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Architecture

Chapter 67: Germany
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About This Book

This comprehensive survey traces architectural developments from the early nineteenth century through the mid twentieth, grouping the material into three chronological sections that examine Romantic classicism and Durand’s rational doctrines; Gothic revival, picturesque tendencies, and the advent of iron-and-glass construction; mid-century eclecticism, national schools, and the rise of commercial and domestic building types; and the emergence of Art Nouveau and modernist movements led by architects from several countries. It analyzes technological innovations, shifting stylistic vocabularies, regional variations, and debates between tradition and modernity, while offering plans, illustrations, and critical commentary on major architects and typologies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

For the study of the architecture of the western world since about 1840 no sources are more valuable than the professional periodicals. To provide a comprehensive list with full bibliographical details would require an inordinate amount of space and many technicalities because of the complicated way such publications start and stop, initiate new series, merge, and change title. However, it may be helpful to mention, without giving any descriptive details, a few that are especially valuable to the historian. In England, the Builder, the Building News, and later the Architectural Review are most useful; in France the Revue générale de l’architecture, the Encyclopédie d’architecture, the Gazette des architectes, and later L’Architecture vivante and L’Architecture d’aujourd’ hui. In Austria-Hungary the Allgemeine Bauzeitung may be cited. For the United States, the American Architect and Building News and later the Architectural Record, the Architectural Forum, and Progressive Architecture cover the field from the eighteen-seventies to the present. The American Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians has devoted more articles to the nineteenth century than other learned journals. Particular articles in the above-mentioned and other periodicals are for the most part merely referenced in the Notes, except those that provide the equivalent of separate monographs on certain architects; such are listed here.

General Works are subdivided, necessarily with some overlap, into those covering the Nineteenth Century (including, in fact, the later decades of the eighteenth also) and those covering the Twentieth Century. There follow rubrics for separate countries or groups of countries. Finally come the monographs on individual architects arranged, regardless of country or period, alphabetically by architect.

GENERAL WORKS

Nineteenth Century

Benevolo, L. Storia dell’architettura moderna, 1. Bari, 1960.

Cassou, J., Langui, E., and Pevsner, N. The Sources of Modern Art. London, 1962. (In America, Gateway to the Twentieth Century, New York, 1962.)

Fergusson, J. History of the Modern Styles of Architecture. London, 1862.

Giedion, S. Space, Time and Architecture. Cambridge, Mass., 1941. Later editions to 1954.

Giedion, S. Spätbarocker und romantischer Klassizismus. Munich, 1922.

Hamlin, A. D. F. A Text-Book of the History of Architecture. New York, 1896.

Hautecoeur, L. Rome et la renaissance de l’antiquité à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Paris, 1912.

Hitchcock, H.-R. Modern Architecture, Romanticism and Reintegration. New York, 1929.

Joseph, D. Geschichte der Baukunst des XIX. Jahrhunderts. 2 vols. Leipzig [1910].

Kaufmann, E. Architecture in the Age of Reason. Cambridge, Mass., 1955.

Kaufmann, E. Von Ledoux bis Le Corbusier. Vienna, 1933.

Lavedan, P. Histoire de l’urbanisme, vol. 3. Paris, 1952.

Lundberg, E. Arkitekturens Formspråk, IX, Vägen till Nutiden, 1715-1850, Stockholm, 1960; X, Nutiden, 1850-1960, Stockholm, 1961.

Madsen, S. T. Sources of Art Nouveau. Oslo, 1956; New York, 1956.

Meeks, C. L. V. The Railroad Station. New Haven, 1956.

Michel, A. (ed.). Histoire de l’art depuis les premiers temps chrétiens jusqu’à nos jours, VII, 2; VIII, 1, 2, 3. Paris, 1924-9.

Muthesius, H. Stilarchitekur und Baukunst: Wandlungen der Architektur im XIX. Jahrhundert. Mülheim-Ruhr, 1902.

Pauli, G. Die Kunst des Klassizismus und der Romantik. Berlin, 1925.

Pevsner, N. An Outline of European Architecture. Harmondsworth, 1942; seventh edition 1963.

Pevsner, N. Pioneers of Modern Design. London, 1936; 3rd ed., Harmondsworth, 1960.

Réau, L. Histoire de l’expansion de l’art français, vol. 1-. Paris, 1924-.

Rehme, W. Die Architektur der neuen freien Schule. Leipzig, 1901.

Richardson, E. P. The Way of Western Art, 1776-1914. Cambridge, Mass., 1939.

Summerson, J. N. Heavenly Mansions. London, 1949.

Twentieth Century

Banham, R. Theory and Design in the First Machine Age. London, 1960.

Behrendt, W. C. Modern Building. New York, 1937.

Benevolo, L. Storia dell’architettura moderna, II. Bari, 1960.

Contemporary Architecture of the World 1961. Tokyo [1961].

Dorfles, G. L’Architettura moderna. Milan, 1954.

Giedion, S. A Decade of Contemporary Architecture. Zurich, 1954.

Gropius, W. Internationale Architektur. Munich, 1925.

Hamlin, T. F. Forms and Functions of Twentieth-Century Architecture. 4 vols. New York, 1952.

Hitchcock, H.-R., and Johnson, P. The International Style: Architecture since 1922. New York, 1932.

