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Anthropoid apes

Chapter 2: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
By Robert Hartmann
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About This Book

A scientific survey of the great apes presents historical accounts of human encounters, detailed descriptions of external form and internal anatomy, and systematic comparisons between ape and human structures. It examines variation within ape groups, geographical distribution, natural habits, and indigenous names, then addresses life in captivity and practical observation. Numerous illustrations and anatomical plates support analyses of skulls, skeletons, muscles, and brains. The author discusses taxonomic placement, assesses degrees of anthropomorphism attributed to different species, and closes with a concise synthesis and further reflections on morphology and classification.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE
1. Aged male gorilla 14
2. Ear of a male adult gorilla 17
3. The young male gorilla, from the specimen in the Berlin Aquarium of 1876–77 22
4. The same animal at a still earlier age 23
5. Ear of chimpanzee 31
6. Young chimpanzee 33
7. Head and shoulders of an aged male orang-utan 38
8. Ear of the orang-utan 39
9. Adult male orang-utan 40
10. Head of the white-handed gibbon 47
11. Ear of the white-handed gibbon 48
12. Left hand of Hylobates albimanus 49
13. Left foot of the same animal 50
14. A wauwau in the left foreground (Hylobates agilis); in the background to the right, two slender apes (Semnopithecus entellus) 51
15. Skull of an aged male gorilla in profile 56
16. Front view of the skull of an aged male gorilla 57
17. Skeleton of an aged male gorilla 65
18. Skull of an aged male chimpanzee 69
19. Skull of a very young female chimpanzee 73
20. Skeleton of the forearm and hand of the Central African bam-chimpanzee 74
21. Skeleton of foot of the Central African bam-chimpanzee 76
22. Skull of middle-aged female orang 77
23. Skeleton of young orang-utan 79
24. The Zulu king, Ketchwayo, in fighting array, with two of his men 85
25. Aidanill, hairless Australian 88
26. The same in profile 88
27. Dewan, Aidanill’s sister 90
28. Human ear 93
29. Magot (Innuus ecaudatus) 94
30. Capucin ape (Cebus capucinus) 98
31. Hand of a very aged male gorilla 103
32. Hand of a Hammegh from Roseres, on the Blue Nile 104
33. Satan’s ape (Pithecia Satanas). Shows the formation and mode of using the feet in apes of the New World 106
34. Human skull 108
35. The Neanderthal skull 115
36. Lower jaw of Moulin-Quignon 119
37. Naulette lower jaw 120
38. Lower jaw of chimpanzee 120
39. Sagittal section through the skull of a bam-chimpanzee 123
40. Human skeleton 132
41. Skeleton of an aged male gorilla 133
42. Skeleton of human hand, back view 136
43. Section through a platycnemic tibia from Cro-Magnon 138
44. Section through the tibia of a male gorilla 138
45. Section through the tibia of a male chimpanzee 138
46. Skeleton of the human foot, seen from above 140
47. Coaita (Ateles paniscus) 142
48. Muscles of the head and face of a European 151
49. Head-muscles of a Monjalese negro 152
50. Head-muscles of gorilla presented in Fig. 3 153
51. Palmar muscles of man 168
52. Palmar muscles of gorilla 169
53. Muscular system of the back of a gibbon’s hand 170
54. Muscular system of the human foot 177
55. Muscles on the upper side of chimpanzee’s foot 178
56. The brain of an orang, seen from the side 191
57. Brain of the chimpanzee, seen from above 192
58. Brain of gorilla, side view 193
59. Brain of orang, seen from above 194
60. Longitudinal section of a gorilla’s brain 196
61. Mafuca 216
62. The home of the gorilla 230
63. Climbing orang-utan, seen from behind 244