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Australasian Democracy

Chapter 30: M
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About This Book

A close contemporary survey of political institutions, public policies, and social movements across the Australian colonies and New Zealand, examining how liberal parties, labour representation, land settlement, and state intervention responded to economic stress and gold-driven booms. It compares constitutions, upper-house powers, electoral reforms including female suffrage, and industrial arbitration, and discusses provincial differences in land policy, immigration, and labour practices. Chapters cover federation debates, fiscal measures, state enterprises, and a reporter's account of a goldfield visit, all aimed at tracing similarities and contrasts in democratic development and practical governance across the region.

Gold-mining:
  Discovery of gold, effect of, on Australasian Democracy, 244  New South Wales, right of mining on private land obtained by
    Labour Party, 49  New Zealand goldfields, roads and water-races on, Government
    constructing, 105  Victoria, state encouragement 147  Western Australia:
    Coolgardie goldfields [see that title]
    Crown lands, miner's rights on acquiring, 165    Inducements offered to immigrants, 165
Goldstein, Colonel, Honorary Secretary of Leongatha Labour Colony,
Victoria, 151
Government advances to Settlers Act, New Zealand, 99, 118
Government Architect Department of New South Wales--designer of Crown
Lands office receiving less salary than principal messenger, 44
Government Railways Act of 1888, New South Wales, means of diminishing
political pressure, 39
Graduated Death Duties, assessment of, in Australasia, 278
Great Britain:
  Closer union with, Australians' indifference to, 298  Friendly relations with, suggestions for maintaining, 298  Ill-feeling towards, causes of, 296  Sympathy of the middle classes of Australia with, 297
Great Southern Railway, Western Australia, loan for purchase of, 163

H

Hobart, Premiers' conference on Federation of Australasia at, 227
Homesteads Act of 1893, Western Australia, free grants of land offered
to settlers by, 166
Humanitarian Legislation in Queensland:
  Factory Act of 1896, 77  Labour Party's complaint, 74  Royal Commission of inquiry, 77

I

Immigration:
  Chinese Immigration Act of 1887, Tasmania restricting immigration
    of coloured races, 170  Consumptive persons, Bills forbidding immigration of, 295  State-aided immigration, workmen's objection to taxation for, 294, 295  Western Australian goldfields, inducements offered to immigrants, 165
Improved-farm settlements, system of in New Zealand, 111
Income tax:
  Assessment of in:
    New Zealand, 89    South Australia, 17    Tasmania, 181  Property and personal exertion incomes, difference between taxation
    of, 279
Industrial disputes, settling by conciliation [see title Arbitration
and Conciliation]

Inter-provincial conference on Australasian Federation, 214
Irrigation and water supply works, Victoria:
  Failure of, 143  Inadequate preliminary investigations of, 145

J

Juvenile Depravity Suppression Bill, New Zealand, 203

K

Kalgoorlie, visit to, 310
Kanakas:
  Sugar cultivation in Queensland:
    Importation of Kanakas, question as to necessity of, 66    Number employed in, 64    Protection of, 63    Re-engaging after expiration of contracts, 64  Traffic in Kanakas decreasing population of Pacific Islands, 64
Kingston, Right Hon. C. C., 3, 16, 25
Knutsford, Lord, 57