Jaffé, H. L. C. De Stijl, 1917-1931. London [1956].

Joedicke, J. A History of Modern Architecture. New York, 1959.

Platz, G. Die Baukunst der neuesten Zeit. Berlin, 1927.

Richards, J. M. An Introduction to Modern Architecture. 9th ed. Harmondsworth, 1962.

Roth, A. The New Architecture. Zurich, 1940.

Sartoris, A. Introduzione alla architettura moderna. Milan, 1949.

Sartoris, A. Gli Elementi dell’architettura funzionale. Milan, 1935.

Sfaellos, C. Le Fonctionnalisme dans l’architecture contemporaine. Paris, 1952.

Smith, G. E. K. The New Architecture of Europe. Cleveland and New York [1961]; Harmondsworth, 1962.

Whittick, A. European Architecture in the Twentieth Century. 2 vols. London, 1950-3.

Zevi, B. Storia dell’architettura moderna. Turin, 1950.

INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES

Austria-Hungary

Dehio, G. Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Österreich. Vienna, 1933.

Lützow, C. von, and Tischler, L. (eds). Wiener Neubauten. 2 vols. Vienna, 1876-80.

Rados, J. A magyar klasszicista építészet hagyományai. Budapest, 1953.

Schmidt, J., and Tietze, H. Wien. Vienna [1954].

Tietze, H. Wien. Leipzig, 1928.

Virgil, B. A magyar klasszicismus epiteszete. Budapest, 1948.

Wiener Neubauten in Stil der Sezession. 6 vols. Vienna, 1908-10.

Wirth, Z. Ceśká architektura, 1800-1920. Prague, 1922.

British Dominions

Architecture in Australia (catalogue of exhibition at the R.I.B.A.). London, 1956.

Beiers, G. Houses of Australia. Sydney [1948].

Boyd, R. ‘Victorian Victorian’, Architectural Review, CXIV (1953), 105-8.

Boyd, R. Australia’s Home. Carlton, 1952.

Casey, M., and others (eds.). Early Melbourne Architecture. Melbourne, 1953.

Clarke, B. F. L. Anglican Cathedrals outside the British Isles. London, 1958.

‘Commonwealth I, II’, (special issues of) Architectural Review, October 1959; July 1960.

Gowans, A. Looking at Architecture in Canada. Toronto, 1958.

Griffiths, G. N. Some Houses and People in New South Wales. Sydney, 1948.

Herman, M. The Early Australian Architects and their Work. Sydney and London, 1954.

Herman, M. The Architecture of Victorian Sydney. Sydney, 1956.

Hubbard, R. ‘Canadian Gothic’, Architectural Review, CXVI (1954), 102-8.

Sharland, M. Stones of a Century. Hobart, 1942.

Turnbull, C. The Charm of Hobart. Sydney, 1949.

Wilson, H. Old Colonial Architecture in New South Wales and Tasmania. Sydney, 1924.

France

Barqui, F. L’Architecture moderne en France. Paris [n.d.]

Bauchal, C. Nouveau dictionnaire biographique et critique des architectes français. Paris, 1887.

Brault, E. Les Architectes par leurs œuvres. 3 vols. Paris [n.d.].

Calliat, V. Parallèle des maisons de Paris. 2 vols. Paris, 1850, 1864.

Gourlier, Biet, Grillon, and Tardieu. Choix d’édifices publics projetés et construits en France depuis le commencement du XIX siècle. 3 vols. Paris, 1825-36.

Gromort, G. L’Architecture in Histoire générale de l’art français de la Révolution à nos jours, II. Paris, 1922.

Hautecoeur, L. Histoire de l’architecture classique en France, vols IV-VII. Paris, 1952-7.

Krafft, J., and Thiollet, F. Choix des plus jolies maisons de Paris et des environs. Paris, 1849.

Magne, L. L’Architecture française du siècle. Paris, 1889.

Normand, L. M. Paris moderne ou choix de maisons. 3 vols. Paris, 1837, 1843, 1849.

Réau, F. L. L’Œuvre de baron Haussmann.... Paris, 1954.

Rochegude, Marquis de. Guide pratique à travers le vieux Paris. New ed. Paris, 1923.

Vacquier, J. Le Style empire. Paris, 1911.

Germany

Beenken, H. Schöpferische Bauideen der deutschen Romantik. Mainz, 1942.

Berlin und seine Bauten. Berlin, 1877.

Conrads, U. Neue deutsche Architektur 1955-1960. Stuttgart, 1962.

Dehio, G. Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. 5 vols. Berlin, 1905 et seq.; new ed., ed. E. Gall, so far, 11 vols. Berlin and Munich, 1935 et seq.

Herrmann, W. Deutsche Baukunst des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, vol. 1 Breslau, 1932.

Hoffmann, H., and Kaspar, K. Neue deutsche Architektur. Teufen [1956].

Landsberger, F. Die Kunst der Goethezeit. Leipzig, 1931.

Licht, H. Architektur Deutschlands. 2 vols. Berlin, 1882.

Mebes, P. Um 1800. Munich, 1918.

Schmalenbach, F. Jugendstil. Würzburg, 1935.

Schmitz, H. Berliner Baumeister vom Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 1914.

