Agricola

[1] A good specimen of such work at a late date may be found in Statius Silvae IV 3 on the via Domitiana lines 40-66.

[2] For instance Diodorus V 38 § 1, Strabo XII 3 § 40 (p 562), Apuleius met IX 12.

[3] Not artistic, of course.

[4] See especially Ed Meyer Kleine Schriften pp 80-212.

[5] To this question I return in the concluding chapter.

[6] A good instance is Xen anab IV 1 §§ 12-14.

[7] Veget I 3.

[8] Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία cap 16, with Sandys’ notes.

[9] Catil 4 § 1 non fuit consilium ... neque vero agrum colundo aut venando servilibus officiis intentum aetatem agere.

[10] To this topic I return in the concluding chapter. See chapter on Aristotle.

[11] See chapter on Cato.

[12] For the existence of this system in Modern Italy see Bolton King and Okey Italy today pp 174-5.

[13] Cic in Catil II § 18. See the chapter on Cicero.

[14] Cf Valerius Maximus VII 5 § 2.

[15] For modern Italy see Appendix.

[16] Cf Caesar B C I 34, 56, discussed in the chapter on Varro.

[17] Oratio XV (1 pp 266-7 Dind).

[18] VI 315, XXIII 712, VII 221.

[19] XII 433-5, XXI 445, 451, X 304.

[20] XXI 444.

[21] XVIII 550.

[22] II 751.

[23] XVIII 542, 554, XI 67, XX 495-7, V 500, XIII 590.

[24] XXI 257-9.

[25] XI 68.

[26] XVIII 550-60.

[27] XXI 281-3.

[28] XXI 40-2, 78-80, 101-3, 453-4, XXII 45, XXIV 751-2.

[29] XVI 835-6, VI 463.

[30] VI 455, XVI 831, XX 193.

[31] XII 421-4.

[32] IV 245, XIV 3-4, 62-5, XVI 302-3, XVII 533. (Iliad V 413, VI 366.)

[33] Selling XIV 297, XV 387, 428, 452-3, XX 382-3. Buying I 430, XIV 115, etc.

[34] XIX 488-90, XXII 173-7, 189-93, 440-5, 462-4, 465-77. (Cf XVIII 82-7.)

[35] IV 245 foll.

[36] IX 205-7, XI 430-2, XVI 14 foll, XIX 489, XXIII 227-8, etc.

[37] XIV 449-52.

[38] VII 224-5, XIX 526.

[39] IV 643-4, 652.

[40] In XIX 56-7 a τέκτων, Icmalius, is even mentioned by name.

[41] XVII 382-7, XIX 134-5.

[42] XIV 56-8.

[43] XVII 578.

[44] XVII 18-9, 226-8.

[45] XVIII 403.

[46] VII 112 foll, VIII 557-63.

[47] IX 109-11, 125 foll.

[48] XV 319 foll.

[49] XVIII 1-116.

[50] IX 191.

[51] II 22, IV 318, XIV 344, XVI 139-45.

[52] XIV 222-3.

[53] XIII 31-4.

[54] XVIII 357-64.

[55] XI 489-91.

[56] IV 644.

[57] IV 735-7.

[58] XXIV 208-10.

[59] XXIV 222-55.

[60] XXIV 257.

[61] XV 412-92.

[62] XIV 271-2.

[63] XXI 213-6.

[64] XV 363-5.

[65] XIV 62-5.

[66] XVIII 366-75.

[67] 299-302, 394-5, 399-400, 403-4, 646-7.

[68] 289-90, 303-5, 308-13, 381-2, 410-3 (cf 498).

[69] 20-4.

[70] 37-41.

[71] 298-9, 397-8.

[72] 289-90.

[73] 303-5.

[74] 308-13.

[75] 410-3, 500-1, 554 foll, 576 foll.

[76] 391.

[77] 25-6.

[78] 493, 538, 544, 809.

[79] 686.

[80] 717-8.

[81] 394-400.

[82] 327-34.

[83] 341.

[84] 605.

[85] 602-3.

[86] 370.

[87] 459, 469-71, 502-3, 559-60, 573, 597-8, 607-8, 765-7.

[88] 406 is reasonably suspected.

[89] 405, 779, 800.

[90] 695-705.

[91] 32, 597, 606-7.

[92] Solon the Athenian, by Ivan M. Linforth of the University of California (1919) discusses in full the conditions of Solon’s time and his actual policy, with an edition of his poetic remains.

[93] The view of M Clerc Les métèques Athéniens pp 340-5.

[94] ἄλλος γῆν τέμνων πολυδένδρεον εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν λατρεύει τοῖσιν καμπύλ’ ἄροτρα μέλει. Mr Linforth takes the last four words as defining ἄλλος, the plowman. I think they refer to the employers, spoken of as a class.

[95] Aristotle Ἀθ πολ 11, 12, 16.

[96] See the remarks of Dareste Haussoullier and Th Reinach in the Recueil des inscriptions juridiques Grecques (Paris 1904) on the Gortyn Laws.

