INDEX
- A
- Aberration of light, discovered, 18;
- Aboul Wefa, the moon’s variation, 5
- Acceleration, 152
- Achromatic lens, 177
- Adams, 449;
- Aerolites. See Meteorites
- Airy, reduction of Greenwich observations, 19;
- search for Neptune, 32
- Albategnius, movement of the sun’s apogee, 5
- Albedo of Mercury, 274;
- Alcor, 402
- Alcyone, 499–502
- Aldebaran, 403, 404, 407, 415, 421, 423, 427
- Algol, 407, 415, 453, 457, 469–474
- Almagest, 4, 6
- Al-Mamûm’s school of astronomy at Baghdad, 5
- Alphard, 409, 415
- Alphonsine tables, 6
- Al-Sûfi, description of the stars, 5;
- Altair, 404, 427
- Altazimuth, 184, 202
- Altitude, 65
- Amplitude, 66
- Anderson, Dr., discovery of new star, 489
- Andromeda nebula, 409, 529–532
- Andromedæ, Gamma, 412, 417
- — Nova, 489, 491
- Andromede meteor-showers, 393, 394
- Angelot, lunar volcanic action, 293
- Annular eclipse, 113
- — nebulæ, 526, 527
- Antares, 404, 415
- Anthelmus, new star, 484
- Antlia, 468
- Aphelion, 75
- Apogee, 89
- Apse Line, 75
- Aquilæ, Eta, 467
- Arago, nature of meteorites, 392;
- parallax of 61 Cygni, 422
- Arc of meridian, 130
- Arcturus, 403, 405, 406, 415, 423, 427
- Argelander, solar translation, 28;
- Argo Nebula, 522, 523, 549
- — Eta, 462–464
- Argon, not a solar element, 250;
- Aries, first point of, 67
- Aristarchus, heliocentric system, 4
- Aristotle, description of a comet, 358
- Asteroids, position in solar system, 229, 230, 310;
- Asterope, 498, 499
- Astronomy, Greek, 3, 4;
- Astrophysics, foundation of, 36
- Atmosphere, of the sun, 240, 271;
- Atmospheric refraction, 52
- Augmentation of moon’s diameter, 144
- Aurigæ Beta, 404, 454, 456, 457
- — New Star, 489
- Auroræ, magnetic relations, 17, 288
- Auwers’ reduction of Bradley’s observations, 19;
- proper motion of Sirius, 437
- Azimuth, 65
- B
- Babinet, rarity of cometary matter, 366
- Baden-Powell, Sir George, eclipse-expedition, 259;
- coronal photographs, 271
- Bailey, Prof., 441, 464, 511, 513, 539
- Ball, Sir Robert, 422, 433
- Barnard, Prof., photograph of corona of January 1, 1889, 268–9;
- effect of totality, 270;
- zodiacal counterglow, 272;
- photograph of eclipsed moon, 296;
- drawing of Mars, 302;
- seas of Mars, 306;
- measurements of asteroids, 312;
- markings on Jupiter’s satellites, 330;
- discovery of fifth satellite, 331;
- measures of Saturn, 335;
- of ring-system, 330;
- disappearance of rings, 337;
- eclipse of Japetus, 338;
- compression of Uranus, 343, 344;
- Encke’s comet, 366;
- comet-photographs, 378–381;
- Swift’s comet, 383;
- Nova in Auriga, 494;
- Alcyone, 500;
- curved nebulosity stretching over constellation of Orion, 520;
- annular nebulæ, 526;
- stars in streams, 551;
- vacancies in the Milky Way, 554
- Base line, 131
- Baxendell, 484
- Bayer, 404, 529
- Behrmann, 400, 433, 541
- Bellatrix, 408
- Bélopolsky, spectrographic determination of Jupiter’s rotation, 325;
- Berberich, variability of Encke’s comet, 360
- Berson, aeronautic ascent, 286
- Bessel, Fundamenta Astronomiæ, 19;
- Betelgeuse, 404, 408, 415, 427
- Bianchi, 459
- Bianchini, rotation of Venus, 280
- Biela, discovery of a comet, 365
- Bigelow, theory of Zodiacal Light, 272
- Binary stars, 431
- Biot, meteoric fall, 387
- Bird, quadrants, 19, 20
- “Bird, Red,” 415
- Birmingham, 417, 485, 486
- “Blaze Star,” 485, 487
- Bliss, astronomer-royal, 19
- Bode’s law, 145, 232, 311, 317, 349
- Boeddicker, Dr., heat-phases of eclipsed moon, 295
- Bolometer, 226, 239
- Bompas, 430
- Bond, W. C., discoveries of Hyperion and of Saturn’s dusky ring, 25, 336, 341;
- Bradley, discoveries of aberration and nutation, 18, 20;
- Brahé, Tycho, the moon’s variation, 5;
- Bredichin, theory of comets’ tails, 369, 370.
