INDEX.
- A
- Abernethy, Dr., the case of, 78
- Abicht, cited, 86
- Abu Simbel, temple of, 58
- Açoka, the edicts of, 44
- Agadê, discoveries in, 8
- Aldus Manutius, of Venice, reintroduces Greek literature into Europe, 295
- Alexander, correspondence of, with Aristotle, 81; recites Euripides, 100; buys books in Athens, 111
- Alexandria, as a book-mart, 116; literary activity of, under the Ptolemies, 127; concentration of existing Greek manuscripts in, 131; the writers of, 132; advantageous position of, 139; publishing methods of, 140
- Alexandrian Canon, the, 134
- Alexandrian Museum and Library, organization of, 128; wholesale purchases for, 131; publishing undertakings of, 141
- Alexandrian School, literature of the, 129
- Alexandrian school of theology, writers of the, 146
- Alexis, writer of comedies, 96
- Alphabet, invention of, in China, 23
- American literature, relations of, with Great Britain, 172
- Anaxagoras, charged with heresies, 97; quoted by Socrates, 98
- Andronicus of Rhodes, 117
- Andronicus of Tarentum, the first Latin playwright, 176
- Antigonus Gonatas sends scribes to Zeno, 113
- Antioch, as a literary centre, 139; the library of, dispersed, 140
- Antipater, the Histories of, 180
- Antiphanes of Rhodes, 103
- Antiquarii, definition of, 183
- Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, the Meditations of, 260
- Apellikon, a collector of books, 117
- Appollonius, work of, on conic sections, 132
- Apuleius, the writings of, 261
- Arabian Nights, the, 49
- Aratus, the astronomer, 132
- Archilochus, 59
- Aretades, the sophist, 69
- Argiletum, the street the booksellers’ quarter, 239
- Aristomenes, The Deceivers of, 103
- Aristophanes, charged with plagiarism, 71; The Frogs of, 71, 94
- Aristophanes, the grammarian, 74
- Aristotle, criticised by Cephisodorus, 80; writings of, 80-82; relations with Alexander, 81; the library of, bequeathed to Neleus, buried by heirs of Neleus, sold to Apellikon, taken to Rome by Sylla, used by Tyrannion, 90, 117
- Artemon, a grammarian, 96
- Assyrian literature, preservation of, 152
- Athanasius, 146
- Athenæus, on libraries and book-collectors, 89; cited, 89, 95, 96, 100, 142
- Athens, the public library of, taken to Persia by Xerxes, restored by Seleucus, 89; the book-shops of, 114
- Attali, the rivalry of, with the Ptolemies in collecting manuscripts, 116
- Atticus, sojourn of, in Athens, 117; brings manuscripts to Rome, 118; organizes a publishing establishment, 184; issues Greek classics, 184; relations with Cicero, 186, 190
- “Attikians,” term given to editions issued by Atticus, 184
- Attilius, put to death for permitting the Sibylline books to be copied, 244
- Augustan Age, Writers of the, 202, 204
- Augustus orders the pseudo-Sibylline books to be burned, 264
- B
- Bark of trees used for writing by the Homeric Greeks, 155
- Barthelémi, his Travels of Anacharsis cited, 76
- Basil II., directs the writing of the Basilics, 287; writes histories of Rome and Greece, 288
- Berosus, translations by, 139
- Birt, cited, 89, 104, 110, 130, 141, 142, 153, 155, 249, 256, 263
- Boeckh, cited, 92, 97
- Boëthius, described by Hodgkin, 280; writings of, 280
- Bologna, influence of the University of, in publishing undertakings, 295
- Book collecting fashionable in Rome after the first century, 125
- Bookmaking terms in Rome borrowed from Alexandria, 162
- Book of Odes, the (in China), 23
- Book of the Dead, the, 12-14
- Books, in Alexandria, divisions of, 143; ancient, materials used for, 149; distribution and sale of, throughout the Empire, 255; when considered injurious proceeded against under the criminal law, 267; average duration of the copies, 271
- Booksellers, crucified by Domitian, 244; in Rome, principal customers of, 245
- Bookselling in Athens, the business of, 102; referred to in the comedies, 102
- Book-shops in Rome, decrease of, after Constantine, 275
