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A translation of Glanville

Chapter 267: E.
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About This Book

A systematic medieval legal manual that explains how pleas are classified and handled in the royal courts, detailing the distinction between criminal and civil matters, the roles of royal and local officers, and the preliminary steps and writs required to bring disputes before judgment. It outlines procedural formalities such as essoins and pleadings, describes common forms of action and remedies, and gives practical guidance on adjudication, enforcement, and customary practices governing property, obligations, and penalties. The work is instructional in tone, intended to guide the administration and application of customary royal justice.

INDEX.


A.

Abbots cannot without King’s consent alien, 123

—— of Canons Regular may appear for their Order, 229

Absence of Lords, 65

—— of Parties, 30

—— of Summoners, 26

—— of Tenant, 27

—— of Demandant, 28

Accusations, 278

Accuser, certain or uncertain, 278, 279

Admeasurement of Dower—Writ of, 112

Administration, who entitled to, 137

Advocatio (Note 1.), 69

Advowsons—general doctrine of, begins at, 69

Æsnecia (Note 1.), 127

Afforciament (Note 1.), 53

Age, Writ to ascertain, 261

Aids (Note 1.), 190

Aisiamenta (Note 1.), 239

Allegiance, 177, 178

Amercements, 202

—— in County Courts belong to Sheriff, 193

Appeal of Felony, 141

Appellans (Note 3.), 275

Appeals, who may prosecute, 282

Arbelastarius (Note 1.), 232

Arrha (Note 4.), 216

Assisa (Note 1.), 36

Assise Grand (see Grand Assise), 44

Assises, general doctrine of, begins at, 246

Assise of darrein presentment, 263

—— mort d’auncestor, 246

—— novel disseisin, 270

—— when it lies not for burgage tenure, 255

Attachment (Note 1.), 66

Attornato faciendo—Writ de, 226

Attornies—general doctrine concerning, begins at, 223

Attorney may cast Essoins for himself, 226

—— may be removed, 228

Avunculus (Note 1.), 125

B.

Bailiff cannot, as such, appear as Attorney, 225

Ballivus (Note 1.), 225

Banco, Justicii in (Note 2.), 41

Baro (Note 3.), 173

Bastards cannot inherit, 147

—— formerly inherited in Wales (Note 1.), 148

—— who succeed to, 150

Bastardy, when bar to an Assise, 254

—— Writ to inquire concerning, 148

Bishops cannot without King’s consent alien, 123

—— do not when consecrated perform Homage, 180

—— do when consecrated perform Fealty, 180

Bladum (Note 2.), 33

Boscus (Note 2.), 239

Breve (Note 4.), 4

Burgage Tenure—not entitles King to Custody, 142

—— when it bars an Assise, 255

C.

Campio (Note 2.), 36

Capital Messuage not allotted in Dower, 108

Cellarii (Note 1.), 229

Champion, when hired, inadmissible, 38

—— if formerly a Villein, objectionable, 89

—— when conquered how punished, 39

—— collusively vouched (Note 2.), 219

Charters, proof of, 214

—— falsifying, 290

Chattels when forfeited, 152, 156

—— of Intestate, 151

—— of Usurer, 151

—— not distrained for non-appearance, 199

Chief Manor not allotted in Dower, 109

Chirograph, 168

Clamat (Note 1.), 5

Clamor popularis, 286

Coin false, 290

Commodatum (Note 2.), 214

Concord, why called Final, 166

—— breach of, how punished, 167

Concords, general doctrine of,—begins at, 161

Conditions, 206

Conductum (Note 1.), 221

Confiscation, 282

Consanguinity in questions of freedom, 85

—— in questions of Intestacy, 137

—— bar to Assise of mort d’auncestor, 255

Constitution (Note 1.), 49

Consuetudines (Note 4.), 165

Consuetudinibus et servitiis—Writ de, 192

Contempt of Court, 30, 66, &c.

Contemptus Brevium (Note 4.), 4

Contenement (Note 3.), 190

Contracts private, 221

Counts, when they vary from Writ, effect of, 244

Courts inferior—when allowed Records, 170, 173

——, County—differ in their Customs, 244

—— of Lords—differ in their Customs, 234

Crimen falsi (Note 2.), 2, 290

Croftum (Note 3.), 164

Curtesy of England (Note 1.), 158

Custody of Heirs, 139

—— discharges Relief—when, 184

Customs, 128, 133

Custum (Note 1.), 29

D.