L

Labour Bureau and Casual Labour Board for relieving unemployed in New
South Wales, 45
Labour Parties:
  Legislative Councils attacked by, 273  New South Wales:
    "Caucus" meetings, 51    Electoral Reform policy, 49    Gold, right of mining on private land obtained by, 49    "Solidarity," vote of, 50    Tariff question, disagreement on, 49    Taxation of land values obtained by, 50  New Zealand, 263  Queensland:
    Electoral reform policy, 75    Failure of, 74    Grievances against Government, 74    New Zealand and South-Australian Labour Parties
      compared with, 73    Socialistic tendencies of, 73  South Australia:
    Development and work of, 3    Liberals working in connection with, 4, 263    Queensland Labour Party compared with, 74  Victoria, 263
Labouring classes:
  Building societies, labouring classes availing themselves of, 260  Condition of, on the whole satisfactory, 301  Foreign Competition:
    Great Britain, hostility towards in consequence of, 296    Labouring classes' opposition to, 293  Larrikinism of Melbourne and Sydney, exaggeration of, 301  Protection, labouring classes in favour of, 292  South Australian education, secular character of, effect
    on labouring classes, 32  Thriftiness of, 258
Land Act of 1893, Victoria, for relief of unemployed, 149
Land for Settlements Acts, New Zealand authorising repurchase or
exchange of lands, 93-97
Land Grant railways, 251  Tasmania, for encouragement of private enterprise, 181  Western Australia, 162
Land tax, assessment of in:
  New Zealand, 88  South Australia, 17
Legislative Assembly:
  Australian Provinces, continuity of representation in, means
    of obtaining, 276  Conflicts between Legislative Assembly and Legislative
    Council [see that title]
  New South Wales, salary of members, 48  South Australia:
    Elected on basis of Adult Suffrage, 2    Salary of members, 2  Victoria:
    Committee to consider advisability of Australasian
      Federation, appointed by, 214    Elected on basis of Manhood Suffrage, 122    Salary of members, 122  Western Australia:
    Salary--members receiving no salary, 158
Legislative Council:
  Conflicts between Legislative Assembly and Legislative
    Council [see that title]
  Labour Parties' attacks on, 273  New South Wales and Queensland, members nominated for life
    without salary, 121  South Australia:
    Property qualification:
      Electors', 2      Members not subjected to, 28    Salary of members, 2  Tasmania:
    Property qualification not required for membership, 122    Salary of members, 122  Victoria:
    Property qualification of members, 122    Public expenditure, Legislative Council failing to
      check extravagance of, 126  Western Australia:
    Property qualification:
      Electors', 157, 158      Members not subjected to, 122    Salary--members receiving no salary, 158
Leongatha Labour Colony in Victoria, 151, 268
Liberals in South Australia working in connection with Labour Party, 4
Licensed Victuallers' Act of 1896, South Australia, proposed
prohibition of employment of barmaids, 191
Life insurance, annuities, &c., in New Zealand, department of the
State, 104
Liquor Legislation, New Zealand:
  Local Option and Licensing Committee polls placed on basis of
    adult suffrage, 198  National prohibition of licenses proposed, 201  Prohibition and reduction of licenses, results of voting on, 200  Temperance movement, prominence of, effect of Female Suffrage, 194
Local land boards for disposal of Crown lands, New Zealand, 117
Lotteries in Tasmania unaffected by Betting and Gaming Act, 171, 172

M

McPherson, Mr. J. A., leader of Labour Party in South Australia, 5
Maoris of New Zealand:
  Conflicts of 1860 with European settlers, 84  Improvement in relations with Europeans, 84  Lands obtained by Europeans from:
    Pre-emptive right of the Crown, 83    Validation Court for considering titles to, 84  Sovereignty of New Zealand ceded by, 83
Meat and Dairy Produce Encouragement Act of 1893, pastoral industries
of Queensland assisted by, 71
Melbourne waterworks, 143, 145
Midland Railway, Western Australia, 162
Murtho--village settlement of South Australia, success of, 11

N

National Council of Women, New Zealand, resolution passed by, 204
Native-born Australians, increase in proportion of, 297
Nelson, Right Hon. Sir Hugh, 60, 79, 253
New South Wales:
  Democratic Government established in, 48  Federal Council: Abstention of New South Wales from, 216  Female Suffrage, result of adopting, 184  Financial extravagance and political pressure in, means of
    diminishing, 34  Free trade policy of, 212  Governor of, receiving commission as Governor-General of
    Australia, 213  Government Architect Department--Designer of Crown Lands
    Office receiving less salary than principal messenger in
    1895, 44  Labour Party [see that title]
  Legislative Assembly, salary of members, 48  Legislative Council, members nominated for life without salary, 121  Unemployed [see that title]