- (See also Tycho.)
- Brenner, ashen light of Venus, 279;
- rotation of Venus, 280
- Brightest stars, 403, 404, 546
- Brinkley, 422
- British catalogue, 15, 16
- Brooks’ cometary discoveries, 365, 371, 380
- Bunsen, foundation of spectrum analysis, 33
- Burnham, 433, 437, 441, 448, 509
- C
- Calcium, represented in Fraunhofer spectrum, 230;
- Calendar, 86
- Callandreau, capture of comets, 372
- Campbell, Prof., spectrum of Mars, 306;
- mountains on, 307
- Canals of Mars, 301–305
- Cancri, S., 474
- — Zeta, 439, 440
- Canis Majoris, R, 473
- Canopus, 403
- Capella, 403, 406, 415, 427
- Capricornus, 411
- Capture-theory of comets, 372
- Carbon in sun, 242, 250;
- Cardinal points, 51
- Carrington, sun-spot zones, 247;
- Casey, 433
- Cassegrain telescope, 180
- Cassini, rotation of Venus, 280;
- Cassiopeia, Chair of, 405, 481, 549
- Cassiopeiæ, Eta, 413, 450
- Castor, 404, 406, 413, 450, 451
- Catalogues of stars, 70
- Celoria, 433, 442, 540
- Centauri, Alpha, 410, 413, 422, 440, 441
- — Omega, 512, 513, 516, 539
- — R, 478
- Cephii Delta, 417, 456, 466
- — U, 474
- Ceraski, luminous night-clouds, 286;
- discovery of U Cephei, 474
- Ceres, discovery, 311;
- diameter, 312
- Cerulli, rotation of Venus, 280
- Ceti, Mira, 458
- Challis, search for Neptune, 32
- Chandler, 462, 472, 476
- Charlois, asteroidal discoveries, 314
- Chemistry, universal, 35, 36;
- Chromosphere, 253, 258
- Chronograph, 175
- Chronometer, 175
- Circle, meridian, 198;
- Circumpolar stars, 46
- Clairaut, verification of Newton’s law, 11;
- calculation of Halley’s comet, 16
- Clark, Alvan, great refractors, 26
- — — G., detection of the companion of Sirius, 26, 437
- Clarke, dimensions of earth, 134
- Clausen, groups of comets, 361
- Clerke, Agnes, appearance of R Sculptoris, 416;
- Clock, astronomical, 174;
- Clock stars, 82
- Clusters, globular, 507–517;
- irregular, 497–507
- “Coal sacks” in Milky Way, 554
- Coelostat, 194
- Collimation of transit instrument, 200
- Collimator of spectroscope, 215
- Colours of double stars, 417
- Comæ Berenices, 434, 502, 549
- Comet, Aristotle’s, 352, 353;
- — Halley’s, return in 1759, 16, 17;
- — Encke’s, disturbed by Mercury, 273;
- — of 1811, structure, 356, 357;
- — of 1843, surprising appearance, 358;
- conditions of movement, 359
- — of 1882, photographs, 38, 361;
- Comet, Biela’s, discovery, 365;
- — Wells, spectrum, 368
- — photographically detected, 377
- Comets, orbits of, 108;
- periodic, 109;
- domiciled in solar system, 230, 371, 372;
- granular nuclei, 353, 379, 384;
- tenuity, 354, 384;
- classification by Olbers, 358, 383;
- groups, 359, 361, 362;
- disruption, 360, 366, 379;
- photographs, 361, 377, 380;
- chemistry, 368, 370, 385;
- luminous by electricity, 309, 384;
- lost, 370;
- short-period, 370, 371;
- capture by planets, 371, 372, 384;
- share sun’s translation, 372;
- meteoric relationships, 384, 393, 394
- — tails, multiple, 354, 355, 361, 377;
- Common, Dr., 25, 510, 520, 532, 534
- Conjunctions, 99, 103
- Constant of aberration, 59
- Constellations, 45
- Contacts in eclipse, 114
- Copeland, Dr., cometary spectra, 368;
- Copernicus, residence in Italy, 7;
- Cornelius, Gamma, 479
- Corona Borealis, Eta, 437
- — — Gamma, 442
- — solar, 253;
- Coronium, 238, 262
- Co-tidal lines, 165
- Coudé telescope, 27, 296
- Crateris, R, 478
- Craters, lunar, 292, 307
- Crema meteorite, 386
- Cross, Southern, 410, 416, 549
- Crosswires, 195, 199, 206
- Crucis, Kappa, 506
- Cygni Beta, 417
- — Chi, 460
- — (34), 482
- — (61), 422, 427
- — Rho, new star near, 486
- — Y, 474
- Cygnus, 407
- D
- D’Alembert, verification of Newton’s Law, 11
- D’Arrest, asteroidal orbits, 316;
- Darwin, G. H., tidal friction, 236;
- Day and night, 52
- — apparent solar, 79;
- mean solar, 79
- Declination, 66
- De la Rue, celestial photography, 36, 295
- Delphini, Beta, 435
- — Gamma, 412
- Deneb, 407
- Denning, rotation of Saturn, 334;
- Density of earth, 160
- Deslandres, prominence-photography, 261;
- Dewar, atmospheric resistance to meteorites, 388
- Dhurmsala meteorite, 389
- Diameters, determination of, 141
- Diamonds in meteorites, 390
- Diffraction grating, 216
- Direct movement, 89
- — vision spectroscope, 216
- Distance of the stars, 417
- Doberck, Dr., 441, 442, 447, 450, 451
- Dollond, invention of achromatic lenses, 21
- Donati, discovery of a comet, 362;
- cometary spectrum, 368
- Double-slit method of photography, 261
- Draconis, Gamma, 419, 420
- Draper, Henry, photograph of the moon, 36
- Dubjago, 435
- Dunér, spectroscopic measurement of the sun’s rotation, 249;
- E
- Earth, shape of, 41, 134;
- Easton, 532, 548
- Eccentricity of ellipse, 74
- Eclipse, solar, of 1842, 253;
- Eclipses, lunar, 111;
- Ecliptic, 56
- — obliquity of, 61
- Electrical theory of photospheric radiance, 242;
- Electra, 498, 499
- Elements of an orbit, 106
- Elevating floor, 193
- Elger, lunar maria, 290
- Elkin, Dr., transit of great comet, 359;
- Ellipse, properties of, 73;
- Elliptical nebulæ, 529–533
- Elongations, 99
- Encke, discovery of a comet, 366;
- resisting medium, 367
- Enoch, Book of, 404
- Equation of time, 79
- Equator, terrestrial, 50;
- celestial, 66
- Equatorial coudé, 193
- Equatorial telescope, 185
- Equinoxes, 55;
- Equulei, Delta, 433
- Eridani, (40), 444
- Espin, 460, 482, 494
- Establishment of a port, 165
- Ether of space, 546
- Euler, lunar theory, 11
- Evening star, 100
- Evolution, of solar system, 235, 310;
- Eye-pieces, 182
- F
- Fabricius, 458, 483
- Fabry, cometary orbits, 372
- Faculæ, associated with sun-spots, 244;
- Faye, planetary origin, 235, 350;
- water on Mars, 299
- Fényi, solar eruptions, 259, 260
- Finder of telescope, 187
- First Point of Aries, 67
- Fixed stars, 45, 423
- Flammarion, rotation of Venus, 280;
- Flamsteed, first astronomer-royal, 15;
- Fleming, Mrs., 460, 465, 489, 494–496
- Fletcher, 447
- Fomalhaut, 404
- Fontana, pseudo-satellite of Venus, 282
- Forbes, ultra-Neptunian planets, 231
- Foucault’s pendulum, 48–50
- Fraunhofer, improvement of telescopes, 21;
- solar spectrum mapped by, 34
- Fraunhofer lines, 34, 249, 259, 271;
- Fritsche, 433
- Frost, spectrograph of Uranus, 346
- Froley, 434
- G
- Galaxy. See Milky Way
- Galileo, telescopic observations, 9;
- Gaseous nebula, 517
- Gemini, star cluster in, 504
- Geminorum, Zeta, 468
- Gemma, Cornelius, 479
- Gemmill, 554
- Geocentric positions, 70
- Geodesy, 129
- Gill, Dr., photographs of comet of 1882, 38, 361;
- Glasenapp, 433–434
- Gledhill, red spot on Jupiter, 323
- Globular clusters, 507
- Gnomon, 125
- Goodricke, 465, 466, 470
- Gould, Dr., photographic measurement of the Pleiades, 37;
- Graduated circles, 171
- Grating spectroscope, 216
- Gravity, surface, on Mercury, 274;
- Gravitation, laws of, 153;
- universal, 156
- Greenwich observations, 15, 19, 20
- Groombridge, 424
- Grosch, corona of 1867, 268
- Grubb, Sir Howard, great refractors, 26
- — Thomas, Melbourne reflecting telescope, 24
- Guinand, optical glass, 21
- Gully, Ludovic, 488
- Gylden, 423
- Gyroscope, 50
- H
- Hadley, improvement of reflecting telescopes, 21
