G.
Galen, his list of Categories, 103.
Gellius, A., his distinction of Exoteric and Akroamatic books, 50.
Generable, the senses of, 637.
Generation, the doctrine of, 598 seq., 620.
Generatione et Corruptione, Treatise de, connected with what other works, 54, 653 n.
Genus, is Second Essence, 63; or more strictly Third Essence, 67; in a Demonstration, 219; division of a, 250; one of the Predicables, 276, 284; dialectical Loci bearing on, 302 seq.; not often made subject of debate, but important for Definition, 302; distinguished from Differentia, 312; perfect definition through, and Differentiæ, 333; easier to attack than to defend, 352; is Matter in a definition, 604; logically prior to the Species, 607.
Geometry, use of diagrams in, 167, 618; præcognita required in, 212.
Gorgias, style of, 22.
Gryllion, sculptor named in Aristotle’s will, 19.
Gymnastics, as part of education, 544.
H.
Habere, Category, 66, 73; sometimes dropt by Aristotle, 74, 80; entitled with the others to a place, 78; refers primarily to a Man, 79; is also understood more widely by Aristotle, 79, 103; exclusively so by some Aristotelians, 80; ranked fifth by Archytas, 80.
Habitus and Privatio, case of Opposita, 104, 105.
Hamilton, Sir W., on Modals in Logic, 130, 200; wavers in his use of the term Common Sense, 565; points on which he misrepresents Aristotle, 565, 566; real question between, and the Inductive School, 567; the passages upon the strength of which he numbers Aristotle among the champions of authoritative Common Sense, examined seriatim, 568 seq.
Happiness, Aristotle’s definition of, examined, 501 seq.; happiness of the individual and of society distinct, 517.
Hearing, operated through a medium, 167.
Heart, organ of Sensation generally, 464, 472, 474, specially of Touch, 472.
Heaven (Kosmos), always in action, 617; uppermost place in, assigned to the Gods, 632; revolving in a circle, cannot be infinite, 633; no body outside of, 634, 636; there cannot be more than one, 634; different senses of, 636; ungenerated and indestructible, 637-39; directions in the, 640; whence the number of revolutions in, 641; necessarily spherical, 611, 645; motion of, uniform, 642.
Heavy, distinguished from Light, 631.
Heitz, Emil, takes ground against V. Rose on the catalogue of Diogenes, 32; refers it to Alexandrine literati, 34, 40.
Herakleitus, philosophy of, inconsistent with the Maxim of Contradiction, 427, 429, 592; disregarded data of experience, 436, 444; position of, inexpugnable by general argument, 443; his view of the soul, 449; his view of the world of sense and particulars, 551; not a dialectician, 551; Maxim of Contradiction defended by Aristotle specially against, 579; the doctrine of, makes all propositions true, 592; must yet admit an infinite number of false propositions, 592; held the Kosmos to be generated and destroyed alternately, 636.
Hermeias, despot of Atarneus and Assos, friend of Aristotle, 4; commemorated after death by Aristotle in a hymn and epigram, 5, 12, 13.
Hermippus, drew up catalogue of pupils of Isokrates, 21; probable author of the catalogue in Diogenes, 34, 35.
Herpyllis, second wife of Aristotle, 17, 18.
Hipparchus, friend of Aristotle, 17.
Hippokrates, his quadrature of the circle, 381.
Hobbes, his definition of Accident, 62.
Homer, made intelligence dependent on sense, 588.
Homo Mensura, doctrine of Protagoras, held by Aristotle to be at variance with Maxim of Contradiction, 430 seq., 580, 587 seq.
Homonymous things, 57.
Homonymy (Equivocation), Fallacy of, 385; how to solve, 407.
Hypereides, executed, 12.
Hypothesis, Syllogisms from, 160, 168; as a principle of Demonstration, 215, 221.
I.
Iamblichus, defended Aristotle’s Categories, 563.
Ideas, Platonic Theory of, not required for Demonstration, 221; as set forth by Plato himself, 553; psychological ground for, 554; objections urged against, in Sophistes and Parmenides, 556 seq.; objections urged by Aristotle against, 558; allusions to in books of the Metaphysica, 595, 598, 600, 603, 606, 607, 612, 617, 619, 620.