New Zealand:
  Australian provinces and New Zealand, differences of condition
    between, 82  Cheviot estate purchased by the Government, 93  Crown lands:
    Local land boards for disposal of, 117    Sale of, 93  Elective Executive Bill introduced into, 277  Expenditure, reduction of public expenditure, 88  Fair Rent Bill, 103  Federal Council, abstention of New Zealand from, 216  Female Suffrage [see that title]
  Improved-farm settlements system in, 111  Industrial disputes, Boards of Conciliation appointment of, 284  Labour Party compared with Queensland Labour Party, 74  Land for Settlements Act of 1892, authorising repurchase
    or exchange of lands, 95, 97  Legislative Council [see that title]
  Life insurance, annuities, &c., 104  Liquor legislation [see that title]
  Maoris [see that title]
  Mayor of Onehunga, inability of Mrs. Yates to fill position, 208  Pastoral Tenants' Relief Act of 1895, 118  Political patronage, charges brought against Government, 269, 271  Provincial legislatures, abolishing, 83  Public works [see that title]
  Technical instruction in agriculture, &c., by experts, 104  Unemployed [see that title]
  Village settlements [see that title]

Norman, Sir Henry, 61
Northern Railway, Western Australia, course of, 162

P

Parliament of Commonwealth--Constitution Bill for establishing
Federation of Australasia [see that title]

Pastoral industries:
  Queensland:
    Darling Downs industries, success of, 70, 71    Irregularity of employment in, 69    Land tenure, new form of for shearers, 70    Produce, disposal of:
      Financial statement, 1896, extract with reference to, 79      Meat and Dairy Produce Act, assisting, 71  Victoria:
    Protection of the State, 154    Right of selection on pastoral properties dispute--cause
      of conflict between the two Houses, 122, 123
Pastoral Tenants' Relief Act of 1895, New Zealand, 118
Peace Preservation Act of 1894, Queensland, 74
Plebiscite:
  Establishment of in Australasian legislation, 276  Federation of Australasian Provinces, proposed framing of
    new Constitution and referring to, 227  Legislative Council and House of Assembly disputes, proposed
    settlement of by plebiscite, 273  South Australia:
    Bill for establishment of, 29    Educational system, alterations in, question referred
      to plebiscite, 29, 274  Tasmania, Female Suffrage, proposed application of plebiscite
    for, 177, 187
Plural voting:
  South Australia, plural voting forbidden in, 2  Victoria, proposed abolition of, 186  Tasmania, partial abolition of, 173
Political patronage, misuse of, in New Zealand, charges against the
Government, 269, 271
Postal and Telegraphic Department, Parliament of Commonwealth's
exclusive control of, 221
Produce and Export Department:
  Queensland, concessions to producers:
    Financial statement of 1896, extract with regard to, 79    Meat and Dairy Produce Act, 71    Sugar Works Guarantee Act, 65  Relations between, Provinces strengthened by promotion
    of enterprise, 253  South Australia:
    Institution of, 21    Output of the Provinces, means of securing uniformity, 23  Tasmania--Inspection of exported produce, necessity of, 172  Victoria--State advances to producers, 148
Property Qualification:
  South Australian Legislative Council:
    Electors', 2    Members not subjected to, 121, 122  Victorian Legislative Council, 122  Western Australian Legislative Council, 157
Prospecting Boards in gold-mining districts, Victoria, appointment of,
147
Protection:
  Development, result of, 292  Interchange of commodities between the Provinces impeded by
    protective tariff, 212  Labouring classes in favour of, 292  South Australia adopting protective tariff, 24
Provincial Legislatures of New Zealand, abolition of, 83
Public Service Board, New South Wales, for investigating all
departments of Civil Service, 44
Public works:
  New South Wales, Parliamentary Standing Committee of Public
    Works, means of diminishing political pressure in, 40  New Zealand:
    Communication, improving means of, by public works scheme, 85    Co-operative construction, 105    Encouragement of settlement--public works scheme valueless
      without, 120    Railways, preservation of Crown Land for constructing,
      withdrawn by Government, 92  Queensland, facilitating occupation in outlying districts
    by construction of public works, 78  Victoria:
    Audit Commissioners to recover arrears of money due to State,
      proposed authorisation of, 146    Extravagant expenditure, on, 143    Irrigation and water supply works:
      Inadequate preliminary investigations, 145      Liabilities--failure of works to meet their own liabilities, 144    Railway Commissioners' libel action against Mr. David Syme, 143  Western Australia--difficulties of the Government, 160