- Hale, spectrographs of prominences, 261;
- Hall, Prof. Asaph, discovery of the moons of Mars, 26, 309;
- rotation of Saturn, 334
- — Chester More, invention of achromatic lenses, 20
- — Maxwell, 472
- Halley, law of gravitation, 10;
- Harding, 548
- Hartwig, 488
- Harvest moon, 95
- Heavens, diurnal motion of, 45
- Heis, 400, 401, 541
- Heliocentric positions, 70
- Heliometer, 209
- Helium, a chromospheric element, 255, 258;
- extracted from clevite, 255
- Helmholtz, maintenance of sun’s heat, 234;
- past duration of sunlight, 285
- Hencke, asteroidal discoveries, 314
- Henderson, 422, 447
- Henry’s belts of Uranus, 343
- Hepidannus, 479
- Herculis, Alpha, 413, 416
- — Zeta, 435
- — Z, 475
- Herschel, Sir John, mathematical analysis at Cambridge, 15;
- observations of nebulæ, 23, 31;
- Magellanic clouds, 30, 31;
- survey of the heavens, 31;
- photography of sun-spots, 36;
- telescope, 180;
- great spot-group in 1837, 244;
- cyclonic theory of sun-spots, 252;
- Halley’s comet, 355;
- comet of 1843, 358;
- Biela’s comet, 365;
- red stars, 416;
- orbit of Gamma Virginis, 446;
- Kappa Crucis, 506;
- 2 Messier, 511–512;
- 22 Messier, 514;
- nebula round Eta Argus, 522–523;
- 30 Doradus, 524;
- the trifid nebula, Sagittarius, 525;
- planetary nebula, 528–529;
- the Nubecula Major, 534–536;
- Milky Way, crossed by zone of large stars, 552;
- observations in the Southern Hemisphere, 554
- — Sir William, the sun’s translation, 19, 28;
- reflecting telescopes, 21–23;
- discovery of Uranus, 21, 22;
- of binary stars, 28;
- comprehensive designs, 27, 29;
- nebular theory, 30, 35;
- rotation of Jupiter’s satellites, 331;
- variability of Japetus, 341;
- discovery of Uranian moons, 347;
- binary stars, 419, 431;
- motion real and apparent, 428;
- Zeta Herculis, 435;
- Xi Ursæ Majoris, 440;
- 70 Ophiuchi, 441;
- 5 Messier, 510
- Hevelius, 459, 462, 484
- Hind, 433, 474, 482, 484
- Hipparchus, construction of a star catalogue, 3;
- mathematical standpoint, 4
- Holden, Prof., solar rotation, 249;
- Holmes, discovery of a comet, 379
- Holwarda, Phocylides, 458
- Hooke, law of gravitation, 10;
- Horizon, visible, 41;
- Horrebow, satellite of Venus, 282
- Hour circle, 186
- Howlett, depression of sun-spot umbræ, 251
- Huggins, Dr., stellar and nebular spectra, 35;
- photographed, 37;
- observations of prominences, 255;
- daylight coronal photography, 267;
- prismatic occultation of a star, 294;
- spectrum of Mars, 306;
- of Jupiter, 326;
- of Uranus, 345;
- of Winnecke’s comet, 368;
- spectrograph of Tebbutt’s comet, 368;
- measurement of motion in the line of sight, 426;
- spectroscopic examination of new star, 493;
- spectroscopic examination of the “fish-mouth” nebula, 518;
- discovery of gaseous spectrum, 528
- Humboldt, meteoric shower of 1799, 392;
- temporary star of 1572, 479–481
- Hussey, cometary forms, 380;
- photograph of Rordame’s comet, 383
- Huygens, 417, 517
- Hyades, 407, 549
- Hydræ, R, 462
- Hydrogen, ultra-violet spectrum in stars, 37;
- Hypothesis of external galaxies, 546
- I
- Infinity of Space, 546
- J
- Jacob, 433, 447
- Jacoby, measures of photographs, 37
- Janssen, photograph of the sun, 243;
- Japetus, remarkable eclipse, 338;
- Jesse, luminous night-clouds, 286
- Job, Book of, 404
- Johnson, 450
- Juno, discovery, 311;
- Jupiter, long inequality, 12, 17;
- Jupiter’s satellites, Galilean quartette, 9, 327, 328;
- K
- Kapteyn, 422, 556, 561–563
- Keeler, drawings of Jupiter, 321;
- Kelvin, Lord, subterranean temperature, 285