Darrien presentment—Writ of, 263

Debt—Writ of, 198

Debts—Pleas concerning, 198

—— how proved, 213

Default, how punished, 16

Deposit, 199

Descents, general Canons of, 124

—— amongst Grecians, Normans, Lombardi, &c. (Note 2.), 125

Desponsatio (Note 1.), 94

Disseisins, 270

Distresses, 103, 179, 191, 199, 228, &c.

Divisa (Note 1.), 133

Divorce for Incontinence bars Dower, 110

—— for Relationship bars Dower, 110

Dominium (Note 1.), 123

Dower, general doctrine of, begins at, 93

—— in what senses used, 93

—— ad Ostium Ecclesiæ, 94

—— Ex assensu Patris, 111

—— admeasurement of, 95

—— how demanded, 101

—— not of land already in Dower, 109

—— its assignment not postponed for Heir’s Infancy, 109

—— barred by Divorce for Incontinence or Relationship, 110

—— Writ of Right of, 99

Duel, Trial by, 33

—— its rise and decline (Note 1.), 34

—— reason of (Note 1.), 35

—— not allowed in questions of Villenage, 88

—— not waged by Villein-born though Knighted, 89

—— Courts not bound to defend their Records by, 171

—— Courts bound to defend their Judgments by, 171

—— in Criminal matters, 282

—— when only compromised by License, 282

Duodecimâ Manu (Note 2.), 8

E.

Earnest, 216

Ecclesiastical Court—holds not plea of Debt—when, 212

—— when it has Jurisdiction generally, 245

Election of Knights on Grand Assise, 48

Enfranchisement—modes of effecting, 88

—— under Saxons (Note 1.), 88

Escambium (Note 1.), 61

—— when Bracton wrote (Note 1.), 61

Escheat for want of Heir, 154

—— for incontinence of female Heir, 154

—— for felony, 154

—— for conviction of Theft, 156

—— for Outlawry, 155

Essoins, principal kinds of (Note 1.), 6

—— general doctrine of—begins at, 6

—— not allowed by one of full age against Minor, 256

—— nor in Novel Disseisins, 251

—— may be cast by Attorney for himself, 226

Essoiners may appoint Essoiners, 18

—— Writ to take as Defaulters, 13

Essonium (Note 1.), 6

Exceptions to Jurors, 50

Exchequer, 142

Executors—who, 136

F.

Failure of Justice in Lord’s Court, 234

Faldæ (Note 2.), 165

Faldæ secta (Note 2.), 165

Falsifying Judgments, 172

False-claim, punishable, 30

Famâ publicâ (Note 2.), 278

Fealty, 129, 157

Fee, how lost, 179

Felony—appeal of, 141

—— forfeits Land, 154

Females, Custody of, 143

Feme sole may make a Testament, 134

—— covert cannot without Husband’s consent, 134

Feodum (Note 2.), 103

Fidei interpositio (Note 2.), 280

Final Concord—forms of, 162, 163

Fine—bar to Assise of mort d’auncestor, 254

Fines—general doctrine of—begins at, 161

Forfeitures, 154, 155, 156, 179, 282, &c., &c.

Forgeries, 290

Forinseca (Note 1.), 165

Forisfacio (Note 2.), 146

Forisfamiliatus (Note 1.), 131

Fossatum (Note 4.), 272

Frankalmoigne, 114

Freedom, how proved, 85

—— not to be purchased with Villein’s own money, 89

—— means of acquiring, 88

Frussetum (Note 2.), 164

G.

Gifts of Land—how far allowed, 114

—— —— defective without seisin, 114

Grand Assise, 44

—— —— bars to, 42

—— —— the Essoins it allows, 49

—— —— concerning what things, 51

Gyldam (Note 4.), 90

H.

Heirs—how far bound by Ancestors’ Gifts, 124

—— how divided, 124

—— when disinherited (see Forfeiture, Escheat, &c.)