Q

Queensland--Australian Federation Enabling Bill, rejection of in, 235  Central and Northern Queensland's separation from the South:
    Agitation for, 55    Arguments in favour of, 56    Boundaries adopted by Separationists, 56    Claims of Central Queensland, 56    Constitution Bill, attempt at introducing, 59    Decline of agitation, 61    Federal Convention delegates--proportion of Northern and
      Central Queensland representatives proposed to be sent, 60    Financial Districts Bill, 59    Imperial Government's intervention, Lord Knutsford's reply
      to Northern deputation, 57    Natural products, interchange of between the separated Provinces, 58    Public Debt Liability, 59    Revenue of the districts--Royal Commission of Inquiry into, 59    Supreme Court judges, appointment of, 60  Female Suffrage, result of adopting in, 185  Humanitarian legislation [see that title]
  Labour Party [see that title]
  Legislative Council, members nominated for life without salary, 121  Pastoral industries [see that title]
  Railways, management of by the State, 251  Revenue and expenditure--development of industries by the State, 77  Sugar cultivation [see that title]

R

Radical result of elections after establishment of Female Suffrage in
South Australia and New Zealand, 193
Railways:
  New South Wales, appointment of railway Commissioners, 39  New Zealand, reservation of Crown Lands for constructing,
    withdrawn by Government, 86  Queensland railways, management of by the State, 252  Tasmanian land-grant railways, encouragement of enterprise by, 181  Victoria:
    Extravagant Expenditure on, 142, 246, 249      Railway Commissioners' libel action against Mr. David Syme, 143  Western Australia, 162
Referendum [sec title Plebiscite]

Reid, Right Hon. G. H., 36, 50, 51, 227
Religious bodies, Western Australia, grants to, abolition of, 159
Responsible Government:
  Australasia, advantages and disadvantages of, 264  Western Australia obtaining, 156
Revenue and expenditure:
  Federation of Australasian Provinces--revenue and expenditure
    of Commonwealth, regulations for, 221  New Zealand, reduction of expenditure, 88  Queensland:
    Central and Northern Queensland--revenue of the districts,
      Royal Commission of Inquiry into, 59    Development of industries by the State, 77  Victoria:
    Extravagant expenditure of, 142    Legislative Council's inability to check, 126  Western Australia, causes of improved credit, 167
Rowdiness and drunkenness, absence of among Coolgardie miners, 314
Russell, Captain, misuse of political patronage charges brought against
New Zealand Government by, 269

S

Salaries:
  Australasian Parliaments, effect of salaries on members, 267  Parliament of Commonwealth proposed salary of members of, 220
Salvation Army services at Coolgardie goldfields, 312
Savings Bank returns:
  Individual effort of Australian labouring class demonstrated by, 259  South Australian, 33
Seddon, Right Hon. R. J., 106, 119, 120
Shops in Victoria, hours of closing, 134
Socialism:
  Queensland Labour Party, socialistic tendencies of, 73  State Socialism in Australasia, origin and extent of, 245, 249  "Solidarity" vote of New South Wales Labour Party, 50
South Australia:
  Democratic policy due to Constitution, 2  Dissolution of both Houses after disagreement, success of, 178  Education [see that title]
  Elective Executive, substitution of, advocated, 26  Female Suffrage [see that title]
  Income tax on incomes derived from property or personal exertion,
    distinction between, 279  Industrial disputes, Boards of Conciliation for, 284  Labour Party [see that title]
  Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council [see those titles]
  Legislative measures, 24  Plebiscite [see that title]
  Plural voting forbidden in, 2  Produce Export Department:
    Institution of, 21    Output of the various Provinces, means of securing uniformity in, 23  Progressive Taxation first introduced in, 16  Savings Bank Returns, 33  Tariff question settled in favour of Protection, 24  Village Settlements [see that title]

South-Western Railway, Western Australia, course of, 162
State Farm in New Zealand for relief of unemployed, 113
State Socialism in Australasia, origin and extent of, 245, 249
Stout, Sir Robert, misuse of political patronage, charges brought
against New Zealand Government by, 271
Succession Duties, assessment of in South Australia, 20
Sugar cultivation in Queensland:
  Irregularity of employment in, 69  Kanakas [see that title]
  Modifications in, 64  Sugar Works Guarantee Act, industry developed by, 65
Syme, Mr. David, 153

T