- Kepler’s Laws, 10, 155, 339, 417
- Kirch, 460, 470, 510
- Kirchhoff, spectrum analysis, 33;
- Fraunhofer’s lines, 34
- Kirkwood, distribution of asteroids, 316, 317;
- divisions in Saturn’s rings, 338
- Kleiber, number of shooting stars, 390
- Koch, 461
- Kreutz, relations of great southern comets, 360
- Krüger, 442
- L
- Lacaille, southern nebulæ, 30
- Lagrange, verified principle of gravitation, 11;
- stability of solar system, 13
- Lajoye, 488
- Lamp, fate of Brorsen’s comet, 370
- Lane’s law, 242
- Langley, solar radiation, 238, 239;
- Laplace, verified Newton’s law, 11;
- Lassell, large reflectors, 24;
- Latitude, terrestrial, 50, 125;
- Leland, Miss, 511
- Leonid meteors, 391–395
- Leonis, Gamma, 413
- — R, 461
- Lepaute, Madame, computation of Halley’s comet, 16
- Leverrier, discovery of Neptune, 32;
- Lewis, 426
- Libræ, Delta, 473
- Librations, of Mercury, 277;
- Lick observatory, 25, 26
- Light-equation, 329
- “Light journey,” 420
- Limited number of visible stars, 538, 545
- Limiting apertures, 212
- Lippershey, inventor of the telescope, 9
- Lockyer, spectroscopic observations at the sun’s limb, 254;
- Loewy, Coudé telescope, 27;
- lunar photography, 296
- Longitude, terrestrial, 50, 125;
- celestial, 68
- Lowell, rotation of Mercury, 277;
- Luminous night-clouds, 286
- Lunar distances, 129
- — ecliptic limit, 112
- Lyncis (12), 450
- Lyra, annular nebula in, 526
- Lyræ, Beta, 465
- Lyraid meteors, 393, 395
- M
- Maclear, 464
- Mädler, search for Martian moons, 309;
- compression of Uranus, 343
- Madrid meteorite, 385
- Magellanic clouds, 30, 534–537
- Magnetism, terrestrial, 287, 288
- Magnitude, of eclipses, 113;
- of stars, 212
- Magnitudes, star, 403, 404
- Mann, 433
- Maps, 133
- Maraldi, 462, 470, 511
- Marchand, observations of the Zodiacal Light, 273
- Markwick, Col., 547
- Mars, phases of, 104;
- Marth, Neptune’s satellite, 350
- Mascari, rotation of Venus, 280
- Maskelyne, astronomer-royal, 19;
- Mass, defined, 151;
- Maunder, 460, 488, 493
- Maxwell, Clerk, constitution of Saturn’s rings, 337, 340
- Mayer, Tobias, lunar tables, 11;
- star-motions, 28
- Mazapil meteorite, 396
- Measurement, of earth, 42, 129;
- Mécanique Céleste, character, 13, 14
- Megrez, 402
- Mercury, Copernican theory of movements, 8;
- Meridian, 50;
- Merope, 498, 499
- Messier (3), 509
- — (5), 510
- — (11), 506
- — (22), 514
- — (37), 505
- — (51), 533
- — (57), 526
- — (80), new star in, 485
- — (92), 509
- — (99), 534
- — discoveries of nebulæ, 30
- Metonic cycle, 92
- Meteoric systems, 231, 390, 391;
- Meteorites, falls, 385–387;
- Meteors, Perseid, 391, 393;
- Micrometer, wire, or pillar, 205;
- evolution of, 207
- Michell, prevision of binary stars, 28
- Midnight sun, 63
- Milky Way, 402, 430, 555, 557
- — — star streams, 9;
- disc theory, 29
- Minimum deviation, 215
- Mira Ceti, 458, 459
- Mitchell, 421, 431
- Mizar, 402, 411, 455, 457
- Molyneux, 419, 420
- Montanari, 471
- Month, 91
- Moon, acceleration, 12;
- contumax sidus, 16;
- observations, 19;
- apparent motion of, 87;
- orbit of, 88, 94;
- phases of, 89;
- sidereal period of, 89;
- synodic period of, 91;
- rotation of, 92;
- librations of, 93;
- harvest, 95;
- high and low, 97;
- shadow of, 115;
- distance of, 143;
- size of, 144;
- mass of, 158;
- possible disintegration, 233;
- origin, 236, 237;
- rotation, 289;
- cones and craters, 290, 292, 293;
- rays and rills, 293;
- absence of air and water, 294, 313;
- temperature, 294, 295;
- eclipses, 295;
- photography, 295–297
- Morning star, 100
