Astronomy

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

		Page
	Frontispiece to Volume—Photograph of the Moon.


SECTION I.—HISTORY.
	Frontispiece—The Observatory at Nice	2


SECTION II.—GEOMETRICAL ASTRONOMY.

	Frontispiece—The Lick Refractor of Thirty-Six Inches Aperture	40
Fig.
1.—	Rough Measurement of Earth’s Diameter	43
2.—	Horizons at Two Places on the Earth	44
3.—	Foucault’s Pendulum Experiment	49
4.—	Sun’s Rays—Day and Night	52
5.—	Atmospheric Refraction	54
6.—	Apparent Paths of Sun at Equinoxes and Solstices	56
7.—	Aberrational Orbit of a Star	58
8.—	The Sun’s Altitude in Summer and Winter	62
9.—	The Sun’s Altitude at the Equinoxes	63
10.—	The Midnight Sun	64
11.—	Altitude and Azimuth	66
12.—	Right Ascension, Declination, etc.	69
13.—	Elliptic Form of Earth’s Orbit	72
14.—	The Ellipse	73
15.—	How to draw an Ellipse	74
16.—	Illustrating Kepler’s Second Law	76
17.—	Effect of Obliquity of Ecliptic upon the Equation of Time	81
18.—	The Moon’s Phases	90
19.—	The Lunar Month	91
20.—	The Moon’s Rotation	93
21.—	The Moon’s Nodes	94
22.—	Position of Ecliptic at Sunset at Vernal Equinox	96
23.—	Movement of an Interior Planet	99
24.—	Morning and Evening Stars	100
25.—	Movement of an Exterior Planet	103
26.—	Apparent Paths of Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta, in 1896	104
27.—	Opposition of Mars	105
28.—	Elements of an Elliptic Orbit	107
29.—	The Earth’s Shadow	110
30.—	The Lunar Ecliptic Limit	112
31.—	Eclipses of the Sun	114
32.—	Duration of a Solar Eclipse	115
33.—	Track of Eclipse of April 16, 1893	117
34.—	Determination of Latitude	124
35.—	Ancient Mode of measuring Latitude	125
36.—	Triangulation	132
37.—	Movements of the Earth’s Pole, 1890–95	138
38.—	Parallax of a Heavenly Body	140
39.—	Diameter of a Heavenly Body	142
40.—	Measurement of the Moon’s Distance	143
41.—	Relative Distance of Venus	145
42.—	The Parallax of Mars	147
43.—	The Transit of Venus	148
44.—	The Moon’s Curvilinear Path	155
45.—	The Tides	163
46.—	Nutation	169
47.—	Section of Reading Microscope	172
48.—	The Reading Microscope	173
49.—	The Achromatic Object-Glass	177
50.—	The Newtonian Reflector	179
51.—	The Cassegrain Reflector	181
52.—	The Photographic Telescope	196
53.—	The Meridian Circle of the Paris Observatory	203
54.—	The Micrometer applied to a Binary Star	208
55.—	The Spectroscope adapted to the Eye End of the Lick Telescope	221


SECTION III.—THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

	Frontispiece—Donati’s Comet	228

1.—	Photograph of a Sun-spot	243
2.—	Sun-spots and Magnetic Variations	246
3.—	Curves showing the Development of Sun-spots	257
4.—	Eruptive Prominence	264
5.—	The same, 18 minutes later	265
6.—	The Eclipsed Sun	267
7.—	The Corona of January 1, 1889	269
8.—	Map of Mercury	276
9.—	Venus, from a drawing by Mascari	280
10.—	Map of the Moon	291
11.—	Photograph of the Totally Eclipsed Moon	296
12.—	Chart of Mars	300
13.—	The “Eye of Mars”	302
14.—	The Oases of Mars	304
15.—	Jupiter, showing the Red Spot	322
16.—	Photograph of Jupiter	328
17.—	Transit of Jupiter’s first Satellite	330
18.—	Saturn and his Rings	335
19.—	Great Comet of September, 1882	361
20.—	Donati’s Comet	363
21.—	Photograph of Swift’s Comet	374
22.—	The same, 24 hours later	375
23.—	Photograph of Holmes’ Comet	378
24.—	Photograph of Brooks’ Comet	381


SECTION IV.—THE SIDEREAL HEAVENS.

	Frontispiece—Nebula in Andromeda 31 Messier	398

1.—	Stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere	401
2.—	Stars visible in the Southern Hemisphere	403
3.—	Diagram showing “Solar Apex” as roundly computed	429
4.—	Apparent Orbit of Zeta Herculis	436
5.—	Apparent Orbit of the Companion of Sirius	439
6.—	Apparent Orbit of 70 Ophiuchi	443
7.—	Triple Stars	451
8.—	The Temporary Star of 1572	481
9.—	The Double Star Cluster in Perseus	503
10.—	Star Cluster in Gemini	504
11.—	37 Messier	505
12.—	Star Cluster in Hercules	507
13.—	The Star Cluster, Omega Centauri	512
14.—	The Orion Nebulæ	521
15.—	The Nebula round Eta Argus	523
16.—	The Trifid Nebula, Sagittarius	525
17.—	Spiral Nebula, 51 Messier	533
18.—	Magellanic Clouds	537
19.—	Photograph of Milky Way, Sagittarius	555
20.—	The Milky Way	557

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS