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American medicinal barks

Chapter 4: Illustrations.
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About This Book

A practical guide to bark drugs produced by trees and shrubs in the United States, presenting detailed accounts of thirty-five medicinal barks and briefer notes on related species. Species descriptions include botanical features, illustrations, geographic occurrence, harvesting and preparation methods, and distinguishing characteristics for quality and identification. The text indicates which barks are recognized by the official pharmacopoeia and which are used in trade, and it summarizes therapeutic uses, commercial sources, and concerns about forest depletion from bark harvesting. Organized as a field and reference manual, the bulletin aims to assist those engaged in study or collection of medicinal plants.

Illustrations.

Page.
White pine (Pinus strobus), leaves and cones 10
Tamarack (Larix laricina), leaves and cones 10
Aspen (Populus tremuloides), trunk 11
Aspen (Populus tremuloides), leaves and capsules 12
Bayberry (Myrica cerifera), leaves and fruit 14
Butternut (Juglans cinerea), trunk 15
Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), leaves and fruit 16
Sweet birch (Betula lenta), trunk 17
Sweet birch (Betula lenta), leaves, catkins, and fruit 17
Tag-alder (Alnus rugosa), leaves, catkins, and fruit 18
White oak (Quercus alba), trunk 19
White oak (Quercus alba), leaves and acorns 19
Slippery elm (Ulmus pubescens), trunk 20
Slippery elm (Ulmus pubescens), leaves, flowers, and fruits 21
Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata), leaves 21
Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala), leaves 22
Sweet bay (Magnolia glauca), leaves and fruiting cones 23
Tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), trunk 24
Tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), leaves, flowers, and fruit 24
Sassafras (Sassafras sassafras), leaves and fruits 25
Spicebush (Benzoin benzoin), leaves, flowers, and fruits 26
Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), leaves, flowers, and capsules 27
American mountain-ash (Sorbus americana), leaves and fruits 29
Wild cherry (Prunus serotina), trunk 30
Wild cherry (Prunus serotina), leaves, flowers, and fruits 30
Southern prickly ash (Xanthoxylum clava-herculis), trunk 32
Southern prickly ash (Xanthoxylum clava-herculis), leaves, fruits, and branchlet showing prickles 32
Wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata), leaves and fruits 33
Black alder (Ilex verticillata), fruits 34
Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus), leaves and fruits 35
False bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), leaves, flowers, and fruits 36
Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), trunk 37
Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), leaves and fruits 37
Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), five-year-old tree 38
Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), leaves and fruits 39
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), leaves, flowers, and bolls 41
Dogwood (Cornus florida), trunk 42
Dogwood (Cornus florida), leaves, flowers, and fruits 42
Moosewood (Dirca palustris), leaves and flowers 43
White ash (Fraxinus americana), trunk 44
White ash (Fraxinus americana), leaves and fruits 44
Fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginica), leaves and flowers 45
Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara), leaves, flowers, and fruits 46
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), leaves and flowers 47
Black haw and nanny-berry (Viburnum prunifolium and V. lentago), leaves and flowers 49