P
- Pachyrhyncus orbifex, 87
- Pagurus prideauxii, 457
- Pain, massive and acute, 379;
- capacities of animals for, 391
- Pangenesis, 182
- Panmixia and disuse, 189
- Papilionidæ, 202
- Paradise, birds of, 202
- Paranucleus in protozoa, 39
- Paramœcium, reproduction in, 39
- Parasites, how they feed, 5
- Parental sacrifice in birds and mammals, 57;
- its limits, 186
- Parrot, intelligence of, 353
- Parthenogenetic forms, no second polar cell in, 153;
- the drone an exception, 153
- Parus palustris, 164
- Peal, Mr. S., on use of tools by elephant, 370
- Peckham, Mr. G. W., on love-antics of a spider, 208, 450
- Pecten, 293
- Pelagic animals, colours of, 83
- Penzoldt, Dr., on smell, 254
- Percept, 325, 326
- Perception, 311, 324;
- in animals, 339
- Perceptual association, 202
- Perigenesis of the plastidule, 159
- Peripatus, 142
- Persistence, law of, 61
- Pheasant, hybrids between Amherst and golden, 106;
- golden, hen with cock's plumage, 228
- Phengodini, 223
- Phenomenal nature of object, 315, 320, 331
- Photographic psychology, 320, 326
- Phrynocephalus mystaceus, 90
- Physiological isolation, 104
- Physiological and psychological activities, 304;
- Picton, Mrs. E., on Skye terrier, 398
- Pigeons, correlated variations in, 216;
- silky fantail prepotent, 227
- Pigs, intestines of, 171;
- Pike, teeth of, 437
- Pineal gland, 196, 288
- Pipistrelle, wing of, 64
- Pipits as illustrating divergence, 97
- Pitch, musical, 261
- Plasm, 10
- Plasmogen, 10
- Platyglossus, 83
- Play, instinct of, 450
- Pleasure and the special senses, 243;
- Plecotus auritus, 68
- Plesiosaurus, pineal eye of, 288
- Ploss, Herr, on sex-differentiation in man, 59
- Plover, Kentish, 83, 217
- Polar cells, extrusion of, 51;
- and variation, 153
- Postponement of action, 385
- Poulton, Mr. E. B., on colours of animals, 84;
- Predominant defined, 349;
- and language, 374
- Preferential mating, a means of segregation, 102;
- and sexual selection, 197
- Preformation and evolution of older writers, 50
- Prepotency, 227
- Presentations of sense, 318
- Previous sire, effect of, 168
- Prevision as a criterion of intelligence, 457
- Principles, mechanical, 368
- Process of life, 20
- Progress, or continuous adaptation, 119;
- adaptation to more complex circumstances, 183
- Pronghorn, curiosity in, 339
- Proposition, 329
- Protective resemblance and mimicry, 82;
- Protection, fosterage and, 219
- Proteus, sensitive to light, 294
- Protista, 15
- Protohippus, 118
- Protophyta, 15
- Protoplasm, 10
- Protozoa, nature of, 15;
- Psithyrus rupestris, 90
- Psychological and physiological activities, 304;
- Psychoses and neuroses, 465
- Ptarmigan, on colour of, 165
R
- Rabbit, brain of, 171;
- Rae, Dr., on dogs swimming rivers, 364;
- Rage and anger, 389
- Ramsay, Dr. Wm., on smell, 255
- Rats of Solomon Islands, 100;
- Rayleigh, Lord, on colour-blending, 283;
- on sensitive-flame experiments, 298;
- Reality, meaning of term, 314
- Reason distinguished from intelligence, 330, 365;
- as defined by Mr. Romanes, 372
- Recepts, 326, 368
- Recognition-marks, 103;
- involve perception, 351
- Reconstructs and reconstruction (mental), 318
- Reflex action, 415;
- and instinct, 422
- Regeneration of lost parts, 41;
- Reindeer wounded, 392;
- change of habit in, 445
- Remnants or vestiges, 196
- Reproduction, nature of, 13;
- Reproductive cells, continuity of, 131
- Resemblance, protective, 82;
- aggressive, 90
- Respiration an essential life-process, 3;
- in illustration of the process of life, 21
- Retardation and acceleration, 221
- Retina of man, 274; of birds, 284
- Retinal purple, 276
- Revenge, 401
- Reversion, 191
- Revolution and evolution, 119
- Rhea, neck resembling snake, 88
- Rhinolophus ferri-equinum, hipposideros, 65
- Rhyme-association in parrot, 356
- Ribot, M., on attention, 343
- Richardson, Mr. Charles, on railway servants killed by train, 388
- Riley, Prof., on Phengodini, 223
- Romanes, Prof. G. J., on physiological isolation, 104;
- on the cessation of selection, 190;
- on the failure of heredity, 192;
- on the reversal of selection, 193;
- on sense of smell in dog,
- on colour-sense in chimpanzee, 283;
- on ideas, 326;
- on dog cowed by noise, 340;
- on abstract ideas in animals, 348;
- on parrot, 353;
- on localization and discrimination, 359;
- examples of animal intelligence considered, 362;