Idem, three senses of, 277, 350; a topic in First Philosophy, 584.
Identity, Maxim of, among the præcognita of Demonstration, 212.
Idomeneus, letter to, from Epikurus, 654.
Ignoratio Elenchi, Fallacy of, 387; all fallacies may be brought to, 390; how to solve, 412.
Immortality, not of the individual, 462, 489, 490.
Immoveable, essence, subject of Ontology, also of Mathematics, 423, 593, 619; Prime Movent, 624.
Impossibile, Reductio ad, see Reductio.
Impossible, The, senses of, 638; differs from the False, 638.
Induction, sole proof of the rules for converting propositions, 146, 147; everything believed through Syllogism or upon, 187, 194, 226; the Syllogism from or out of, 187 seq.; the opposite of genuine Syllogism, 190; plainer and clearer to us, than Syllogism, 191; Aristotle’s attempt to reduce, to syllogistic form, 192, 193; wanting in the first requisite of Syllogism — necessity of sequence, 193, 197; presupposed in Syllogism, 194; the antithesis of, to Syllogism, obscured by Aristotle’s treatment, 198, 199; as part of the whole process of Scientific Inference, 199, 201; true character of, apprehended by Aristotle, but not followed out, 199, 200; Logic of, neglected by the expositors after Aristotle till modern times, 200; requisites to a Logic of, 201; supplies the premisses of Demonstration, starting from particulars of sense, 226, 258, 259, 562, 576; repeated and uncontradicted, gives maximum of certainty, 260; process of, culminates in the infallible Noûs, 259-61; procedure by way of, in Dialectic, 358; most suitable to a young beginner in Dialectic, 374.
Inductive School, exact question between the, and Sir W. Hamilton, 567.
Infinite, the, exists only potentially, not actually except in a certain way for our cognition, 615; no body is, 632 seq.
Intellect, see Noûs.
Intellectus Agens, relation of, to the Patiens, 488, 489; eternal and immortal, but not in the individual, 488, 489.
Intellectus Patiens, relation to the Agens, 488, 489; belongs to and perishes with the individual, 488, 489.
Interpretatione, Treatise de, not named, but its contents presupposed, in Analytica and Topica, 56; subject of, how related to subject of Categoriæ, 57, 59, 108, 109; last section of, out of connection, 134; contains first positive theory of Proposition, 136; summary of, 139.
Interrogation in Dialectic and in Science, 222.
Irregularity, principle of, in the Kosmos, see Chance.
Isokrates, corresponded with Nikokles, 7, 23; his rhetorical school, 21; his style of composition and teaching, 22; attacked by Aristotle, 24; defended by Kephisodorus, 24.
J.
Jacere, Category, 66, 73; sometimes dropt by Aristotle, 74, 80; entitled with the others to a place, 78; refers primarily to a Man, 79.
Justice, definition of, 531; view of the Pythagoreans respecting, 533.
K.
Kallimachus of Alexandria, drew up tables of authors and their works, 34.
Kallisthenes, recommended by Aristotle to Alexander, 9.
Kallistratus, his skolion on Harmodius and Aristogeiton, 13.
Kassander, pupil of Aristotle, 9.
Kephisodorus, defended Isokrates against Aristotle, 24, 272 n.
Knowledge, of the Universal with error in particulars, 182; three modes of, 184; two grades of — Absolute, Qualified, 212; of Fact, of Cause, 223; proper, is of the Universal, 235; versus Opinion, 236, 573.
Kosmos, principles of regularity and irregularity in, 114; see Heaven.
Kratylus refrained from predication, and pointed only with the finger, 429 n., 580, 590.
L.
La Mennais, on Common Sense, 567.
Lamian War, 12.
Language, significant by convention only, 109; as subservient to the growth of intellect, 484, 576.
Leukippus, affirmed motion to be eternal, 623; atomic doctrine of, 634.
Light, distinguished from Heavy, 631.
Light, takes no time to travel, 466.
