lepus martirensis Stowell, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 5(ser. 2):51, May 28, type specimen from the San Pedro Mártir Mountains of Baja California.
Marginal records.—Baja California (Nelson, 1909:154): La Huerta; Calamahue; San Bruno; Rancho San José; San Simon.
Lepus californicus melanotis Mearns.
1890. Lepus melanotis Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:297, February 21, type from Independence, Montgomery County, Kansas.
1909. Lepus californicus melanotis, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:146, August 31.
Marginal records.—South Dakota: Lyman Co. (Over and Churchill, 1945:48). Nebraska: Oakland (12399 KU). Kansas: near Doniphan Lake (Linsdale, 1928:146). Missouri: Saline Co. (Enders, 1932:120); 5 mi. E Rockbridge (Leopold and Hall, 1945:145). Arkansas: "about" 2 mi. S Evansville (Dellinger and Black, 1940:190). Oklahoma: 3 mi. E Wainwright (Blair, 1939:128). Texas: Brazos County (Petersen, 1946:166); Golinda (Nelson, 1909:148); Washburn (ibid.). New Mexico: Santa Rosa (ibid.); vicinity of Cimarron (Hill, 1942:82). Colorado: Semper (Nelson, 1909:148). Wyoming: 3 mi. W Meriden along Horse Cr. (15926 KU).
Lepus californicus merriami Mearns.
1896. Lepus merriami Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 2, March 25, (Reprint: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:444, May 23, 1896) type from Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.
Marginal records (Nelson, 1909:150, unless otherwise noted).—Texas: Mason; Lott; Antioch; Houston. Tamaulipas: Matamoros; Tamaulipeca, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:255). Nuevo Leon: Santa Catariña. Coahuila: Monclova; Sabinas.
Lepus californicus richardsonii Bachman.
1839. Lepus richardsonii Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):88, type from California (exact locality unknown, but probably on interior slope of mts. near Jolon, Monterey County).
1909. Lepus californicus richardsoni, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:133, August 31.
1904. Lepus tularensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:136, July 14, type from Alila, Tulare County, California.
Marginal records.—California (Orr, 1940:71): Minkler; Thompson Valley, Walker Basin; Kern Lake Basin; Carrizo Plains, 7 mi. SE Simmler; 2 mi. E Bryson; Jolon.
Lepus californicus sheldoni Burt.
1933. Lepus californicus sheldoni Burt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:37, February 20, type from Carmen Island [(lat. 26° N, long. 111° 12´ W) Gulf of Calif.], Baja California. Known from type locality only.
Lepus californicus texianus Waterhouse.
1848. Lepus texianus Waterhouse, Nat. Hist. Mamm., 2:136, type locality unknown, but probably in western Texas.
1909. Lepus californicus texianus, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:142, August 31.
1896. Lepus texianus griseus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:562, June 24, type from Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas.
1903. Lepus (Macrotolagus) texianus micropus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19:605, November 12, type from Río del Bocas, NW Durango.
Marginal records (Nelson, 1909:146, unless otherwise noted).—Colorado: between Grand Junction and the Utah boundary (Cary, 1911:158). New Mexico: Roswell (Nelson, 1909:145). Texas (Nelson, 1909:145). Colorado: Comstock. Coahuila: 8 mi. SE San Pedro de los Colonias, 3700 ft. (40206 KU). Durango: Río Sestín; Río del Bocas. Chihuahua: Santa Rosalia; Pacheco; San Luis Mts. New Mexico (Nelson, 1909:145): Guadalupe Ranch. Arizona: Painted Desert. Utah: Abajo (Blue Mts.) (Barnes, 1927:149).
Lepus californicus wallawalla Merriam.
1904. Lepus texianus wallawalla Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:137, July 14, type from Touchet, Plains of the Columbia, Walla Walla County, Washington.
1909. Lepus californicus wallawalla, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:132, August 31.
Marginal records.—Washington: Moses Coulee (Dalquest, 1948:386); Touchet (Nelson, 1909:133). Oregon: Ontario (Nelson, 1909:133). Nevada (Hall, 1946:606): 4100 ft., Quinn River Crossing; 4200 ft., 4-1/2 mi. W Flanigan. California (Orr, 1940:79): 5000 ft., 7 mi. E Ravendale; 3600 ft., 1 mi. SE Weed; Hornbrook. Oregon (Nelson, 1909:133): Hay Creek; Willow Junction.
Lepus californicus xanti Thomas.
1898. Lepus californicus xanti Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1(ser. 7):45, January, type from Santa Anita, Baja California.
Marginal records.—Baja California (Nelson, 1909:156): Southern part of the Peninsula. Santa Clara Mts., southward around range of L. c. martirensis to and down east coast; La Paz; Cape St. Lucas; San Jorgé; 20 mi. W San Ignacio.
