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Animal Parasites and Messmates

Chapter 25: Transcriber’s Note
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About This Book

This work surveys animal associations from benign commensalism and mutualism to true parasitism, organizing examples into free and fixed messmates and a range of parasitic strategies. It examines representative cases among fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms, insects, and vertebrates, with attention to anatomical adaptations and host specificity. The book outlines life histories and reproductive modes, treating parasites that remain free, those parasitic only in juvenile or adult stages, migrants that switch hosts during metamorphosis, and species completing life cycles within a single host. Numerous illustrations accompany discussions of transmission, morphology, and ecological consequences, and practical observations illuminate medical and agricultural relevance.

Transcriber’s Note

Variant and obsolete spellings were not changed. Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and moved to the end of the chapter in which the related anchor occurs. Illustrations that fell within paragraphs were moved to precede or follow the paragraph, and in some cases no longer occur on the page number listed in the List of Illustrations. A few index entries are not listed in alphabetical order.

Deleted duplicate words:

a - ‘and and’ ... bottom of the sea, and in which ...

b - ‘the the’ ... march boldly on the enemy,...

c - ‘of of’ ... The stomach of the carnivorous ...

Added:

Missing periods, quote marks, and commas to sentences, illustrations and index entries.

d - ‘F’ to ‘IXED’ in Table of Contents for Chapter 3.

e - Second ‘as’ to ‘... it attacks great as well as little ...’

f - Page number to index entry for Apterychtus ocellatus

Changed:

g - page number from 226 to 227 for Figure 58

h - ‘villany’ to ‘villainy’ ... or by superior villainy ...

i - ‘copepode’ to ‘copepod’ ... a copepod crustacean ...

j - ‘rack’ to ‘back’ ... by keeping his back clean,...

k - ‘Psclaphidæ’ to ‘Pselaphidæ’

l - ‘ascercertain’ to ‘ascertain’ ...difficult to ascertain;...

m - ‘Blecker’ to ‘Bleeker’ ... Dr. Bleeker, who has so ...

n - ‘pecular’ to ‘peculiar’ ... their peculiar host ...

o - ‘Ichthoxenus’ to ‘Ichthyoxenus’ ... Ichthyoxenus Jellinghausii...

p - ‘remakable’ to ‘remarkable’ ... very remarkable group ...

q - comma to period ... to injured corn and mouldy bread.

Fig. 66 - periods to commas after numbers 2 & 3 in caption

r - period to comma ... on this subject, in which he said ...

s - comma to period ... their true nature. He referred ...

t - ‘Shachti’ to ‘Schachtii’ ... Heterodera Schachtii ...

u Index - ‘Ichthoxenus Jellingshausii’ to ‘Ichthyoxenus Jellinghausii’