—— in right line preferred to transverse line, 124, 129

Heres remotior (Note 4.), 117

—— Ultimus, a Man’s Lord, 153

Hiring, 221

Homage, difference between and Fealty (Note 1.), 128

—— performed by Husband of Eldest Daughter, 128

—— general doctrine of, begins at, 175

—— must be received by Lord, when, 177

—— performed to several Lords for different Fees, 177

—— liege, when due, 177

—— form of, 177

—— effect of, 178

—— not performed by Women, 176

—— not by consecrated Bishops, 180

—— for what due, 181

—— to whom, 182

Homicide, its species, 285

—— properly so called, 286

—— not bailable, 281, 285

Hue and Cry, 286

Husbands—their power over their Wives’ Inheritance, 129

—— perform Homage for Wives’ Land, 177

I.

Impetitio (Note 1.), 262

Imprisonment, 279, 281

Incendiaries, 288

Incontinence in female Heirs how punished, 146

—— divorce for, bar to dower, 110

Infamy, 56

Institution (Note 1.), 49

Interrogations in Pleas of Crown, 279

Intestacy, 136, 151

J.

Judgments inferior Courts bound to defend by Duel, 171

—— falsifying, 172

—— in Capital Offences, 280

Judicium Dei, 282

Jurata, 46, 194

Juris Utrum (Note 1.), 266

Jurors, 50, 194

Justices Itinerant (Note 2.), 151

Justicia (Note 3.), 141

Justiciare (Note 1.), 192

Justicii in Banco (Note 2.), 41

K.

King’s Death, crime of, 2, 278

—— Peace, 3, 27, 30, &c.

—— Writ of Warranty, 8

—— Charters falsifying, 290

Knight’s Heir in custody of Lord, 140

Knights summoned as Jurors on Grand Assise, 48

Knight’s Fee, relief of, 185

Knight, if formerly Villein, objectionable as Champion, 90

L.

Languor (Note 2.), 15

Law, loss of, 39

Læse Majesty, 2, 278

Legacy, 137

Lex Apparens (Note 2.), 279

Libertate probanda, writ de, 84

Limitation of mort d’auncestor, 247

—— of Novel Disseisin, 272

Loans, 199

Locatum (Note 1.), 221

Lords may distrain their Tenants, 179

M.

Magna Assisa Eligenda, writ of, 48

Mahemium (Note 3.), 282

Manor chief not to be allotted in Dower, 109

Maritagium (Note 1.), 113

Marriage of female Heirs—Lords consulted on, 144

Marriage-hood, free or not, 156

Mayhem protects from duel, 282

—— what, 282

Measures false, 290

Medletum or Melletum (Note 1.), 3

Messuage capital, 109, 127

Metal discovering, 284

Minor when bound to answer generally, 260

—— must answer Minor in his custody, 140

—— no Essoin against, by one of full age, 256

Minority of Heir of a Knight, 139

—— —— of a Sockman, 139

—— —— of a Burgess, 139

Misericordia (Note 1.), 28

Mort d’Auncestor, Assise of, 257

—— —— bars to, 254

—— —— writ of, 247, &c.

Mortgage, 284

—— when usurious, 209

Mulier (Note 1.), 97

Mulieratus filius (Note 2.), 116

Mutuum (Note 1.), 204

Murder, 285

—— not bailable, 2, 285

N.

Nativus (Note 2.), 83

Ne injuste vexes, writ of, 237

Nihil habet, writ of, 106

Non-plevin (Note 1.), 14

Novel-Disseisin, assise of, 270

—— —— meaning of Term (Note 1.), 270

—— —— allows no Essoin, 250, 274

—— —— allows of vouching warrantor, 275

Nuisances, 194, 273, 274

O.

Ordeal (Note 1.), 283

Outlawry, 154

Oxland (Note 2.), 162

P.

Parage (Note 3.), 181

Parentela (Note 3.), 110

Pares (Note 1.), 180

Pasture, admeasurement of, 238

—— disseisin of, 274

Perjury, 55

Persona (Note 2.), 69

Pleas, how divided, 1

—— criminal appertaining to Crown, 2, 278

—— criminal appertaining to Sheriff, 3

—— civil discussed in King’s Court, 3

—— civil discussed in Sheriff’s Court, 4, 236

Pledges 27, 200

—— in criminal cases, 6, 7, 279

—— of Essoiners, writ to summon, 13

Pone, writ of, 100

Possession, writs to deliver, 14, 40, &c.