- Book terminology, 149
- Book-trade of Rome influenced by the removal of the capital, 276
- Boustrophedon, the, 57
- Brahmanic priests, the writings of the, 45
- Breulier, A., on literary property in Greece, cited, 55, 90
- Bruns, cited, 83
- Buchsenschutz, cited, 97
- Buddha, or Gautama, the work of, 45
- Burckhardt, cited, 265, 266
- Bursian, cited, 247
- Byzantine Court, literary interests of, 283; writers attached to the, 290
- Byzantine literature, characteristics of, 289; described by Gibbon, 290
- Byzantine State, characterized by Lecky, 291; character of, analyzed by Oman, 292
- Byzantium, the scribes of, 290
- C
- Cæcilius, comedies of, 179
- Caligula, undertakes to suppress the writings of Homer, 264; orders taken from the libraries the busts and the writings of Virgil and Livy, 264
- Callimachus, poet and editor, describes the Alexandrian Library, 130, 137
- Calvisius, pays high prices for scribes, 181
- Carthage, the literary school of, 261
- Cassiodorus, writings of, 279
- Cato, the Origines of, 180
- Caunus, inhabitants of, admirers of Euripides, 99
- Cecrops, the Milesian, edits poems of Hesiod, 66
- Censorship of books under the Emperors, 264
- Cephisodorus, cited, 80
- Cephisophon, slave of Euripides, 91
- Chabas, discoverer of the Prisse papyrus, 15
- Chaldea, early literature of, 5-9; authors of, 8
- Chaldean “books,” methods of preparing, 150
- Chares, slave of Lycon, 115
- Cheops, or Khufa, 12
- China, beginnings of literature in, 22; first use of written characters in, 23; first printing in, 29
- Chinese authors, rewards of, 37
- Chinese classics, the early, 30
- Chinese literature, the golden age of, 36
- Chinese writing materials, 28
- Church of Rome, influence of, on literary production and on the preservation of books, 274
- Cicero, to Atticus concerning De Finibus, 79; reference of, to Hermodorus, 79; birth of, 180; relations with Atticus, 186-190; right to publish the works of, purchased by Dorus, 244; Ad Quintum cited, 247; De Finibus cited, 249
- Clearchus, library of, 91
- Clement, Paul, on literary property in Greece, cited, 54, 62, 77, 90; on plagiarism in Greece, 77
- Codex Argenteus, 284
- Codex Parisinus of Demosthenes, authority for, 124
- College, the Royal, of Constantinople, 286
- Comedy, derivation of the term, 65
- Comnena, Anna, writes the Alexias, 288
- Comum, the library of, 246
- Confucius, 24, 25, 27
- Constantine orders the writings of Arius to be burned, 266
- Constantine Porphyrogenitus, the writings of, 286
- Constantinople, established as the capital of the Empire, 282; literary production in, 282; the Royal College of, 286; the fall of, 292; destruction of manuscripts in, 292
- Cordus, the impecunious, 247
- Corea, early printing in, 29
- Corinth, capture of, 116
- Crassus, Marcus, educates slaves as copyists, 183
- Cratinus, The Mechanics of, 103
- Cruttwell, cited, 252
- Ctesias, cited, 158
- Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, 146
- D
- Demetrius, the Cynic, 100
- Demetrius Phalerius, reference of, to the Alexandrian Library, 130
- Democritus, on the Science of Nature, 83
- Demosthenes, 69, 109
- Developments, the Book of, 24
- Dieulafoy, work of, in Chaldea, 7
- Diocletian, orders the destruction of works on alchemy, 265; orders the books of the Manichæans to be burned, 265; orders the Scriptures of the Christians to be destroyed, 266
- Diogenes Akritas, 289
- Diogenes Laërtius, cited, 88, 112-115, 119, 155, 263
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 112
- Diphtherai (dressed skins), use of, 138
- Domitian, restores libraries burned by Nero, 247; orders books from Alexandria, 247
- Dorus purchases the “remainders” of the editions of Cicero, 244
- Drumann, cited, 118
- E
- Eckhard on the term “grammarians,” 136
- Editions of Roman publications, 255
- Edwards, Amelia B., version of the Tale of Two Brothers, 20