- on abstract ideas in the capuchin, 368;
- definition of reason, 372;
- on strange attachments in birds, 396;
- on some emotions in animals, 400;
- on endurance of pain in dogs and wolves, 402;
- on sense of humour in dog, 407;
- on indefinite morality in animals, 413;
- definition of instinct, 422;
- on education of ant, 428;
- on homing faculty of bees, 428;
- on consciousness and instinct, 432;
- summary of his conclusions on instinct, 434;
- on instincts of Siamese ants, 449;
- his psychological scale, 478;
- on the world as an eject, 479
- Rotation, sense of, 269
- Rotifers, absence of fertilization in reproduction, 45
- Roux, on extirpation of cleavage-cell of frog's egg, 214
- Rowell, G. A., on "Beneficent Distribution of Pain," 392
- Ruffs, variability of males, 110, 178
- Russell, Mr. W. J., on smell in the dog, 255
S
- Saitis pulex, 450
- Salinity of water, effects of, on brine-shrimp, 164
- Salmon, new variety of, in Tasmania, 99
- Saturnia, modification of, by changed food, 163;
- carpini (emperor moth), 258
- Savages, fetishistic belief in, 494
- Schaub, Mr., observations on a terrier, 405
- Schmankewitsch on Artemia, 164
- Sclater, Mr. W. L., on mimicry in an insect, 88
- Sedgwick, Mr. Adam, on development of peripatus, 142
- Seebohm, Mr. H., on birds' eggs, 410
- Segregation, 99
- Selection, as compared with elimination, 79;
- Selenia, illunaria, and illustraria, 238
- Self, the, or ego, 475
- Self-consciousness, 460
- Semicircular canals, 262, 269
- Senility, introduction of, 184
- Sensation defined, 305, 324
- Sense-feelings of animals, 393
- Senses of animals, 243;
- Sensibility, 385;
- variations of, 449
- Sensitive, special use of the term, 9
- Sensitiveness and sensibility, 385
- Sentiments, 391;
- in animals, 403
- Sex-differentiation, 58
- Sexual union of ovum and sperm a source of variations, 149;
- Shame in monkey, 402
- Sheep, Youatt on, quoted, 455
- Shells, land, of Sandwich Islands, 99
- Shipp, Captain, experiment on an elephant, 401
- Sight, sense of, 272
- Sitaris, instinct of, 438
- Skertchly, Mr. S. B. J., on leaf-butterfly, 86
- Slave-making ants, 425
- Smell, sense of, 253
- Smerinthus ocellatus, 165
- Smith, Mr. G. Munro, on elimination among microbes, 80
- Snail, variations in banding of shells, 75;
- Snakes, mimicry in, 88
- Snipe, drumming of, 448
- Sollas, Dr. W. J., on regeneration of tentacle in snail, 127
- Somatic, or body-cells, 193
- Sommering, Fig. of semicircular canals, 270
- Spalanzani, his experiments on bats, 248
- Spalding, Douglas, on instinctive emotions, 395;
- Sparrows in New Zealand, 445
- Specific characters, utility of, 110;
- constancy of, 111
- Spencer, Mr. Baldwin, Fig. of pineal eye, 288
- Spencer, Mr. Herbert, law associated with his name, 37;
- Sperm-cell and egg-cell, 13;
- conditions which determine production of, 60
- Sphex, instinct of, 429, 456
- Spiders, hunting, mimicry in, 89;
- Spinoza, quoted, 61, 379, 460
- Sponges, reproduction of, 41, 42
- Spongilla, reproduction of, 46
- Spore-formation, reproduction by, 38
- Squirrel of Sarepta, 113
- Stag-beetles, variation in males of, 180
- Star-fish, embryo set free early, 56
- Starling, modified song of, 455
- St. John, observations on a retriever, 400
- Stenorhynchus, 457
- Sterility, how developed, 108
- Stewart, Mr. Duncan, on sympathy in cat, 398
- Stimuli, 302
- Strange, Mr., on love-antics of satin bower-bird, 450
- Striped ancestor of Equidæ, 230
- Struggle for existence, 79;
- variations in the intensity of, 112
- Sturge, Miss Mildred, on the parrot, 355
- Stylonichia, observations of M. Maupas on, 39
- Sully, Mr. James, on concepts, 325;
- Sutton, Mr. Bland, on hen pheasant like the male, 228;
- on the action of leucocytes, 439
- Swallow and swift, convergence in, 117;
- cliff, of United States, 445
- Swayne, Mr. S. H., on the elephant, 369
- Symbolic nature of mental products, 314
- Symonds, Mr. J. A., on "world-consciousness," 478
- Sympathy in animals, 397
T
- Tameness, instinctive, 435
- Tanner, Miss Agnes, on a thrush, 398
- Tasmanian salmon, 99
- Taste, standard of, 95, 205;
- sense of, 250
- Teeth of pike, 437
- Temperature-sense, 249
- Terror, 387
- Thaumalia picta and amherstiæ, 106
- Thekla, instinct of, 430
- "Things in themselves," or noumena, 470
- Thomas, Mr. Oldfield, on rats of Solomon Islands, 100
- Thomson, Mr. J. A., Prof. Patrick Geddes, and, on anabolism and katabolism, 44;