- Müller, surface of Mercury, 275;
- Muscæ, R, 468
- N
- Nadir, 45
- Nasir Eddin, planetary tables, 5
- Nasmyth, conjunction of Mercury and Venus, 278
- Nearest fixed stars, 417
- Nebula, Orion, 23, 25, 30
- Nebulæ, structure, 23;
- Nebular hypothesis, 30, 35, 235, 530
- Nebulous stars, 529
- Neptune, discovery, 32, 229;
- Neptune’s satellite, discovery, 24;
- Newall, 25-inch refractor, 26
- Newcomb, Prof., past duration of sunlight, 285;
- New stars, 477–497
- Newton, H. A., capture of comets, 372;
- — Sir Isaac, law of gravitation, 10, 11;
- Newtonian telescope, 179
- Nichol, Dr., 508
- Niesten, rotation of Venus, 280;
- mass of asteroids, 315
- Nodes, 94
- North polar distance, 66
- Nova Andromedæ, 488
- — Aurigæ, 489
- — Cassiopeiæ, 479
- — Cygni, 486
- — Ophiuchi, 484
- — Serpentarii, 483
- — Vulpeculæ, 484
- Nubecula Major, 534
- — Minor, 535
- Number of visible stars, 538–544
- Nutation, 169
- O
- Oases of Mars, 302–305
- Object-glass, achromatic, 177;
- Objective prism, 223
- Obliquity of ecliptic, 61
- Observatories, 191
- — Lick, 189, 190, 202
- — Nice, 192
- — Yerkes, 189
- Occultations, 121
- — of stars, by the moon, 294;
- by comets, 366
- Olbers, discovery of Pallas and Vesta, 311;
- Ophiuchi, Nova, 483–485
- — (70), 441
- — U, 473, 476
- Opposition, 103, 105
- Orbit, of earth, 72, 76;
- Orion, 406, 408, 417
- — great nebula in, 517–521
- Orionis, Alpha (Betelgeuse), 404, 408, 415, 427
- — Iota, 414
- — Sigma, 414
- — Theta, 414
- “Owl,” nebula, 528
- P
- P (34) Cygni, 482
- Palisa, discoveries of asteroids, 314
- Palitzsch, 470
- Pallas, discovery, 311;
- diameter, 312
- Parallax of stars, 419, 420
- — diurnal, 140;
- Parmentier, distribution of asteroids, 316
- Pegasus, Square of, 409
- Pegasi, Kappa, 433
- — (85), 434
- — U, 469
- Pendulum observations, 135;
- compensated, 174
- Penumbra, of earth’s shadow, 111
- Percentage of stars in Milky Way, 547, 548
- Perigee, 89
- Perihelion, 75
- Perrotin, rotation of Venus, 280;
- Persei, Beta (Algol). See Algol
- Perseid meteors, 391;
- associated with Tuttle’s comet, 393
- Perseus, 407
- — star clusters in, 503
- Perturbations, 158
- Peters, 428
- Phases of moon, 89;
- Phocylides Holwarda, 458
- Photographic telescopes, 194
- Photography of nebulæ, 23, 25, 38;
- of sun-spots, 36, 243, 244;
- of the moon, 36, 295–297;
- of stellar spectra, 37;
- of comets, 38, 354, 377–383;
- celestial, 194;
- of spectra, 219, 223;
- of the eclipsed sun, 254;
- of the reversing layer, 259;
- of prominence-spectra, 260;
- of prominences and faculæ, 261, 262;
- of the corona, 267, 269–271;
- planetary, 327; meteoric, 396
- Photoheliograph, 197
- Photometers, wedge, 213;
- meridian, 214
- Photosphere, visible structure, 242
- Piazzi, five-foot circle, 20;
- discovery of Ceres, 311
- Pickering, Prof. E. C., photometric measures of asteroids, 312;
- Pickering, W. H., lunar photographs, 296;
- Pigott, 467
- “Pilgrim star,” 479–482
- Planetary nebulæ, 527–529
- Planets, apparent movements of, 98;
- interior and exterior, 98;
- conjunctions of, 99, 103;
- phases of, 101, 104;
- oppositions of, 103;
- synodic periods of, 107;
- times of revolution, 107;
- relative distances of, 144;
- distances of, 150;
- terrestrial, 229;
- giant, 229, 319, 343;
- trans-Neptunian, 231;
- intra-Mercurian, 232;
- decay, 233;
- comets captured by, 371, 372
- — minor. See Asteroids
- Pleiades, 404, 407, 497–502, 539, 549
- Pleione, 498
- “Plough,” 400–402, 405
- Plummer, short-period comets, 371;
- Encke’s, 372
- Podmaniczky, Baroness, 488