Loci, in Dialectic, nature of, 283; distribution of, according to the four Predicables, 284; bearing on Accident, 285 seq.; bearing on Expetenda and Fugienda as cases of Accident, 296 seq.; bearing on Genus, 302 seq.; bearing on Proprium, 313 seq.; bearing on Definition, 329 seq.; belonging to Sophistic, 382, 403.
Locomotion, Animal, produced by Noûs and Appetite, 493.
Logic, importance of Aristotle’s distinction of the Equivocal in, 57; deals with Ens in what senses, 61; blended with Ontology in the Categories, 62; connection of, with Psychology, 110; deals with speech as Enunciative, 111; first presented scientifically by Aristotle, 130; properly includes discussion of Modals, 130 seq.; distinction of Contradictory and Contrary fundamental in, 136; use of examples in, 167; Aristotle’s one-sided treatment of, in subordinating Induction, 200; as combining Induction and Deduction, 201; Mr. J. S. Mill’s system of, in relation to Aristotle’s, 201; Aristotle’s claim to originality in respect of, 420; line between, and Ontology, not clearly marked by Aristotle, 422; Sokrates first broke ground for, 426; subjective point of view chiefly taken by Aristotle in, 578.
Lucian, uses word “esoteric,” 52.
Lucretius, only extant Epikurean writer, 654.
M.
Madvig, his view of “exoteric discourse,” 49.
Mathematics, theoretical science, subject of, 423, 593.
Matter, a variety of Cause, 246, 611; joint-factor with Form in the intellectual generation of the Individual, 445, 598 seq.; and Form, distinction, of, a capital feature in Aristotle’s First Philosophy, 454, 595 seq. (from Metaph. Book Z onwards); relation of, to Form, 455, 456; as the Potential, 455, 615 seq.; various grades of, 456.
Mechanics, place of, in Aristotle’s philosophy, 54.
Megarics, allowed no power not in actual exercise, 614.
Memory, Tract on, and Reminiscence, 475; nature of, as distinguished from Phantasy, 475; distinguished from Reminiscence, 476; phenomena of, 477.
Menedêmus, disallowed negative propositions, 136.
Meno, Platonic, question as to possibility of learning in, 212.
Menœkeus, letter to, from Epikurus, 654.
Mentor, Persian general, drove Aristotle from Mitylene, 5.
Metaphysics, in modern sense, covers Aristotle’s Physica and Metaphysica, 422.
Metaphysica, name not used by Aristotle, 54, 59; relation of the, to the Physica, 54, 422; characteristic distinction of the, 422.
Meteorologica, connected with what other works, 54.
Metrodorus, third husband of Aristotle’s daughter, 20.
Middle term in Syllogism, literal signification of, 148; how to find a, 157 seq.; the Why of the conclusion in Demonstration, 219; power of swiftly divining a, 237; fourfold question as to, in Science, 239; as Cause, 246.
Mieza, school of Aristotle there, 6.
Mill, Mr. J. S., on the Ten Categories, 90 n.; his system of Logic, in relation to Aristotle’s, 198-201; on indemonstrable truths, 229 n.
Milton, his description of Realism, 552.
Mitylene, Aristotle spent some time there, 4.
Modal Propositions, form of Antiphasis in, 127; excluded by Hamilton and others from Logic, 130; place of, in Formal Logic vindicated, 131; Aristotle’s treatment of, not satisfactory, 133, 138; doctrine of, related to Aristotle’s Ontology and Physics, 133; disadvantageously mixed up with the Assertory, 138, 143, 154; in Syllogism, 204.
Modes of Figure, 149; see Figure.
Moon, spherical, 646; motions of, 647.
Motion, Zeno’s argument against, paradoxical, 365; the kinds of local, 593.
Motus, under Opposita, 104.
Movent, The Immovable Prime, 624 seq.
Music, necessary part of education, 545.
Myrmex, slave or pupil of Aristotle, 19.
N.
Nature, sum of the constant tendencies and sequences within the Kosmos, 114, 117; objective correlate to the Necessary Proposition in Logic, 133; Generation from, 598.
Naturalia Parva, complementary to the De Animâ, 54.
Necessary, The, as a mode affecting Antiphasis, 126 seq.; relation of, to the Possible, 127, 205; a formal mode of Proposition, 131; why it may be given up as a Mode, 206.