Schumacher, F. Strömungen in der deutschen Baukunst seit 1800. Leipzig, 1935.

Vogel, H. Deutsche Baukunst des Klassizismus. Berlin, 1937.

Great Britain

Boase, T. S. R. English Art 1800-1870. London, 1959.

Casson, H. An Introduction to Victorian Architecture. London, 1948.

Casson, H. New Sights of London. London, 1938.

Clark, K. The Gothic Revival. London, 1928; second edition 1950.

Clarke, B. F. L. Church Builders of the Nineteenth Century. London, 1938.

Colvin, H. M. A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, 1660-1840. London, 1954.

Eastlake, C. L. A History of the Gothic Revival. London, 1872.

Goodhart-Rendel, H. S. English Architecture since the Regency. London, 1953.

Goodhart-Rendel, H. S. ‘Rogue Architects of the Victorian Era’, Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, LVI (1949), 251-9.

Harbron, D. Amphion or the Nineteenth Century. London and Toronto, 1930.

Hitchcock, H.-R. Early Victorian Architecture in Britain. 2 vols. New Haven and London, 1954.

Hitchcock, H.-R. and others. Modern Architecture in England. New York, 1937.

Hussey, C. English Country Houses: Mid-Georgian 1760-1800. London [1956].

Hussey, C. English Country Houses: Late Georgian 1800-1840. London [1960].

Hussey, C. The Picturesque. London, 1927.

McCallum, I. A Pocket Guide to Modern Buildings in London. London, 1951.

Mills, E. The New Architecture in Great Britain, 1946-53. London, 1953.

Muthesius, H. Das englische Haus. 3 vols. Berlin, 1904-5.

Muthesius, H. Die englische Baukunst der Gegenwart. Leipzig and Berlin, 1900.

Muthesius, H. Die neuere kirchliche Baukunst in England. Berlin, 1902.

Pevsner, N. The Buildings of England. 25 vols. to date. London, 1951 et seq.

Pilcher, D. The Regency Style, 1800 to 1830. London, 1947.

Richardson, A. E. ‘Architecture’, in G. M. Young (ed.), Early Victorian England, 1830-1865, II, 177-248. London, 1934.

Richardson, A. E., and Gill, C. L. Regional Architecture of the West of England. London, 1924.

Richardson, A. E. Monumental Classic Architecture in Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1914.

Royal Institute of British Architects. One Hundred Years of British Architecture, 1851-1951. London, 1951.

Summerson, J. Georgian London. London, 1945.

Summerson, J. Ten Years of British Architecture. London, 1956.

Turnor, R. The Smaller English House, 1500-1939. London, 1952.

Turnor, R. Nineteenth Century Architecture in Britain. London, 1950.

Whiffen, M. Stuart and Georgian Churches outside London. London, 1947-8.

Greece

Russack, H. H. Deutsches Bauen in Athen. Berlin, 1942.

Holland

Behne, A. Holländische Baukunst in der Gegenwart. Berlin, 1922.

Blijstra, R. Netherlands Architecture since 1900. Amsterdam, 1960.

Mieras, J., and Yerbury, F. Dutch Architecture of the XXth century. London, 1926.

Moderne Bouwkunst in Nederland. 20 vols. Rotterdam, 1932.

Nederland bouwt in Baksteen, 1800-1940. (Catalogue of exhibition at Boijmans Museum.) Rotterdam, 1941.

Oud, J. J. P. Holländische Architektur. Munich, 1926.

Thienen, F. van. ‘De bouwkunst van de laatste anderhalve eeuw’, in H. van Gelder (ed), Kunstgeschiedenis der Nederlanden, II. Utrecht, 1955.

Wattjes, J. G. Amsterdams bouwkunst en stadsschoon, 1306-1942. Amsterdam, 1944.

Wattjes, J. G. Niewe Nederlandsche bouwkunst, 2 vols. Amsterdam, [1923]-1926.

Yerbury, F. R. Modern Dutch Buildings. London, 1931.

Italy

Bottoni, P. Antologia di edifici moderni in Milano. Milan, 1954.

Caracciolo, E. ‘Architettura dell’ottocento in Sicilia’, Metron, VII (Oct. 1952), 29-40.

Golfieri, E. Artisti neoclassici in Faenza. Faenza, 1929.

Kidder Smith, G. E. Italy Builds. London, 1955.

Olivero, E. L’Architettura in Torino durante la prima metà dell’ Ottocento. Turin [1952].

Pagani, C. Architettura italiana oggi. Milan, 1955.

Pica, A. Architettura moderna in Italia. Milan 1941.

Reggiori, F. Milano 1800-1943. Milan, 1947.

Sasso, C. Storia de’ monumenti di Napoli e degli architetti che li edificavano, II. Naples, 1858.

Latin America

Arango, J., and Martinez, C. Arquitectura en Colombia. Bogotá, 1951.

Cetto, M. Modern Architecture in Mexico. New York, 1961.

Goodwin, P. Brazil Builds. New York, 1943.

Hitchcock, H.-R. Latin American Architecture since 1945. New York, 1955.

Mindlin, H. Modern Architecture in Brazil. New York [1956].

Myers, I. E. Mexico’s Modern Architecture. New York, 1952.

