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An Introduction to Nature-study cover

An Introduction to Nature-study

Chapter 110: General Elementary Science. Part II.
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About This Book

An illustrated, practical manual for nature-study that trains students in close observation and simple experiments using common plants and animals. Organized in two parts—plant life and animal life—it treats seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, trees, ferns, mosses, and fungi, then mammals, birds, amphibians, insects, and invertebrates, with instructions for field work, school journeys, and a monthly nature calendar. Each chapter pairs step-by-step observation exercises with explanatory descriptions, questions, and additional tests aimed at secondary students and adaptable for younger pupils, emphasizing learning methods over rote facts and using accessible specimens and clear illustrations.

TEACHERS’ CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION.

General Elementary Science.
Part II.

11. Give an example in each case of a plant with—(a) Plumed fruits or seeds. (b) Winged fruits or seeds. (c) Climbing stem covered with hooks. (d) Flowers which come out before the leaves. (e) Flowers in which the stamens are united to form a tube.

12. Show in the case of any two British wild plants the special means they possess for survival in the struggle for existence.

13. Name five of the earliest flowering wild plants in your neighbourhood, in the order in which they flower, and mention the chief characteristics of the flower in each case.

14. Describe the life-history of a fern so far as it can be observed by the naked eye and with the aid of a pocket lens.

15. Describe, with the help of drawings, the work of a bee in its mode both of collecting pollen and honey and of fertilising flowers.

16. Give a short account of the structure of a bird’s wing. How are the wings made use of during flight?

17. Give an account of some simple experiments you would employ to demonstrate the phenomena of respiration in animals and plants.

Board of Education.