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After Life in Roman Paganism

Chapter 1: AFTER LIFE IN ROMAN PAGANISM LECTURES DELIVERED AT YALE UNIVERSITY ON THE SILLIMAN FOUNDATION
By Franz Cumont
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A series of lectures examines Roman pagan conceptions of the soul and its fate after death, tracing beliefs from grave rituals and tomb cults through nether-world cosmologies and folk ghosts to philosophical debates among Epicureans, Stoics, Academics, and Peripatetics. It surveys rites—funeral offerings, meals, sacred gardens—and everyday practices that sustained ancestral presence, then follows speculative developments including Pythagorean rebirth, Stoic immortality, and Neoplatonic synthesis. The work also considers the diffusion of mystery religions, Hermetic and Chaldean texts, and later Roman reflections, combining archaeological, literary, and philosophical evidence to map changing attitudes toward death and the afterlife.

SILLIMAN MEMORIAL LECTURES
PUBLISHED BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

ELECTRICITY AND MATTER. By Joseph John Thomson, D.Sc., LL.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College and Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, Cambridge University. (Fourth printing.)

THE INTEGRATIVE ACTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. By Charles S. Sherrington, D.Sc., M.D., Hon. LL.D. Tor., F.R.S., Holt Professor of Physiology, University of Liverpool. (Sixth printing.)

RADIOACTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS. By Ernest Rutherford, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., Macdonald Professor of Physics, McGill University. (Second printing.)

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CHEMISTRY. By Dr. Walter Nernst, Professor and Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry in the University of Berlin.

PROBLEMS OF GENETICS. By William Bateson, M.A., F.R.S., Director of the John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton Park, Surrey, England. (Second printing.)

STELLAR MOTIONS. With Special Reference to Motions Determined by Means of the Spectrograph. By William Wallace Campbell, Sc.D., LL.D., Director of the Lick Observatory, University of California. (Second printing.)

THEORIES OF SOLUTIONS. By Svante Arrhenius, Ph.D., Sc.D., M.D., Director of the Physico-Chemical Department of the Nobel Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. (Third printing.)

IRRITABILITY. A Physiological Analysis of the General Effect of Stimuli in Living Substances. By Max Verworn, M.D., Ph.D., Professor at Bonn Physiological Institute. (Second printing.)

PROBLEMS OF AMERICAN GEOLOGY. By William North Rice, Frank D. Adams, Arthur P. Coleman, Charles D. Walcott, Waldemar Lindgren, Frederick Leslie Ransome, and William D. Matthew. (Second printing.)

THE PROBLEM OF VOLCANISM. By Joseph Paxson Iddings, Ph.B., Sc.D. (Second printing.)

ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENT AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BREATHING. By John Scott Haldane, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Fellow of New College, Oxford University. (Second printing.)

A CENTURY OF SCIENCE IN AMERICA. With Special Reference to the American Journal of Science 1818–1918. By Edward Salisbury Dana, Charles Schuchert, Herbert E. Gregory, Joseph Barrell, George Otis Smith, Richard Swann Lull, Louis V. Pirsson, William E. Ford, R. B. Sosman, Horace L. Wells, Harry W. Foote, Leigh Page, Wesley R. Coe, and George L. Goodale.

THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN MEDICINE. By Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.R.S. (Second printing.)

RESPIRATION. By J. S. Haldane, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Fellow of New College, Oxford, Honorary Professor, Birmingham University.

AFTER LIFE IN ROMAN PAGANISM. By Franz Cumont.

AFTER LIFE IN ROMAN PAGANISM
 
LECTURES DELIVERED AT YALE UNIVERSITY ON THE SILLIMAN FOUNDATION

BY
FRANZ CUMONT
NEW HAVEN
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON · HUMPHREY MILFORD · OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
MDCCCCXXII
COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
TO MY FRIEND
GEORGE LINCOLN HENDRICKSON
1888–1922