Russia and Poland

Architektura polska do poowy XIX wicku. Warsaw, 1952.

Dmochowski, Z. The Architecture of Poland. London, 1956.

Grabar, I. Istoriya Russkagho iskusstva, vols 3 and 4. Moscow [1912, 1915].

Hamilton, G. H. The Art and Architecture of Russia, Chapters 21-23. Harmondsworth, 1954.

Lo Gatto, E. Gli architetti del secolo XIX a Pietroburgo e nelle tenute imperiali. Rome, 1943.

Nekrasov, A. Russki Ampir. Moscow, 1935.

Scandinavia

Ahlberg, H. Swedish Architecture of the Twentieth Century. London, 1925.

Architecture in Finland (R.I.B.A. Exhibition Catalogue). London, 1957.

Cornell, E. Ny svensk byggnadskonst. Stockholm, 1950.

Danish Architecture of Today (catalogue of exhibition at R.I.B.A.). London, 1950.

Denmark (special issue on Danish Architecture). Architectural Review, CIV (1948).

Finland bygger. Helsinki, 1953.

Finsen, H. Ung danske arkitektur, 1930-45. Copenhagen, 1947.

Fisker, K., and Yerbury, F. R. Modern Danish Architecture. London, 1927.

Hahr, A. Architecture in Sweden. Stockholm, 1939.

Hiort, E. Nyere dansk bygningskunst. Copenhagen, 1949.

Hulten, B. Building Modern Sweden. Harmondsworth, 1951.

Industriearkitektur i Finland. Helsinki, 1952.

Jacobson, T. P., and Silow, S. (eds.). Ten Lectures on Swedish Architecture. Stockholm, 1949.

Josephson, R. ‘Svensk 1800-tals architektur’, in Teknisk Tidskrift, LII (1922), 1-64.

Langberg, H. Hvem byggede hvad; Gamle og nye bygninger i Danmark. Copenhagen, 1952.

Lindblom, A. Sveriges Konsthistoria fran fortnid till nutid, III. Stockholm, 1946.

Lindahl, G. Högkyrkligt Lågkyrkligt Frikyrkligt i Svensk architektur, 1850-1950. Stockholm, 1955.

Madsen, S. T. To Kongeslot. Oslo, 1952.

Madsen, S. T. ‘Dragestilen. Honnør til en hånet stil’, Vestlandske Kunstindustrimuseums Årbok, 1949-1950, 19-62. Bergen, 1952.

Millech, K. Danske arkitektur stromninger, 1850-1950. Copenhagen, 1951.

New Architecture in Sweden. Stockholm, 1961.

New Swedish Architecture. Stockholm, 1940.

Smith, G. E. K. Sweden Builds. London, 1950.

Wanscher, L. E. Danmarks arkitektur. Copenhagen, 1943.

Switzerland

Bill, M. Moderne Schweizer Architektur, 1925-1945. Basel, 1949.

Jenny, H. Kunstführer der Schweiz, ein Handbuch ... der Baukunst. Bern, 1945.

Moderne Schweizer Architektur, 10 vols. Basel, 1940-6.

Smith, G. E. K. Switzerland Builds. London, 1950.

Spain

Calzada, A. Historia de la arquitectura española. Barcelona, 1933.

Cirici-Pellicer, P. El arte modernista catalán. Barcelona, 1951.

Flores, C. Arquitectura española contemporanea. Madrid, 1961.

Lozoya, Marqués de (Contraveras, J. de). Historia del arte hispánico, v. Barcelona, 1949.

United States

Artistic Homes. New York, 1886.

Andrews, W. Architecture, Ambition and Americans. New York, 1955.

Andrews, W. Architecture in America, A Photographic History. New York, 1960.

Condit, C. The Rise of the Skyscraper. Chicago, 1952.

Condit, C. American Building Art—The Nineteenth Century. New York, 1960.

Condit, C. American Building Art—The Twentieth Century. New York, 1961.

Denmark, E. R. Architecture of the Old South. Atlanta [1926].

Downing, A., and Scully, V. J. The Architectural Heritage of Newport, Rhode Island. Cambridge, Mass., 1952.

Edgell, G. H. The American Architecture of Today. New York and London, 1928.

Fitch, J. M. American Building; the Forces that Shape It. Boston, 1948.

Frary, I. T. Early Homes of Ohio. Richmond, 1936.

Hamlin, T. F. The American Spirit in Architecture. New Haven, 1926.

Hamlin, T. F. Greek Revival Architecture in America. New York, 1944.

Hitchcock, H.-R. A Guide to Boston Architecture, 1637-1954. New York, 1954.

Hitchcock, H.-R. American Architectural Books. 2nd ed. Minneapolis, 1962.

Hitchcock, H.-R. Rhode Island Architecture. Providence, 1939.

Hitchcock, H.-R., and Drexler, A. Built in U.S.A.: Post-War Architecture. New York, 1952.

Howland, R., and Spencer, E. The Architecture of Baltimore. Baltimore, 1953.

Kilham, W. Boston after Bulfinch. Cambridge, Mass., 1946.

Kimball, F. American Architecture. Indianapolis, 1928.

Kimball, F. Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic. New York, 1922.

Jackson, H. New York Architecture, 1650-1952. New York, 1952.