- Thought, 482
- Thrush, hearing in, 264;
- sympathy in, 398
- Thunberg on young hippopotamus, 423
- Tissues of the body, 20
- Tooke, Mr. Hammond, on egg-eating snake, 88
- Tools, use of, by animals, 370
- Touch, sense of, 245
- Transformation and metamorphosis, 7
- Transparency of some marine organisms, 83
- Treat, Mrs., her experiments on caterpillars, 59
- Tricks, 355
- Trionyx, 181
- Trochus, 292
- Tuco-tuco, 194
- Turner, Sir Wm., on New Guinea natives, 169
- Turkey, instinctive emotion in the, 395
- Twins, Mr. Galton's investigations on, 169
- Tylor, Alfred, on coloration in animals and plants, 201
U
- Udders, enlarged, of cows, 215
- Ultra-violet rays, 296
- Unicellular organism. See Protozoa
- Unity of organism, 161, 234
- Use and disuse, 146, 209
- Utility of specific characters, 110
V
- Vanessa urticæ, 165
- Varanus benegalensis, 288
- Variation, correlated, 59;
- and natural selection, 61;
- tabulated by A. R. Wallace, 63;
- in wing-bones of bats, 63;
- advantageous, neutral, and disadvantageous, 95;
- in climatal and geographical conditions, 112;
- secular, in climate and life area, 113;
- effect of good times and hard times on, 114;
- heredity and the origin of, 122;
- a source of, in use and disuse, 146;
- sexual union, a mode of origin of, 149;
- in definite directions, 151;
- produced by extrusion of second polar cell, 153;
- protozoan origin of, 156;
- due to the action of environment, 163;
- to the effects of use and disuse, 168;
- to domestication, 171;
- in male stag-beetles, 180;
- in mating preferences, 205;
- co-ordinated in Irish "elk" and giraffe, 212;
- nature of, 216;
- in amount of developmental capital, 221;
- inheritance of, 223;
- origin of, 231;
- limitations of, 232;
- fortuitous, in bat's wing, 235;
- definite direction of, 238;
- in limits of colour-vision, 281;
- in habits and instincts, 445, 456;
- in mental evolution, 496
- Vertebrata, diagrammatic account of development of, 51
- Verworn, Dr., on protozoa, 440
- Vespertilio mystacinus, 70
- Vesperugo leisleri, 65
- Vesperugo noctula, 67
- Vesperugo pipistrellus, 69
- Vigour and vitality, application of, in male, 237;
- in female, 238
- Vindictiveness, 401
- Vision, 272; mosaic, 291
- Volition, 459
- Volucella bombylans, 90
- Voluntary and involuntary activities, 416
- Vorticella, 38
W
- Waelchli, Dr., on colour-globules in birds, 284
- Wallace, Mr. A. R., tabulations of variations, 63;
- on tortoiseshell butterfly of Isle of Man, 81;
- on protective colours in fishes, 83;
- on divergence among birds, 97;
- on recognition-marks, 102;
- on papilionidæ of Celebes, 165;
- on the dull colours of hen birds, 199;
- on origin of secondary sexual characters, 200;
- and A. Tylor on physiological guidance, 201;
- on preferential mating, 203;
- on reversion in grouse, 229;
- on migration in birds, 428;
- on nest-building in birds, 453;
- on the song of birds, 455;
- on materialism, 464;
- on mathematical and artistic faculties, 484, 497
- Walker, R., on reversion in bull, 229
- Ward, Mr. J. Clifton, on dog, 345
- Warning-coloration, 82;
- involves perception, 351
- Warren, Mr. Robert Hall, a dog anecdote, 344
- Wasp, use of antennæ, 291
- Waste and repair essential life-processes, 8
- Water, changes of salinity in, 164
- Water-ousel, 446
- Waterton, Charles, 256
- Watson, "Reasoning Power of Animals," 369
- Webb, Dr., his operation on an elephant, 369
- Weber, on musical discrimination, 309;
- on muscular sensation in eye, 310
- Weir, Mr. Jenner, on nest-building in birds, 453
- Weismann, Dr., on continuity of germ-plasm, 138;
- on distinctness of germ-plasm from body-plasm, 140;
- on meaning of second polar cell, 153;
- on protozoan origin of variations 156;
- on the introduction of senility and death, 184;
- on the distinction of birds' eggs, 189;
- on the effects of panmixia, 190;
- on acceleration, 222;
- his views applied to instinct, 438;
- the intellectual faculties, 497
- Westlake, Miss Mabel, on the parrot, 353
- Whiskered bat, 70
- White, in arctic forms, 165;
- Wildness of birds, instinctive, 435
- Will, F., on taste in bees, 253
- Wilson, Sir Charles W., on wounded camels, 392
- Wilson, Edward, measurements of bats, 63
- Wing-bones of bats, measurement of, in illustration of variation, 63
- Words, "understanding" of, by animals, 347
- Wrasse, keenness of vision of, 287