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American medicinal barks

Chapter 45: Bulletins of the Bureau of Plant Industry.
By Alice Henkel
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About This Book

A practical guide to bark drugs produced by trees and shrubs in the United States, presenting detailed accounts of thirty-five medicinal barks and briefer notes on related species. Species descriptions include botanical features, illustrations, geographic occurrence, harvesting and preparation methods, and distinguishing characteristics for quality and identification. The text indicates which barks are recognized by the official pharmacopoeia and which are used in trade, and it summarizes therapeutic uses, commercial sources, and concerns about forest depletion from bark harvesting. Organized as a field and reference manual, the bulletin aims to assist those engaged in study or collection of medicinal plants.

Bulletins of the Bureau of Plant Industry.

The scientific and technical publications of the Bureau of Plant Industry, which was organized July 1, 1901, are issued in a single series of bulletins, a list of which follows.

Attention is directed to the fact that the publications in this series are not for general distribution. The Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., is authorized by law to sell them at cost, and to him all applications for these bulletins should be made, accompanied by a postal money order for the required amount or by cash. Numbers omitted from this list can not be furnished.

  1. The Relation of Lime and Magnesia to Plant Growth. 1901. Price, 10 cents.

  2. Spermatogenesis and Fecundation of Zamia. 1901. Price, 20 cents.

  3. Macaroni Wheats. 1901. Price, 20 cents.

  4. Range Improvement in Arizona. 1901. Price, 10 cents.

  5. A List of American Varieties of Peppers. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  6. The Algerian Durum Wheats. 1902. Price, 15 cents.

  7. The North American Species of Spartina. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  8. Records of Seed Distribution, etc. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  9. Johnson Grass. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  10. Stock Ranges of Northwestern California. 1902. Price, 15 cents.

  11. Range Improvement in Central Texas. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  12. Forage Conditions on the Border of the Great Basin. 1902. Price, 15 cents.

  13. Some Diseases of the Cowpea. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  14. Manufacture of Semolina and Macaroni. 1902. Price, 15 cents.

  15. Injurious Effects of Premature Pollination. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  16. Unfermented Grape Must. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  17. Miscellaneous Papers. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  18. Letters on Agriculture in the West Indies, Spain, etc. 1902. Price, 15 cents.

  19. The Effect of Black-Rot on Turnips. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  20. Cultivated Forage Crops of the Northwestern States. 1902. Price, 10 cents.

  21. A Disease of the White Ash. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  22. North American Species of Leptochloa. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  23. Recent Foreign Explorations. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  24. The “Bluing” of the Western Yellow Pine, etc. 1903. Price, 30 cents.

  25. Formation of the Spores in the Sporangia of Rhizopus Nigricans and of Phycomyces Nitens. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  26. Forage Conditions in Eastern Washington, etc. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  27. The Propagation of the Easter Lily from Seed. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  28. The Commercial Grading of Corn. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  29. Japanese Bamboos. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  30. Physiological Rôle of Mineral Nutrients in Plants. 1903. Price, 5 cents.

  31. The Description of Wheat Varieties. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  32. The Apple in Cold Storage. 1903. Price, 15 cents.

  33. Culture of the Central American Rubber Tree. 1903. Price, 25 cents.

  34. Wild Rice: Its Uses and Propagation. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  35. Miscellaneous Papers. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  36. Persian Gulf Dates. 1903. Price, 10 cents.

  37. The Dry-Rot of Potatoes. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  38. Nomenclature of the Apple. 1905. Price, 30 cents.

  39. Methods Used for Controlling Sand Dunes. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  40. The Vitality and Germination of Seeds. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  41. Pasture, Meadow, and Forage Crops in Nebraska. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  42. A Soft Rot of the Calla Lily. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  43. Notes on Egyptian Agriculture. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  44. Investigation of Rusts. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  45. A Method of Destroying or Preventing the Growth of Algæ and Certain Pathogenic Bacteria in Water Supplies. 1904. Price, 5 cents.

  46. Reclamation of Cape Cod Sand Dunes. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  47. Range Investigations in Arizona. 1904. Price, 15 cents.

  48. North American Species of Agrostis. 1905. Price, 10 cents.

  49. American Varieties of Lettuce. 1904. Price, 15 cents.

  50. The Commercial Status of Durum Wheat. 1904. Price, 10 cents.

  51. Soil Inoculation for Legumes. 1905. Price, 15 cents.

  52. Miscellaneous Papers. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  53. The Development of Single-Germ Beet Seed. 1905. Price, 10 cents.

  54. Prickly Pear and Other Cacti as Food for Stock. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  55. Range Management in the State of Washington. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  56. Copper as an Algicide and Disinfectant in Water Supplies. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  57. The Avocado, a Salad Fruit from the Tropics. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  58. Improving the Quality of Wheat. 1905. Price, 10 cents.

  59. Variability of Wheat Varieties in Resistance to Toxic Salts. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  60. Agricultural Explorations in Algeria. 1905. Price, 10 cents.

  61. Evolution of Cellular Structures. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  62. Grass Lands of the South Alaska Coast. 1905. Price, 10 cents.

  63. The Vitality of Buried Seeds. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  64. The Seeds of the Bluegrasses. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  65. Agriculture without Irrigation in the Sahara Desert. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  66. Disease Resistance of Potatoes. 1905. Price, 5 cents.

  67. Weevil-Resisting Adaptations of the Cotton Plant. 1906. Price, 10 cents.

  68. Wild Medicinal Plants of the United States. 1906. Price, 5 cents.

  69. Miscellaneous Papers. 1906. Price, 5 cents.

  70. Varieties of Tobacco Seed Distributed, etc. 1906. Price, 5 cents.

  71. Farm Practice with Forage Crops in Western Oregon, etc. 1906. Price, 10 cents.

  72. A New Type of Red Clover. 1906. Price, 10 cents.

  73. Tobacco Breeding. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  74. Soy Bean Varieties. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  75. Quick Method for Determination of Moisture in Grain. 1907. Price, 5 cents.

  76. Miscellaneous Papers. 1907. Price, 25 cents.

  77. Contents of and Index to Bulletins Nos. 1 to 100. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  78. Miscellaneous Papers. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  79. Dry Farming in the Great Basin. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  80. The Use of Feldspathic Rocks as Fertilizers. 1907. Price, 5 cents.

  81. Relation of Composition of Leaf to Burning Qualities of Tobacco. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  82. Seeds and Plants Imported. Inventory No. 12. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  83. American Root Drugs. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  84. The Cold Storage of Small Fruits. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  85. Cranberry Diseases. 1907. Price, 20 cents.

  86. Miscellaneous Papers. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  87. Use of Suprarenal Glands in the Physiological Testing of Drug Plants. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  88. Comparative Tolerance of Plants for Salts Common in Alkali Soils. 1907. Price, 5 cents.

  89. Sap-Rot and Other Diseases of the Red Gum. 1907. Price, 15 cents.

  90. Disinfection of Sewage Effluents for Protection of Water Supplies. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  91. The Tuna as Food for Man. 1907. Price, 25 cents.

  92. The Reseeding of Depleted Range and Native Pastures. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  93. Peruvian Alfalfa. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  94. The Mulberry and Other Silkworm Food Plants. 1907. Price, 10 cents.

  95. Production of Easter Lily Bulbs in the United States. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  96. Miscellaneous Papers. 1908. Price, 15 cents.

  97. Curly-Top, a Disease of Sugar Beets. 1908. Price, 15 cents.

  98. The Decay of Oranges in Transit from California. 1908. Price, 20 cents.

  99. The Prickly Pear as a Farm Crop. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  100. Dry-Land Olive Culture in Northern Africa. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  101. Nomenclature of the Pear. 1908. Price, 30 cents.

  102. The Improvement of Mountain Meadows. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  103. Egyptian Cotton in the Southwestern United States. 1908. Price, 15 cents.

  104. Barium, a Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  105. Dry-Land Agriculture. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  106. Miscellaneous Papers. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  107. Seeds and Plants Imported. Inventory No. 13. 1908. Price, 20 cents.

  108. Peach, Apricot, and Prune Kernels as By-Products of the Fruit Industry of the United States. 1908. Price, 5 cents.

  109. The Influence of a Mixture of Soluble Salts, Principally Sodium Chlorid, upon the Leaf Structure and Transpiration of Wheat, Oats, and Barley. 1908. Price, 5 cents.

  110. Orchard Fruits in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Regions of Virginia and the South Atlantic States. 1908. Price, 20 cents.

  111. Methods and Causes of Evolution. 1908. Price, 10 cents.

  112. Seeds and Plants Imported. Inventory No. 14. 1909. Price, 10 cents.

  113. The Production of Cigar-Wrapper Tobacco under Shade in the Connecticut Valley. 1908. Price, 15 cents.

Transcriber’s Notes
  1. A word seems to be missing between “considerable” and “of the woody portion” in “Description of wood and bark” section of the “Ironwood” entry. Nothing was added to it since it is not clear what word is missing.
  2. Clear typos and wrong punctuation were corrected.
  3. Inconsistent hyphenation has been corrected.
  4. There is a list of works divided in two parts in the original publication, with one part at the beginning and another at the end. They have been merged and moved to the end in this edition.
  5. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved to the end of their sections. The character ↩ was used to denote a return link in the HTML version.
  6. The original entry for Magnolia umbrella has both a “(2)” and a “(3)” item. They have been renumbered to “(1)” and “(2),” respectively.