McCallum, I. Architecture U.S.A. London, 1959.

Mock, E. (ed.). Built in U.S.A., 1932-1944. New York, 1944.

Mumford, L. The Brown Decades. 2nd ed. New York [1955].

Mumford, L. Roots of Contemporary American Architecture. New York, 1952.

Mumford, L. From the Ground Up. New York [1957].

Mumford, L. Sticks and Stones. New York, 1924.

Newcomb, R. Architecture of the Old North-West Territory. Chicago, 1950.

Newcomb, R. Architecture in Old Kentucky. Urbana, Ill., 1953.

Nichols, F. D., and Johnston, F. B. The Early Architecture of Georgia. Chapel Hill, 1957.

‘One Hundred Years of Significant Building’, Architectural Record, CXIX (June 1956-June 1957) (a series of monthly features).

Randall, F. History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago. Urbana, Ill., 1949.

Roos, F. J. Writings on Early American Architecture. Columbus, 1943.

Schuyler, M. American Architecture. New York, 1892; new ed. (ed. W. Jordy and R. E. Coe), Cambridge, Mass., 1961.

Scully, V. J. The Shingle Style. New Haven, 1955.

Sheldon, G. W. Artistic County Seats. 2 vols. New York, 1886-[7].

Tallmadge, T. Architecture in Old Chicago. Chicago, 1941.

Tallmadge, T. The Story of Architecture in America. London [1928].

Tunnard, C. American Skyline. Boston, 1955.

White, T. (ed.). Philadelphia Architecture in the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia, 1953.

MONOGRAPHS

Aalto

Gutheim, F. Alvar Aalto. New York, 1960.

Labò, G. Alvar Aalto. Milan, 1948.

Neuenschwander, E. and C. Finnish Buildings; Atelier Alvar Aalto, 1950-1951. Erlenbach-Zurich, 1954.

Adam

Adam, R., and J. The Works in Architecture. 2 vols. London, 1778-9.

Bolton, A. T. Robert and James Adam. 2 vols. London, 1922.

Fleming, J. Robert Adam and his Circle. London, 1962.

Asplund

Zevi, B. E. Gunnar Asplund. Milan, 1948.

Holmdahl, G., Lind, S., and Ödeen, K. (eds.).

Gunnar Asplund Architect, 1885-1940. Stockholm [n.d.].

Baker

Baker, Sir Herbert. Architecture and Personalities. London, 1944.

Ballu

Sédille, P. Théodore Ballu. Paris, 1886.

Baltard

Decouchy, M. Victor Baltard. Paris, 1875.

Barry (C.)

Barry, A. The Life and Works of Sir C. Barry. London, 1867.

Belluschi

Stubblebine, J. The Northwest Architecture of Pietro Belluschi. New York, 1953.

Behrens

Cremers, P. Peter Behrens, sein Work von 1900 bis zur Gegenwart. Essen, 1928.

Hoeber, F. Peter Behrens. Munich, 1913.

Bentley

De L’Hôpital, W. Westminster Cathedral and its Architect. 2 vols. London [1919].

Scott-Moncrieff, W. John Francis Bentley. London, 1924.

Berlage

Gratama, J. Dr H. P. Berlage Bouwmeester. Rotterdam, 1925.

Bindesbøll

Bramsen, H. Gottlieb Bindesbøll, Liv og Arbejder. Copenhagen, 1959.

Blomfield

Blomfield, Sir Reginald. Memoirs of an Architect. London, 1932.

Böhm

Schwarz, R. ‘Dominikus Böhm’, Kunst und Werkform, VIII (1955), 72-86.

Bonatz

Tamms, F. Paul Bonatz. Stuttgart, 1937.

Boullée

Kaufmann, E. Three Revolutionary Architects, Boullée, Ledoux, and Lequeu. Philadelphia, 1952.

Rosenau, H. Boullée’s Treatise on Architecture. London, 1953.

Breuer

Argan, G. C. Marcel Breuer: disegno industriale e architettura. Milan [1957].

Blake, P. Marcel Breuer: Architect and Designer. New York, 1949.

Brodrick

Wilson, T. B. Two Leeds Architects: Cuthbert Brodrick and George Corson. Leeds, 1937.

Brongniart

Silvestre de Sacy, J. Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart. Paris, 1940.

Brunel

Rolt, L. T. C. Isambard Kingdom Brunel. London, 1957.

Bulfinch

Place, C. Charles Bulfinch: Architect and Citizen. Boston, 1925-7.

Burges

Pullan, A. Architectural Designs of William Burges. 2 vols. London, 1883-7.

Burnham

Moore, C. Daniel H. Burnham. 2 vols. Boston and New York, 1921.

The Architectural work of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White ... and their Predecessors D. H. Burnham & Co. and Graham, Burnham & Co. 2 vols. London, 1933.

Butterfield

Summerson, J. N. ‘William Butterfield’, Architectural Review, LXIV (Dec. 1945), 166-75. Reprinted in Heavenly Mansions, 159-76.

Cram

Maginnis, C. The Work of Cram and Ferguson, Architects. New York, 1929.

Cuijpers

Cuijpers, J. T. J. Het Werk van Dr P. J. H. Cuijpers, 1827-1917. Amsterdam, 1917.

