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Acoustics of auditoriums

Chapter 16: FOOTNOTES
By Floyd Rowe Watson
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A systematic investigation of the acoustical defects of a large university auditorium analyzes how sound reflects, absorbs, and transmits against smooth, curved surfaces to produce echoes and prolonged reverberation. Laboratory and theoretical studies were combined with in-situ measurements, including echo-path tracing and reverberation-time determination by Sabine’s method, to diagnose problems. Practical remedies such as strategic hangings and curtains were implemented and evaluated. The report outlines experimental procedures, the theoretical background on sound behavior in rooms, diagnostic techniques, and general recommendations for designing and treating auditoriums to reduce echoes and control reverberation.

FOOTNOTES

1“Theory of Sound,” Vol. II, p. 316.

2“Theory of Sound,” Vol. II, § 351.

3“Dynamical Theory of Sound,” p. 196.

4“Theory of Sound,” p. 333.

5“Architectural Acoustics.” A series of articles in the Engineering Record, 1900; also the American Architect, 1900.

6“Architectural Acoustics,” Proc. of Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 42, pp. 49–84, 1906.

7G. W. Stewart. “Architectural Acoustics,” Sibley Journal of Engineering, May, 1903. Published by Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

8“Qualités acoustiques de certaines salles pour la voix parlée.” Comptes Rendus, 142, 878, 1906.

9W. S. Franklin. “Derivation of Equation of Decaying Sound in a Room and Definition of Open Window Equivalent of Absorbing Power.” Physical Review, Vol. 16, pp. 372–374, 1903.

10G. Jäger. “Zur Theorie des Nachhalls.” Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akad. der Wissenschaften in Wien, Math-naturw. Klasse; Bd. CXX. Abt. 11 a. Mai, 1911.

11Science, Vol. 35, p. 833, 1912.

12Arch. Quarterly of Harvard University, March, 1912.

13Osborne Reynolds. Proc. of Royal Soc., Vol. XXII, p. 531, 1874.

14Joseph Henry, “Report of the Lighthouse Board of the United States for the year 1874.”

J. Tyndall, Phil. Trans., 1874.

15Sabine, Engineering Record, Vol. 61, p. 779, 1910. Watson, Engineering Record, Vol. 67, p. 265, 1913.

16Sabine and Watson. Ibid.

17La Nature (Paris), April 24, 1909.

18Rayleigh “Theory of Sound,” Vol. II, § 283.

19Rayleigh, ibid, 283.