Præcipe quod reddat, writ of, 5

Precariæ (Note 3.), 165

Presentation, when devolving on Tenant in Dower, 109

Proclamo (Note 1.), 86

Prohibition, writs of, 46, 82, &c.

Purchase, 216

Purgation by ordeal, 283

Purpresture, or Propresture, 193

Putagium (Note 3.), 147

Q.

Quæstus, or Questus (Note 3.), 95

Quit-claim, 254

R.

Rape, 2, 289

Rationabili parte Bonorum, writ of, 137, 240

Rationabilibus divisis, writ of, 197, 239

Recognitiones (Note 2.), 4

Recognitions, general doctrine of, 246

Record, courts of, 170

Records, of inferior courts not conclusive, 170

—— when allowed to inferior courts, 170

—— no court bound to defend by Duel, 171

Recreantisa (Note 3.), 39

Rectatus (Note 2.), 27

Reliefs, 184

Relief of Knight’s Fee, 185

—— of Socage Lands, 185

—— of Baronies, 185

—— once paid not again due, 184

—— when not due (Note 2.), 184

Replegiare (Note 1.), 73

Replegiare de averiis, writ of, 238

Reseantisâ (Note 1.), 10

Respectus (Note 1.), 22

Responsalis (Note 1.), 223

Right, writs of, 231, 233, &c.

Robbery, 288

Roberia (Note 2.), 288

Rustic may bring an Appeal, 282

—— tried by water-ordeal, 283

S.

Sale, 216

Seals, 213

Sedition, 2, 278

Seisina (Note 2.), 7

Seneschallus (Note 2.), 225

Sequela (Note 1.), 238

Serjeanties, 186

Servientes (Note 1.), 20

—— Domini Regis (Note 1.), 20

Sextarii (Note 1.), 47

Sheriffs, their jurisdiction, 2, 4, 236, &c.

—— entitled to Amercements in county courts, 193

Socagium (Note 3.), 118

Socage Lands, how descendible, 126

—— —— how long partible (Note 2.), 126

—— —— Relief of, 185

Sockman’s Heir in whose custody, 142

Stagnum (Note 1.), 273

Steward cannot, as such, act as Attorney, 225

Stika, or Stica (Note 2.), 47

Succession, Rules of, 124

Suits, how removed from Lord’s to County Court, 235

Summons, doctrine of, begins at, 5

—— writs of, 5, 48, &c.

Suretyship, 201

T.

Tales, 52

Terminus (Note 2.), 22

Testaments, 134

Theft, 2, 156, &c.

—— cognisable by Sheriffs, 2

Toft (Note 3.), 162

Treasure Trove, 2, 284

Treason, 2, 278, &c.

Turbaria (Note 4.), 164

U.

Ultima presentatio, Assise of, 262

Ultimus Heres, a Man’s Lord, 153

Utlagatus (Note 3.), 154

Usury, when Mortgage amounts to, 209

—— punishment of, 151

Usurers, not convicted whilst living, 151

V.

Vassal, 178

Vicinetum (Note 1.), 32

View, 31

—— writ directing, 32

Villa privilegiata (Note 3.), 90

Villeins-born, 91

Villenage, general doctrine of, begins at, 83

—— plea of, not held by Sheriff, 84

—— when bar to an Assise, 254

Villenagium (Note 1.), 83

W.

Wardship, 139, 258, &c.

Warrantia Dici, writ of, 8

Warrantor, writ to compel him to appear, 62

Warrantus (Note 2.), 59

Warranty, general doctrine of, begins at, 59

—— writ of, 62, 102

—— vendors bound in, 218

Waste of Felon’s Lands, 155

Widows must ask Lord’s consent to marry, 145

—— not liable to custody, 147

—— do not forfeit for Incontinence, 147

Wife cannot, in Husband’s life, sell her dower, 97

—— her husband may sell her Dower, 97

—— may appoint Husband her Attorney, 227

Will of Lands not allowed, 115, 136

—— of personal, how far allowed, 134

—— —— —— witnesses to, 136

—— —— —— under Ecclesiastical cognizance, 137

Women can do no Homage, 176

—— in what cases they can prosecute Appeals, 286, 287

Writs, Errors in the effect of, 244

—— forms of, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 32, 40, &c., &c.

FINIS.