Davis, A. J. See Town.

D’Aronco

Nicoletti, M. Raimondo D’Aronco. Milan, 1955.

Delano & Aldrich

Delano & Aldrich. Portraits of Ten Country Houses. New York, 1924.

Desprez

Wollin, N. Desprez en Italie. Malmö, 1934.

Wollin, N. Desprez en Suède. Stockholm, 1939.

Duc

Sédille, P. Joseph-Louis Duc, architecte (1802-1879). Paris, 1879.

Dudok

Willem M. Dudok. [Amsterdam, 1954].

Eidlitz

Schuyler, M. ‘A Great American Architect: Leopold Eidlitz’, Architectural Record, XXIV (1908), 163-79, 277-92,364-78.

Eiffel

Bresset, M. Gustave Eiffel, 1832-1923. Milan [1957].

Prevost, J. Eiffel. Paris, 1929.

Fischer

Karlinger, H. Theodor Fischer: ein deutscher Baumeister. Munich, 1937.

Fisker

Langkilde, H. E. Arkitekten Kay Fisker. Copenhagen, 1960.

Furness

Campbell, W. ‘Frank Furness, an American Pioneer’, Architectural Review, CX (1951), 310-15.

Garnier (C.)

Moyaux, C. Notice sur la vie et les œuvres de M. Charles Garnier. Paris, 1899.

Garnier (T.)

Badovici, J., and Morancé, A. L’Œuvre de Tony Garnier. Paris, 1938.

Veronesi, G. Tony Garnier. Milan, 1948.

Gärtner

Moninger, H. Friedrich Gärtner. Munich, 1882.

Gaudí

Bergós, J. Antoni Gaudí l’home i l’obra. Barcelona, 1954.

Collins, G. Antonio Gaudí. New York, 1960.

Martinell, C. Gaudinismo. Barcelona, 1954.

Ráfols, J. Gaudí. Barcelona, 1929; 2nd ed., 1952.

Sweeney, J. J., and Sert, J. Ll. Antoni Gaudí. New York [1960].

Gentz

Doebber, A. Heinrich Gentz. Berlin, 1916.

Gilbert

Gilbert, Cass. Reminiscences and Addresses. New York, 1935.

Gilly

Oncken, A. Friedrich Gilly. Berlin, 1935.

Rietdorf, A. Gilly, 1940.

Godwin

Harbron, D. The Conscious Stone: The Life of Edward William Godwin. London, 1949.

Goodhue

Whitaker, C. (ed.). Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue—Architect and Master of Many Arts. New York, 1925.

Greenway

Ellis, M. H. Francis Greenway: his Life and Times. Sydney and London, 1949.

Gropius (W.)

Argan, G. C. Walter Gropius e la Bauhaus. Turin, 1951.

Giedion, S. Walter Gropius. London, 1954.

Gropius, W. The New Architecture and the Bauhaus. New York, 1936.

Hansen (C. F.)

Hansen, C. F. Samling af forskjellige offentlige og private Bygninger. Copenhagen, 1847.

Langberg, H. Omkring C. F. Hansen. [Copenhagen] 1950.

Rubow, J. C. F. Hansens arkitektur. Copenhagen, 1936.

Hansen (T.)

Niemann, J., and Feldegg, F. von. Theophilus Hansen und seine Werke. Vienna, 1893.

Hastings

Gray, D. Thomas Hastings: Architect. Boston, 1933.

Herholdt

Fisker, K. Omkring Herholdt. Copenhagen, 1943.

Hittorff

Normand, A. Notice historique sur ... J. I. Hittorff, architecte. Paris, 1867.

Hitzig

Hitzig, F. Ausgeführte Bauwerke. 2 vols. Berlin [1850].

Hoffmann

Kleiner, L. Josef Hoffmann. Berlin, 1927.

Veronesi, G. Josef Hoffmann. Milan, 1956.

Weiser, A. Josef Hoffmann. Geneva, 1930.

Hood

North, A. T. Raymond M. Hood. New York, 1931.

Hooker

Root, E. Philip Hooker. New York, 1929.

Horta

Madsen, S. T. ‘Horta: Works and Style of Victor Horta before 1900’, Architectural Review, CXVIII (1955), 388-92.

Howe

(See Note [486] to Chapter 23.)

Hübsch

Hübsch, H. Bauwerke. Karlsruhe, 1842.

Valdenaire, A. Heinrich Hübsch. Karlsruhe, 1926.

Hunt

Schuyler, M. ‘The Works of the late Richard Morris Hunt’, Architectural Record, V (Oct.-Dec., 1895), 97-180.

Huvé

Le Normand. Notice biographique sur J.-J.-M. Huvé. Paris, 1853.

Jacobsen

Pederson, J. Arkitekten Arne Jacobsen. Copenhagen, 1957.

Jappelli

Carta Mantiglia, R. ‘Giuseppe Jappelli, Architetto’, L’Architettura, I (1955), 538-51.

Pevsner, N. ‘An Italian Miscellany—Pedrocchino and Some Allied Problems’, Architectural Review, CXX (1957).

Jefferson

Kimball, F. Thomas Jefferson, Architect. Boston, 1916.

