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Artistic Anatomy of Animals

Chapter 29: Transcriber’s Notes:
By Édouard Cuyer
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ArtScience - Biology

About This Book

A practical manual for artists presenting comparative anatomy of animals to improve representation. It offers detailed descriptions of bones and joints (trunk, fore- and hind-limbs, and avian skull), the muscles of trunk, limbs and head, and the epidermal coverings of extremities, together with chapters on proportions and the paces of the horse. The text emphasizes careful observation, uses examples and reproduced sketches alongside diagrams and plates, and aims to complement human anatomical study by clarifying structural variations, mechanics of movement, and proportional principles useful for accurate artistic depiction.

Transcriber’s Notes:

  • Footnotes have been moved to underneath the paragraph, table or illustration they refer to.
  • Illustrations have been moved so as to not disrupt the flow of the text. Page numbers in the List of Illustrations and in references are therefore not always correct. The hyperlinks point directly to the illustrations, and page numbers in references to illustrations have not been hyperlinked.
  • The Table of Contents and the Sectional Index are not complete and contain slightly different wording than the names of sections in the text. This has been left as in the original work.
  • The Errata have already been changed in the text.
  • Terms such as natural size are not valid for this e-text.
  • Depending on the browser used an its setting, not all characters may be display correctly.
  • The author uses the terms chromophotograph and chronophotograph (and derivations of these words); these words have not been changed. The correct term in these cases is chronophotograph.
  • Page 143, Fig. 69: atlas is mentioned twice (nrs. 12 and 13); only nr. 13 indicates the atlas.
  • The text used is that of the original work, including inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation and lay-out, and differences between main text, footnotes and captions, except when mentioned below.
  • Changes made to the text:
    • Some minor obvious typographical errors have been corrected silently.
    • Periods have been removed from some section headings for consistency.
    • Page 2, footnote [2]: Mathias-Duval changed to Mathias Duval (full name: Mathias-Marie Duval).
    • Page 23: see replaced with see for consistency.
    • Page 44 (footnote): Edward Cuyer changed to Édouard Cuyer as elsewhere.
    • Page 53, sub-captions (2x): AA1 changed to AA′ as in drawing and text
    • Page 120, Fig. 63: 14′ is malar bone, 14 is anterior orifice of the cavity of the nasal fossæ (see previous figures).
    • Page 140, Fig. 61: 0 changed to 20.
    • Page 216: tendo-Achilles changed to tendo-Achillis as elsewhere.
    • Page 234: Fig. 0, 92 changed to Fig. 90, 2.
    • Page 250, Fig. 95: nr. 2 added to drawing.
    • Page 269, last paragraph: one anchor to same footnote deleted.
    • Page 277, Fig. 98: epternal changed to external.
    • Page 325: L, D, L’, D’ changed to L, D, L′, D′
    • Footnotes 13, 17: La Natura changed to La Nature