Lepus insularis Bryant
Black Jack Rabbit
1891. Lepus insularis Bryant, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3(ser. 2):92, April 23, type from Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, Baja California. Known from Espiritu Santo Island only.
1895. Lepus edwardsi St. Loup, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1:5, type from Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, Baja California.
Total length, 574; tail, 96; hind foot, 121; ear from notch (dry), 105. This insular species, clearly a close relative of Lepus californicus of the adjacent peninsula of Baja California, is mainly glossy black on the upper parts but grizzled and suffused on sides of back and body, and in some specimens on head, with dark buffy or reddish brown; underparts dark cinnamon buffy or dusky brown; ears and sides of head grayish dusky; jugals heavier than in Lepus californicus of the adjacent peninsula of Baja California.
Lepus callotis Wagler
White-sided Jack Rabbit
1830. Lepus callotis Wagler, Nat. Syst. der Amphibien, p. 23, type from southern end of Mexican Tableland.
1830. Lepus mexicanus Lichtenstein, Abhandl. k. Akad. Wiss., Berlin., p. 101, type from México (southern end of Mexican Tableland).
1833. Lepus nigracaudatus Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 41, type from "that part of California which adjoins to Mexico" (probably southwestern part of Mexican Tableland).
Marginal records (Nelson, 1909:124).—Durango: Durango (city of). San Luis Potosí: Arenal. Hidalgo: Tulancingo. Oaxaca: Oaxaca (city of); Tlapancingo. Jalisco: Atenquiqui; Reyes.
Total length, 560; tail, 71; length of hind foot, 133; ear from notch (dry), 117. Upper parts dark, slightly pinkish, buff heavily washed with black; backs of ears mainly white without terminal patch of black; flanks white; rump iron gray.
Guide to kinds:
- Lepus callotis
- Lepus flavigularis
- Lepus gaillardi gaillardi
- Lepus gaillardi battyi
- Lepus alleni alleni
- Lepus alleni palitans
- Lepus alleni tiburonensis
Lepus flavigularis Wagner
Tehuantepec Jack Rabbit
1844. Lepus callotis var [gamma] flavigularis Wagner, Schreber's Säugthiere, Suppl., 4:106, type from México (probably near Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca).
1909. Lepus flavigularis, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:125, August 31.
Marginal records.—Oaxaca (Nelson, 1909:126): Santa Efigenia; San Mateo del Mar; Huilotepec.
Total length, 595; tail, 77; hind foot, 133; ear from notch (dry), 112. Upper parts bright ochraceous buff strongly washed with black; ears entirely buff; nape with black stripe extending back from base of each ear and median stripe of buff; flanks and underparts of body white; rump iron gray; tympanic bullae smaller than in any other Lepus of México.
Lepus gaillardi
Gaillard Jack Rabbit
Total length, 450-536; tail, 59-80; hind foot, 124-133; ear from notch (dry), 110-112. Coloration essentially as in Lepus callotis except that nape is plain buff, without a trace of black, and upper parts paler, more vinaceous buff.
Lepus gaillardi battyi J. A. Allen.
1903. Lepus (Microtolagus [sic]) gaillardi battyi J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19:607, November 12, type from Rancho Santuario, northwestern Durango.
Marginal records.—Durango (Nelson, 1909:122): Río Campo; type locality.
Lepus gaillardi gaillardi Mearns.
1896. Lepus gaillardi Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:560, June 24, type from West Fork of Playas Valley, near monument No. 63, Mexican boundary line, Grant County, New Mexico.
Marginal records.—New Mexico: Animas Valley (V. Bailey, 1932:53). Chihuahua (Nelson, 1909:121): Whitewater; Colonia Juarez. New Mexico; type locality.
Lepus alleni
Antelope Jack Rabbit
Total length, 553-670; tail, 48-76; hind foot, 127-150, ear from notch, in flesh, 138-173. Top and sides of head creamy buff, slightly washed on top with black; tail white except for mid-dorsal line of black extending onto rump; sides of shoulders, flanks, sides of abdomen, rump, and outside of hind legs uniform iron gray. The average weight of 61 adult males from Arizona was 8.2 lbs. In that state 124 pregnant females had an average of 1.93 young (1-5) and Vorhies and Taylor (1933:580) thought that a female had three or four litters per year.
Lepus alleni alleni Mearns.
1890. Lepus alleni Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:294, February 21, type from Rillito, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, Pima County, Arizona.
Marginal records.—Arizona: Queen Creek (Vorhies and Taylor, 1933:480); Cascabel (ibid.); Calabasas (Nelson, 1909:118). Sonora (Burt, 1938): Cerro Blanco (p. 67); Oputo (p. 66); Batamotal (p. 66); La Libertad Ranch (p. 67); Picu Pass (p. 67). Arizona: 2 mi. W Quitovaquita (Huey, 1942:362); Casa Grande (Nelson, 1909:118).
