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Ancient Egypt

Chapter 140: FOOTNOTES
By George Rawlinson
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History - Ancient

About This Book

The work surveys ancient Egypt’s physical environment and how the Nile’s yearly flood shaped settlement, agriculture, and regional divisions, with attention to the Delta, the Fayoum, and the narrow river valley. It traces population, language, social ranks, religious beliefs and rituals including polytheism, animal cults, funerary practices and belief in an afterlife, and the role of the ruler. It describes monumental achievements in architecture and art—pyramids, temples, sculpture, hieroglyphics—and offers a chronological account from mythic origins through the era of pyramid building and successive dynastic developments, concluding with later political and cultural transformations.



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FOOTNOTES

[1] R. Stuart Poole, "Cities of Egypt," p. 4.

[2]Translation by F.C. Cook.

[3]Adapted from Mr. Kinglake's "Eothen," p. 188.

[4]Nefer-hotep, a deceased king.

[5]Brugsch, "Histoire d'Egypte," p. 15.

[6]A fellah is a peasant, one of the labouring class, just above the slave.

[7]R. Stuart Poole, "Cities of Egypt," pp. 24, 25.

[8]Fergusson, "History of Architecture," vol. i. pp. 91, 92.

[9] So Mr. A.D. Bartlett, F.Z.S., in the "Transactions of the Society of Biblical Arch�logy," vol. iv. p. 195.

[10] R. Stuart Poole, "Cities of Egypt," p. 52.

[11] "Records of the Past," vol. xii. p. 60.

[12] Euterpe, ch. 148

[13] Adapted from Kinglake's "Eothen," p. 201.

[14] See "Speaker's Commentary," vol. i. p. 447, col. i

[15] "Manuel d'Histoire Ancienne de l'Orient," vol i. p. 360.

[16] "Manuel d'Histoire Ancienne de l'Orient," vol. i. p. 368.

[17] Layard, "Nineveh and Babylon," pp. 280-282.

[18] Brugsch, "History of Egypt," vol. 1. pp. 367, 368.

[19] Brugsch, "History of Egypt" (first ed., 1879), vol. 1. pp. 371, 372.

[20] Wilkinson in Rawlinson's "Herodotus," vol. ii. p. 302.

[21] "Eastern Life," vol. i. pp. 84, 289.

[22] Kinglake, "Eothen," pp. 188, 189.

[23] Fergusson, "Handbook of Architecture," vol. i. p. 234.

[24] "History of Architecture," vol. i. pp. 119, 120.

[25] Adapted from Dean Stanley's "Sinai and Palestine," Introduction, p. xl.

[26] Stanley, "Sinai and Palestine," p. xlvii.

[27] Stuart Poole, "Cities of Egypt," p. 105

[28] The mummy of Seti I. has been recently uncovered. It was in good condition, and is said to have revealed a face very closely resembling that of Ramesses II., with fine delicate features, and altogether of an elevated type. "The nose, mouth, chin, in short all the features," says M. Maspero, "are the same; but in the father they are more refined, more intelligent, more spiritual, than when reproduced in the son. Seti I. is, as it were, the idealized type of Ramesses II." (Letter of M. Maspero in _The Times_ of July 23, 1886.) It may perhaps be doubted whether the shrunken mummy, 3300 years old, is better evidence of the living reality than the contemporary sculptures.

[29] Jeremiah xlvi. 3-12.

[30] Josephus, _Ant. Jud_. x. 9, 97.

[31] Ezekiel xxx. 3-18.