Johnson

Jacobus, J. M. Philip Johnson. New York, 1962.

Kahn

Nelson, G. The Industrial Architecture of Albert Kahn. New York, 1939.

Klenze

Klenze, L. von. Sammlung architektonischer Entwürfe. 10 pts. Munich, 1830-50.

de Klerk

Kramer, P. M. de Klerk. Wendingen, VI (1924), Nos 4 and 5.

Kornhäusel

Thausig, P. Joseph Kornhäusel. Vienna, 1916.

Labrouste (H.)

Souvenirs d’Henri Labrouste: notes recueillies et classées part ses enfants. Paris, 1928.

Laloux

Cox, H. B. ‘Victor Laloux; the Man and his Work’, Architects’ Journal, LI (1920), 555-7.

Langhans

Hinrichs, W. Karl Gotthard Langhans. Strassburg, 1909.

Latrobe

Hamlin, T. F. Benjamin Henry Latrobe. New York, 1955.

Laugier

Herrmann, W. Laugier and Eighteenth-Century French Theorists. London, 1962.

Le Bas

Vaudoyer, L. Notice historique sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. Le Bas. Paris, 1869.

Le Corbusier

Boesiger, W. Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret: Œuvre complète. 6 vols. Zurich, 1937-57.

Boesiger, W., and Ginsberger, H. Le Corbusier His Works 1910-1960. New York, 1960.

Le Corbusier. My Work. London [1960].

Papadaki, S. (ed.). Le Corbusier: Architect, Painter, Writer. New York, 1948.

Ledoux

Ledoux, C.-N. L’Architecture considérée sous le rapport de l’art, des mœurs et de la législation. Paris, 1804. [Reprint], 2 vols. Paris, 1962.

Raval, M., and Moreux, J.-Ch. C.-N. Ledoux. Paris, 1945.

See also Boullée.

Lefuel

Delaborde, H. Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. Lefuel. Paris, 1882.

Lethaby

‘William Richard Lethaby, 1857-1931; a Symposium in Honour of his Centenary’, Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, LXIV (1957), 218-25.

Loos

Glück, F. Adolf Loos. Paris, 1931.

Kulka, H. Adolf Loos, das Werk des Architekten. Vienna, 1931.

Münz, H. Adolf Loos. Milan, 1956.

Lurçat

André Lurçat; projets et réalisations. Paris, 1929.

Lutyens

Butler, A. S. G. The Architecture of Sir Edwin Lutyens. 3 vols. London, 1950.

Hussey, C. The Life of Sir Edwin Lutyens. London, 1950.

Weaver, L. Houses and Gardens by E. L. Lutyens. London, 1913. Second edition 1921.

Maillart

Bill, M. Robert Maillart. Zurich, 1949.

Mackintosh

Howarth, T. Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the Modern Movement. London, 1952.

Pevsner, N. Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Milan, 1950.

Mackmurdo

Pevsner, N. ‘Arthur H. Mackmurdo’, Architectural Review, LXXXIII (1938), 141-3.

Pond, E. ‘Mackmurdo Gleanings’, Architectural Review, CXXVIII (1960), 429-31.

McKim, Mead & White

A Monograph of the Work of McKim, Mead and White. 4 vols. New York, 1915-25.

Mendelsohn

Mendelsohn, E. Briefe und Auszeichnungen eines Architekten, 8 vols. 1961.

Whittick, A. Eric Mendelsohn. 2nd ed. London [1956].

Erich Mendelsohn: das Gesamtschaffen des Architekten. Berlin, 1930.

Mengoni

Ricci, G. La Vita e le opere dell’ architetto Giuseppe Mengoni. Bologna, 1930.

Messel

Behrendt, W. C. Alfred Messel. Berlin, 1911.

Mies van der Rohe

Bill, M. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Milan, 1955.

Drexler, A. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. New York, 1960.

Johnson, P. Mies van der Rohe. 2nd ed. New York, 1953; German ed., Stuttgart [n.d.].

Hilbersheimer, L. Mies van der Rohe. Chicago, 1956.

Mills

Gallagher, H. Robert Mills. New York, 1935.

Nash

Davis, T. The Architecture of John Nash. London, 1960.

Summerson, J. N. John Nash, Architect to George IV. London, 1935.

Nervi

The Works of Pierluigi Nervi. [Stuttgart] and London, 1957.

Argan, G. C. Pierluigi Nervi. Milan, 1955.

Nervi, P. Costruire correttamente. Milan, 1955.

Nesfield

Brydon, J. M. ‘William Eden Nesfield, 1835-1888’, Architectural Review, I (1897), 235-7, 283-95.

Creswell, B. ‘William Eden Nesfield, 1835-1888: An Impression’, Architectural Review, II (1897), 23-32.

Neutra

McCoy, E. Richard Neutra. New York, 1960.

Zevi, B. Richard Neutra. Milan, 1954.

Richard Neutra, Buildings and Projects. Zurich, 1955.

Newton

Newton, W. G. The Work of Ernest Newton, R.A. London, 1923.

Niemeyer

Papadaki, S. The Work of Oscar Niemeyer. New York, 1950.

Papadaki, S. Oscar Niemeyer: Works in Progress. New York, 1956.

Papadaki, S. Oscar Niemeyer. New York, 1960.