Lepus alleni palitans Bangs.
1900. Lepus (Macrotolagus) alleni palitans Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:85, February 23, type from Aguacaliente, about 40 mi. SE Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Marginal records.—Sonora: near San Bernardo on Río Mayo on Sonora side of Sonora-Chihuahua boundary (Burt and Hooper, 1941:7): Alamos (Nelson, 1909:119); Guirocoba (Burt, 1938:68). Nayarit: Acaponeta (Nelson, 1909:119). Sinaloa (Nelson, 1909:119): Esquinapa; Rosario; Culiacán. Sonora: "near" Navajoa (Burt, 1938:68).
Lepus alleni tiburonensis Townsend.
1912. Lepus alleni tiburonensis Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:120, June 14, type from Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Sonora. Known from Tiburon Island only.
Lepus europaeus
European Hare
Total length, 640-700; tail, 70-100; hind foot, 130-150; ear from notch (dry), 79-100; weight, 3000 to 5000 grams. Upper parts tawny, mixed with blackish hairs on back; underparts white including underside of tail; upper side of tail and terminal patch at distal end of outside of ears black; upper side of feet tawny like sides (not white or whitish). This is an introduced species.
Lepus europaeus europaeus Pallas.
1778. Lepus europaeus Pallas, Nov. Spec. Quadr. Glir. Ord., p. 30. Type locality, Burgundy, France. (Introduced and established in Ontario and parts of the northern United States; slowly spreading in southern Ontario north of Lake Erie (St. Thomas and Woodstock), west and north of Lake Ontario (Toronto) to Goodrich on east side of Lake Huron. See Anderson, Canadian Field-Naturalist, 37:75-76, April, 1923; Anderson, Nat. Mus. Canada Bull., 102:100, January 24, 1947; Burt, Mammals of Michigan, p. 247, 1946.)
Lepus europaeus hybridus Desmarest.
1822. Lepus hybridus Desmarest, Encyclopedie methodique (Zoologie) Mammalogie, pt. 1, p. 349 (Name based on "Russac" of Pallas, Nov. Spec. Quadr. Glir. Ord., p. 5, 1778), type locality central Russia.
1912. Lepus europaeus hybridus, Miller, Cat. Mamm., western Europe, Publ., British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 508, November 23, 1912.
Range.—Introduced and established in New York and Connecticut (see Goodwin, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bull. 53:159-162, 1935).
- Fig. 49. Lepus americanus tahoensis, 1/2 mi. S Tahoe Tavern, Lake Tahoe, Placer County, California. No. 37522 MVZ, ♂.
- Fig. 50. Lepus alleni alleni, Santa Rita Mountains, 30 mi. S Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. No. 8621 KU, ♂.
- Fig. 51. Lepus arcticus groenlandicus, Cape Alexander, Greenland. No. 114850 USNM, ♂.
- Fig. 52. Lepus townsendii townsendii, north end Ruby Valley, east base Ruby Mountains, Elko County, Nevada. No. 4686, coll. of Ralph Ellis, ♀.
- Fig. 53. Lepus callotis, 3-1/2 mi. S Tecolotlán, Jalisco. No. 31842 KU, ♀.
- Fig. 54. Lepus californicus deserticola, 4 mi. W Fallon, Churchill County, Nevada. No. 900061 MVZ, ♂.
- Fig. 55. Lepus americanus tahoensis.
- Fig. 56. Lepus alleni alleni.
- Fig. 57. Lepus arcticus groenlandicus.
- Fig. 58. Lepus townsendii townsendii.
- Fig. 59. Lepus callotis.
- Fig. 60. Lepus californicus deserticola.
All × 1.
Different views of these skulls are shown in figs. 49-51.
- Fig. 61. Lepus alleni alleni.
- Fig. 62. Lepus americanus tahoensis.
- Figs. 63-64. Lepus arcticus groenlandicus.
- Fig. 65. Lepus townsendii townsendii.
- Fig. 66. Lepus callotis.
- Figs. 67-68. Lepus californicus deserticola.
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Transmitted May 8, 1951. Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
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Transcriber's Notes:
page 121 Changed "are are" to "as are" (such of their diseases as are transmissible to him)
page 131 Changed "Inglesmaldie" to "Inglismaldie" (Mount Inglismaldie, near Banff, Alberta).
page 142 Changed "Carribean" to "Caribbean" (Sipurio, Río Sixaola, near Caribbean Coast).
page 146 Changed "Quintin" to "Quintín" (Baja California (Huey, 1940): San Quintín)