Necessity, in what sense Aristotle denies that all events happen by, 116.
Negation, disjunction of subject and predicate, 111; through what collocations of the negative particle obtained strictly, 118 seq., 169; real and apparent, 122; see Contradictory, Antiphasis.
Neleus, inherited library of Theophrastus, and carried it away to Skêpsis, 36; heirs of, buried his library for safety, 36.
Nikanor, son of Proxenus, ward and friend of Aristotle, bore Alexander’s rescript to the Greek cities, 11; executor, and chief beneficiary, under Aristotle’s will, 17-20; married Aristotle’s daughter, 20.
Nikokles, correspondent of Isokrates, 7.
Nikomachus, father of Aristotle, medical author and physician to Amyntas, 2; son of Aristotle, 17, 18.
Nominalism, main position of, clearly enunciated by Aristotle, 484 n.; scholastic formula of, 555.
Non Causa pro Causâ, 388; how to solve, 413.
Non-Ens, in the sense of Falsehood, 60, 108; Accident borders on, 98, 593.
Non per Hoc, the argument so called, 179; Fallacy of, 388.
Notion, the general, as a cause and creative force, 422.
Notiora, nobis v. naturâ, 197, 215, 239, 332.
Noun, function of the, 109, 110, 130; the indefinite, 118, 124.
Noûs, the unit of Demonstration or Science, 231; the principium of Science or scientific Cognition, 236, 259; unerring, more so even than Science, 259, 491, 577; stands with Aristotle as terminus and correlate to the process of Induction, 260, 578; (Noëtic soul) distinct from, but implying, the lower mental functions, 461, 479; independent of special bodily organs, 479, 481, 487; how related to the Celestial Body, 481, 487; the form or correlate of all cogitables — Form of Forms, 482, 486; limited in its function, as joined with sentient and nutritive souls, 482, 484; differently partaken of by man and animals, 483; growth of, 484; not clearly separated by Aristotle from Phantasy, with which it is in its exercise bound up, 485; distinguished from Sense, 486; of the Soul, an unlimited cogitative potentiality, like a tablet not yet written on, 487, 491; function of, in apprehending the Abstract, 488, 490; has a formal aspect (Intellectus Agens) and a material (Patiens), 489; in what sense immortal, 489; in what sense the principia of Science belong to, 491; analysis, selection, and concentration of attention, the real characteristics of, 492; Theoretical, Practical, 493; cogitation and cogitatum are identical in, 627.
Number, analogy of Definition to, 611.
Nutritive soul, functions of, 461; origin of, 480.
O.
Objection (Enstasis), 202; response to false, in Dialectic, 366.
Ontology, starts from classification of Entia, 59, 61; Science of Ens quatenus Ens, how named by Aristotle, 59; opposed as the universal science to particular sciences, not to Phenomenology, 59; blended with Logic in the Categories, 62; logical aspect of, as set forth by Aristotle, 127; of Aristotle’s predecessors, 97, 108, 551 seq.; has Dialectic as a tentative companion, 273; not clearly distinguished from Logic and Physics by Aristotle, 422; highest of Theoretical Sciences, subject of, 423, 593; treats of Ens in two senses specially, 424, 425; also critically examines highest generalities of Demonstration, 425, 579; Aristotle’s advance in, upon Plato, 445, 561; an objective science, 579.
Opinion, opposed to Science, in Plato, 207; in Aristotle, 207, 236, 573; wanting to animals, 475.
Opposita, four modes of, 104; included under, rather than including, Relativa, 104; should be called Opposite-Relativa, 105.
Opposition, Contradictory and Contrary, 111; squares of, Scholastic and Aristotelian, 137 n.
Oppositis, Treatise de, by Aristotle, lost, 134.
Organon, The, meaning of, as applied to Aristotle’s logical treatises, 55; what it includes, 56; not so specified by Aristotle, 56; Aristotle’s point of view throughout, 578.
Organa, or Helps to command of syllogisms in dialectical debate, 278; use of the, 282; relation of the, to the Loci, 283.
Ὅρος, Term, applied both to subject and to Predicate in Analytica, 141.
Ὅτι, Τό, see Fact.