- Pogson, 485
- Polar axis, 185
- Polaris. See Pole Star
- Pole, celestial, 46; terrestrial, 50;
- movements of, 138
- Pole Star, 46, 405, 412, 421, 427
- Pollux, 404, 406, 415, 427
- Pond, defects of Greenwich quadrant, 19;
- astronomer-royal, 20
- Position, angle, 208;
- circle, 208
- Poynting’s experiment, 160
- Præsepe, 502
- Precession, of equinoxes, 69;
- Prime vertical, 210
- Principia, publication, 10, 13;
- character, 14
- Prism, action of, 215;
- objective, 223
- Prismatic camera, 223
- — spectroscope, 215
- Pritchard, Prof., 422, 424
- Proctor, Saturn’s rings, 341;
- Procyon, supposed satellite, 31, 32;
- Prominences, solar appendages, 253, 254;
- “Proper motions” of stars, 423–431
- Ptolemaic system, 3, 4, 6
- Q
- Quadrature, 105
- R
- Rambaud, absorption in solar atmosphere, 240;
- fireball, 380
- Ramsay, terrestrial discovery of helium, 255
- Ramsden, astronomical circles, 20
- Raynard, the sun a nebulous body, 253;
- Ravené, gravitational disturbance by asteroids, 315
- R Centauri, 478
- Reading microscope, 172
- Recurrence of eclipses, 119
- “Red Bird,” 415
- Red spot on Jupiter, 323, 324
- Red stars, 416
- Reduction of observations, 18, 19
- Refracting telescope, 176
- Refraction, 52
- — in Venus, 278
- Reflecting telescope, 178
- Regression of moon’s nodes, 94
- Regulus, 406, 410, 427
- Retrogradation, 89, 103
- Reversing layer, 249, 258, 271;
- photographed, 259
- Rich and poor regions, 549
- Richaud, 440
- Rigel, 404, 414, 427
- Right ascension, 66
- Roberts, Dr., 23, 107, 502, 503, 508, 511, 520, 525–528, 530, 533, 534, 539, 540
- Roberts, A. W., 440, 441, 469
- Roche, minimum distance of satellites, 340
- Römer, velocity of light, 329
- Rosse, Earl of, giant reflector, 24
- Roszl, mass of 311 asteroids, 315
- Rotation of earth, 47, 48;
- of moon, 92
- Rowland grating, 217
- — solar elements, 250
- Russell, photograph of Swift’s comet, 377;
- Rutherfurd, photographs of the moon, 295
- S
- Sacrobosco, treatise on the sphere, 6
- Sagittarii, Zeta, 434
- Saros, 120
- Satellites, movements of Satellites, 108;
- masses of Satellites, 159
- — discoveries, 9, 23, 25, 26, 309, 347;
- Saturn, density, 333;
- Saturn’s ring-system, dusky member, 25, 336, 338;
- Sawyer, U Ophiuchi discovered, 473;
- variability of R Canis Majoris detected, 473
- Schaeberle, photographs of corona of 1893, 270;
- land and water on Mars, 306
- Scheiner, spectra of sun-spots, 251
- Schiaparelli, rotation of Mercury, 275;
- Schiehallion experiment, 161
- Schmidt, map of the moon, 290
- Schönfeld, 461, 464, 466, 467, 473, 483
- Schorr, 442
- Schur, 433, 442
- Schuster, photograph of eclipsed sun, 268
- Schwabe, discovery of sun-spot periodicity, 245
- Seasons, 61
- Secchi, observations of prominences, 256;
- spectrum of Uranus, 345
- See, Dr., 413, 433–435, 440, 442, 447, 448
- Seeliger, photometric measures of Saturn’s rings, 339
- Serpentarii, Nova, 483
- Sextant, 211
- Shackleton, photograph of the reversing layer, 259
- Ship, position of, 128
- “Sickle” in Leo, 406
- Siderostat, 194
- Sidgreaves, elevations of chromosphere, 258
- Sirius, proper motion, 17, 31;
- Smyth, 447, 448, 502, 505, 508
- Solar, constant, 239
- — diagonal, 183
- — eclipses, 113
- — ecliptic limit, 118
- — System, dominated by gravity, 29;
- Southern Cross, 410, 416, 549
- Shouting, 68, 198
- Spectroheliograph, 225
- Spectroscope, prismatic, 215;
- Spectroscopic measurements of rotation;
- Spectrum, solar, 34, 250;
- Spherical excess, 133
- Spica, 404, 410
- Spiral nebulæ, 533, 534