- Egypt, early literature of, 10-20
- Egyptian Märchen, 21
- English dramatists, relations of, with French literature, 171
- Ennius, the “father of Latin literature,” his Sicilian cookery-book, 178
- Epaphroditus, the library of, 249
- Ephesus, curious books burned in, 118
- Etruscans, the inscriptions of, 57
- Euclid, 132
- Eudocia, the Empress, writings of, 283
- Eudocia, wife of Romanus, writes treatise on the genealogies of the gods, 288
- Eumenes II., furthers the production of parchment, 158
- Euphorion, plagiarism of, 76
- Eupolis, refers to booksellers, 104
- Euripides, library of, 91; popularity of the songs of, 99; recitations from, by Alexander, 100; the Bacchantes of, 101
- Eusebius, on the duration of books, 271
- Eustathius I., writings of, 288
- F
- Fei-ke-mono-gatari, the (Annals), 42
- Flood, the, Chaldean account of, 9
- Folk-songs of India, 45
- Freeman, on Athenian audiences, 86
- French, the literary language of the eighteenth century, 171
- Fronto, the writings of, 261
- Fu-hi, the Emperor, 22
- G
- Gaius on immaterial property, 269
- Galen, cited, 124, 157
- Gâthas, the hymns of Persia, 47
- Gautama, or Buddha, the work of, 45
- Gellius, Aulus, cited, 81, 89, 246
- Géraud, on the influence of the priestly caste on literature, 56; on the journey of Trajan, 164
- Gibbon, on the Royal College of Constantinople, 285; on the library of Photius, 287; on the histories of Anna Comnena, 288
- Gnosticism in Alexandria, 147
- Golden Meadows, the, of El-Mesoudee, 49
- Gospels, the Gothic version of, 284
- “Grammarians,” the, of the Alexandrian Academy, 133
- “Grammarians” as buyers of books, 248
- Greece, the early literature of, 53; introduction of the alphabet into, 56; reading and writing in early, 61
- Greek books, costliness of, 93
- Greek classics, distribution of, throughout the Empire, 262
- Greek manuscripts, careless copying of, referred to by Strabo, 120
- Greek language and literature, the knowledge of, throughout Europe furthered by the fall of Constantinople, 294
- Greek, the literary language of early Rome, 116, 166; the language of higher education in later Rome, 259
- Greek written characters, first example of, 58
- Greeks, the trained memories of, 106, 107, 108
- Gutenberg and his printing-press, 295
- H
- Hammer, von, cited, 49
- Harpalus, friend of Alexander, 111; purchases books in Athens, 111
- Hebrew literature, the golden age of, 50, 52
- Hebrews, early literature of, 49
- Heeren, editor of the works of Stobæus, 287
- Hercules, prefers cookery to poetry, 96
- Hermann, cited, 98
- Hermes Trismegistus, 11
- Hermetic books of Egypt, 11
- Hermodoros sells reports of Plato’s lectures, 78
- Hermogenes of Tarsus killed by Domitian, 245
- Herodotus, the Histories of, 84-86; in Thurium, 85; cited, 155
- Hesiod, poems of, 66; his Works and Days, 66
- Hezar Afsaneh, the (the thousand fanciful stories), 49
- Hezekiah, the age of, 50
- Hoang-ti, the Emperor, invents decimal system, etc., 23
- Hodgkin, T., his Theodoric the Goth cited, 281
- Homeric poems, collected under Pisistratus, 66
- Hommel, Fritz, work of, in Chaldea, 7
- Horace, on the cost of learned slaves, 181; on plagiarists, 202
- Hostius, the Histories of, 180
- Hwang-ti, the Emperor, issues an index expurgatorius, 33; orders destruction of classic literature, 34
- I
- Iliad, miniature copy of the, described by Pliny, 118
- India, earliest literature of, 44
- Indian monasteries, manuscripts in the, 46
- Indian writers, compensation of, 46
- Indian writing materials, 46
- Iran and Turan, 48
- Isaiah, cited, 145
- Isocrates, price paid him for discourses, 77; cited, 88; his letters to Philip, 109; the Parathenaicus of, 110
- Italicus, the libraries of, 249
- Izanaghi and Izanami, creators of the Japanese world, 40
- J
- Japan, early literature of; early writing materials, 39, 40
- Japan, the theatre of, 42
- Japanese authors, the rewards of, 43