[97] See Livy X 4 § 9.

[98] See his references to the Spartan use of ξείνοι = βάρβαροι IX 11, 53, 55.

[99] VIII 68 γ.

[100] VIII 26, 105-6.

[101] II 164-7.

[102] Isocrates Busiris §§ 15-20 pp 224-5 also allows for no special class of γεωργοὶ in Egypt.

[103] Plato Timaeus p 24. Diodorus I 28, 73-4 (? from Hecataeus of Abdera, latter half of 3rd cent BC).

[104] II 141, 168. See Index under Egypt.

[105] The passage of Isocrates just cited seems to favour this view.

[106] VIII 137.

[107] VIII 26.

[108] VIII 51.

[109] VII 102.

[110] VI 137.

[111] IV 72.

[112] VIII 142.

[113] οἰκετέων here = members of the family, as often. Stein refers to VIII 4, 41, 44, 106. Compare the use of οἰκεὺς in the Iliad, and see Aesch Agam 733, Eur Suppl 870.

[114] Pers 186-7, 255, 337, 391, 423, 434, 475, 798, 844.

[115] Eum 186-90.

[116] Prom 454-8, 708.

[117] Fragm 194, 198, Dind.

[118] Suppl 612-4, Eum 890-1.

[119] Trach 52-3, 61-3, O T 763-4, Fragm 518, 677, Dind.

[120] Antig 338-40. The use of horses for ploughing is strange. Jebb thinks that mules are meant.

[121] O T 1029.

[122] Trach 31-3.

[123] Electra 37-8, 375-6, Phoenissae 405, fragm 143 and many more.

[124] The loyalty of slaves to kind masters is referred to very often.

[125] References in Euripides are too many to cite here.

[126] Cf the oft-quoted line from Eur Auge ἡ φύσις ἐβούλεθ’, ᾗ νόμων oὐδὲν μέλει.

[127] Cf Eur fragm 515, 828, Dind, etc.

[128] Cf Eur fragm 263, 1035, Dind, and the use of τὸ δοῦλον ‘the slave-quality’ in Hecuba 332-3, Ion 983, etc.

[129] See Cope’s note on Aristotle rhet 1 13 § 2.

[130] Herc Fur 1341-6.

[131] Alcestis 2, 6. Electra 203-4. Cyclops 76 foll, cf 23-4.

[132] Electra 252.

[133] Electra 35-9.

[134] ibid 73-4.

[135] ibid 75-6.

[136] ibid 78-81.

[137] The slaves in 360 and 394 are attendants of Orestes.

[138] Suppl 420-2.

[139] Orest 918-20. Cf fragm 188 Dind where the virtue of rustic life is sketched καὶ δόξεις φρονεῖν σκάπτων ἀρῶν γῆν ποιμνίοις ἐπιστατῶν.

[140] Rhesus 74-5.

[141] Rhesus 176.

[142] Heracl 639, 788-9, 890, cf fragm 827 Dind.

[143] Die pseudoxenophontische Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία ... von Ernst Kalinka (Teubner 1913). A great work.

[144] 1 § 3.

[145] 1 § 5 etc.

[146] This view reappears later in Isocrates.

[147] In his book The Greek Commonwealth.

[148] 1 §§ 10-12.

[149] Kalinka well points out that in 1 § 11 ἐλευθέρους ἀφιέναι is not technical = manumit.

[150] In 1 § 17 it is notable that among those who gain by concentration of business at Athens is εἴ τῳ ζεῦγός ἐστιν ἢ ἀνδράποδον μισθοφοροῦν. Country carts would now be plentiful in Athens.

[151] 1 § 19.

[152] 2 § 14.

[153] Equites 792-4, Pax 632-6, Eccl 243.

[154] Eccl 197-8.

[155] Eccl 591-2.

[156] Plut 510-626.

[157] Old Strepsiades still has his thoughts fixed on these, Nubes 202-3.

[158] Plut 903.

[159] Plut 223-4.

[160] Ach 180, 211, Pax 570, 1185-6, Eq 316-7, Nub 43 foll.

[161] The gradual conversion is seen in Ach 557 foll, 626 foll.

[162] Ach 32-4.

[163] Pax 551-70, 1127 foll; cf fragm 100, 107, 109, 294, 387, Kock.

[164] Pax 509-11.

[165] Pax 190.

[166] Pax 551-70, 1318-24.

[167] Lysistr 1173-4.

[168] Ach 248-50, 259.

[169] Ach 266.

[170] Nub 43 foll, 138.

[171] Vesp 442-52.

[172] Pax 1140 foll.

[173] Pax 1248-9.

[174] Lys 1203-14.

[175] Eccl 651.

[176] Plut 26-7, 253.

[177] Plut 517-20, 525-6.

[178] Plut 510-626.

[179] Aves 1152.

[180] Aves 1431-2 (cf Vesp 959), fragm of Δαιταλεῖς 4 Dind, 221 Kock.

[181] Vesp 712.

[182] Ran 164-77.