Olbrich

Architektur von Professor Joseph M. Olbrich. 3 vols. Berlin, 1903-7.

Lux, J. A. Josef Maria Olbrich. Vienna, 1919.

Veronesi, G. Josef Maria Olbrich. Milan, 1948.

Oud

Architect J. J. P. Oud. Rotterdam, 1951.

Hitchcock, H.-R. J. J. P. Oud. Paris, 1931.

Veronesi, G. J. J. Pieter Oud. Milan, 1953.

Paxton

Chadwick, G. F. The Works of Sir Joseph Paxton. London [1961].

Markham, V. Paxton and the Bachelor Duke. London, 1935.

Percier and Fontaine

Fouché, M. Percier et Fontaine. Paris, 1905.

Perret

Champigneulle, B. Auguste Perret. Paris, 1959.

Collins, P. Concrete—The Vision of a New Architecture, pt. III. London, 1959.

Jamot, P. A.-G. Perret et l’architecture du béton armé. Paris and Brussels, 1927.

Rogers, E. Auguste Perret. Milan, 1955.

Architecture d’aujourd’hui, 1932 (special issue on A. Perret).

Persius

(See Note [53] to Chapter 2).

Piranesi

Focillon, H. G. B. Piranesi. Paris, 1918.

Platt

Cortissoz, R. Monograph of the Work of Charles A. Platt. New York, 1913.

Poelzig

Heuss, T. Hans Poelzig. Berlin, 1939.

Pugin

Ferrey, B. Recollections of A. N. Pugin and His Father A. Pugin. London, 1861.

Gwynn, D. Lord Shrewsbury, Pugin and The Catholic Revival. London, 1946.

Trappes-Lomax, M. Pugin, a Mediaeval Victorian. London, 1932.

Reidy

Franck, K. The Works of Affonso Eduardo Reidy. New York, 1960.

Giedion, S. The Works of Eduardo Affonso Reidy. New York, 1960.

Revett. See Stuart.

Richardson

Hitchcock, H.-R. The Architecture of H. H. Richardson and His Times. 2nd ed. Hamden, Conn., 1961.

Van Rensselaer, M. G. Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works. Boston and New York, 1888.

Rietveld

Brown, T. M. The Work of G. Rietveld. Utrecht, 1958.

Rohault de Fleury

Rohault de Fleury, C. Œuvre. Paris, 1884.

Roux-Spitz

Roux-Spitz, M. Réalisations, 1924-39. 2 vols. Paris [n.d.].

Saarinen

Christ-Janer, A. Eliel Saarinen. Chicago, 1948.

Sant’ Elia

Banham, P. R. ‘Sant’ Elia’, Architectural Review, CXVII (1955), 295-301; CXIX (1956), 343-4.

Mariani, L. ‘Disegni inediti di Sant’ Elia’, L’Architettura, I (1955-6), 210-15, 704-7.

Schinkel

Griesebach, A. Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Leipzig, 1924.

Pevsner, N. ‘Schinkel’, Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, LIX (1952).

Rave, P., and others. Karl Friedrich Schinkel Lebenswerk, vol. [I]-. Berlin, 1941-.

Schinkel, K. F. Sammlung architektonischer Entwürfe ... Berlin, 1819-40.

Wolzogen, A. F. von. Aus Schinkels Nachlass. 3 vols. Berlin, 1862-4.

Scott (G. G.)

Scott, G. G. Personal and Professional Recollections by the late Sir George Gilbert Scott. London, 1879.

Scott (Baillie)

Scott, M. H. B. Houses and Gardens. London, 1906.

Selva

Bassi, E. Giannantonio Selva, architetto veneziano. Padua, 1936.

Semper

Ettlinger, L. Gottfried Semper und die Antike. Halle, 1937.

Semper, G. Der Stil in den technischen und architektonischen Künsten. Frankfurt, 1860.

Shaw

Blomfield, Sir R. Richard Norman Shaw, R.A. London, 1940.

Pevsner, N. ‘Richard Norman Shaw’, Architectural Review, LXXXIX (1941), 41-6.

See also Webb.

Soane

Bolton, A. T. The Works of Sir John Soane. London, 1924.

Bolton, A. T. The Portrait of Sir John Soane. London, 1927.

Stroud, D. The Architecture of Sir John Soane. London [1961].

Summerson, J. N. ‘Soane: the Case-History of a Personal Style’, Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, LVIII (1951), 83-9.

Sommaruga

L’Architettura di Giuseppe Sommaruga. Milan, 1908.

Soufflot

Mondain-Monval, J. Soufflot. Paris, 1918.

Street

Hitchcock, H. R. ‘G. E. Street in the 1850s’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, XIX (1960), 145-72.

Street, A. E. Memoir of George Edmund Street. London, 1888.

Strickland

Gilchrist, A. A. William Strickland: Architect and Engineer. Philadelphia, 1950.

Gilchrist, A. A. ‘Additions to William Strickland Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, XIII (Oct., 1954), sup. 1-16.

Stuart

Lawrence, L. ‘Stuart and Revett; their Literary and Architectural Careers’, Journal of the Warburg Institute, II (1938), 128-46.

Sullivan

Connely, W. Louis Sullivan as He Lived. New York, 1960.