- Spoerer, solar rotation, 249
- Star of Bethlehem, 101
- Star-charting, photographic, 38
- — cluster, 17
- — spectroscope, 219
- — time, 68
- Stars, temporary, 3, 8, 477;
- Stationary points, 103
- Stone, mass of Titan, 342
- Stoney, G. Johnstone, atmospheres of planets, 313
- Stratonoff, sun’s rotation from faculæ, 249
- Suess, theory of lunar formations, 292
- Sun, translation, 28, 229;
- apparent movements of, 55, 77;
- midnight, 63;
- apparent diameter of, 72;
- mean, 79;
- eclipses of, 113;
- distance of, 146;
- mass of, 156;
- maintenance of heat, 234;
- radiative power, 237–239, 241, 242;
- temperature, 239, 240;
- magnitude, 240, 241;
- luminous surface, 242;
- spots, 243–249, 251, 252;
- periodicity, 246;
- rotation, 247–249;
- chemistry, 250;
- theories, 252
- Sun-dial, 78
- Sun’s motion in space, 428
- Sun-spots, observed by Galileo, 9;
- Sutton, 553
- Swift, Lewis, comet discovered by, 377, 378, 383
- Sykora, elevation of spotted areas on the sun, 252
- Synodic period, of moon, 91;
- of planets, 107
- T
- Tacchini, spectrum of Venus, 279;
- rotation, 280
- Talcott’s latitude method, 124
- Tauri, Alpha. See Aldebaran
- — Lambda, 473
- Tebbutt’s comet, 362, 368
- Telescope, invention of, 9;
- achromatic, 20, 21;
- reflecting, 21, 24, 25, 178;
- refracting, 20, 25–27, 176;
- future improvement, 26, 27, 297;
- Newtonian, 179;
- Cassegrain, 180, 181;
- Herschellian, 180;
- Skew Cassegrain, 181;
- magnifying power of, 184;
- illuminating power of, 184;
- altazimuth, 184;
- equatorial, 185;
- Rosse, 187;
- Common, 5-foot, 188;
- Lick, 190;
- fixed, 194;
- photographic, 194
- Telespectroscope, 219
- Tempel, 501
- “Temporary stars,” 477–497
- Theodolite, 205
- Thiele, 435, 447, 451
- Thome, comet of 1887, 360
- Tidal evolution, 167
- Tidal friction, 166;
- Tides, 162;
- Time, apparent, 78;
- Tisserand, revolutions of Jupiter’s fifth satellite, 331;
- Todd, Miss M. L., drawing of corona, 268
- — Prof., trans-Neptunian planet, 231
- Toucani (41), 513
- Transit circle, 198–202
- — instrument, 202
- — of Venus, 101, 148
- Triangulation, 53
- Troughton, instrumental improvements, 19, 20
- Trouvelot, mountains of Venus, 279;
- rotation, 280
- Twilight, 53
- Tycho Brahé, 5, 8, 9, 405, 418, 479, 481, 529
- U
- Ulugh Beigh, observations at Samarcand, 5
- Umbra of earth’s shadow, 111
- Uranus, discovery, 22, 229;
- Ursa Major, stars in, 400, 401
- Ursæ Majoris, Xi, 440
- V
- Variation of latitude, 136
- Variable stars, 458
- Vega, 403, 406, 414, 422, 427
- Venus, phases observed by Galileo, 9;
- Vernier, 172
- Very, distribution of lunar heat, 295
- Vesta, discovery, 311;
- Villarceau, 433
- Virginis, Alpha (Spica), 404, 410
- — Gamma, 413, 444–450
- — Tau, 456
- — W, 469
- Visible stars, number of, 538–546
- Vogel, spectrum of Jupiter, 326;
- Volcanic action, terrestrial, 284;
- Von Gothard, 465
- Vulpeculæ, Nova, 484
- — S, 484
- W
- Ward, 488
- Way, Milky, 402, 430, 549, 557
- Webb, 528
- Wedge, photometer, 213
- Weight, defined, 151;
- of the earth, 160
- Wells’ comet, 368
- Williams, A. Stanley, rotation of Venus, 280;
- Wilson, Alexander, depression of sun-spots, 251
- — W. E., temperature of the sun, 240
- Winnecke, 422
- Winnecke’s comet, 368, 371, 372
- Wire micrometer, 205
- Wolf, Max, photographic discovery of asteroids, 314;
- Wrublewsky, 434
- Y
- Year, 85;
- Yendell, 474
- Yerkes, 40-inch refractor, 26, 27
- Young, solar eruption, 256;
- Z
- Zenith, 45
- — telescope, 210
- Zodiac, 60
- Zodiacal Light, 272, 273
- Zöllner, albedo of Mars, 298, 334;
- Zone time, 84