- Jerome, controversial letters of, 267
- Jevons, Hist. Greek Lit. cited, 58-63
- Jewish law, the, against false words, 52
- Johnson’s Universal Cyclopedia, cited, 156
- Josephus, reference of, to the Alexandrian Library, 130
- Judæa, early literature of, 49
- Jurists of Rome on immaterial property, 267
- Justinian, opinion in the Institutes of, on immaterial property, 269
- Juvenal, cited, 247; on the poet’s profession, 252
- K
- Kallinus, the scribe, 115
- Karpeles on early Egyptian literature, 12-16; on literature in China, 23
- Khufa or Cheops, 12
- Kingsley’s Hypatia, 146
- Kiriath Sepher, or the Quarter of the Grammarians, 136
- Klostermann, on Roman jurisprudence, 268
- Kang-Hi, the Emperor, interested in printing, 29
- Krates, the Cynic, 114
- L
- Labeo, the jurist, writings of, 255
- Lamothe, cited, 75
- Latin, the literary language of mediæval Europe, 171
- Latin language, discontinuance of, in the Greek Empire, 285
- Latin literature affected by the removal of the capital to Byzantium, 276
- Layard, Sir Henry, discoveries in Chaldea, 5; cited, 149
- Lead, sheets of, used for public documents, 154
- Legge, on early Chinese literature, 23
- Leo the Isaurian, 285
- Leo the Wise, writings of, 286
- Libellous publications, punishments for the circulation of, 245; when held to be treasonable, 267
- Libraries, in Rome, 245; in the public baths and in country houses, 249; renewals of books in, 270
- Library, of the Temple of Apollo, 245; of the College in Athens, 247
- Li-ki, the, or Book of Conduct, 32
- Linen sheets, use of, for private records, 154
- Linus, instructor of Hercules, 96
- “Literary Emperors,” the, of Constantinople, 286
- Literature, the beginnings of, 1
- Livy, Histories of, published by Dorus, 196
- Lollianus, Mavertius, 262
- Lucian, cited, 84, 100; criticises the bad work done by the Athenian publishers, 123; works of, in demand thirty years after the author’s death, 250
- Lucretius, on The Nature of Things, 196
- Lucullus brings to Rome books from Athens, 116
- Lün-yü, the, or Conversations, 32
- Lycon, Peripatetic philosopher, 115
- Lycophron, 132
- M
- Ma, Egyptian goddess of truth, 11
- Macedonia, book collectors in, 96
- Mæcenas, his influence on literary production, 251
- Mahaffy, on use of memory in Greece, 63; on the writings of Hesiod, 66; on Athenian audiences, 86; analyzes the character of Alexandrian literature, 135; describes the Alexandrian University, 129
- Manuscripts, destruction of, in Constantinople, 292; taken by Greek scholars to Italy and Germany, 293
- Man-yo-sin, the (collection of ballads), 41
- Marcellinus, cited, 87
- Martial, the library of, 250; on plagiarism, 204; on the compensation of authors, 233, 252; on presentation copies, 208, 209, 210; on the prices of his books, 214; his four publishers, 216; as an advertiser and as a blackmailer, 206, 253
- Massilia, as a centre of higher education, 259
- Maternus, Firmicus, the Mathesis of, 262
- Meineke, cited, 103, 104, 156
- Melanippides, the poetry of, 105
- Ménant, cited, 151
- Mencius, the work of, 28
- Mengtsze, the, 32
- Metamorphoses, the Book of the, 24
- Mnaseas, father of Zeno, 111
- Moore’s Lectures, cited, 134
- Müller, on Aristophanes, cited, 94, 95
- N
- Nepos, Cornelius, his Life of Atticus, 175
- Niceratus, 106
- Nichomachus, the arithmetician, 132
- Nicocles pays Isocrates for discourses, 77
- Nicophon refers to booksellers, 103
- Nineveh, royal library of, 5
- Notarii, definition of, 183
- Nü Kiai, the, or Female Precepts, 35
- O
- Oman, C. W. C., on Byzantine literary history, 285; the Byzantine Empire, 286
- Origen refers to the “swift writers of Alexandria,” 125
- P
- Palimpsest, or codex rescriptus, 161
- Pammachius attempts to suppress letters of St. Jerome, 266
- Pan Chao, a female historian, 35
- Papyrus, cost of, in Greece, 94; monopoly of, in Alexandria, 138; disappearance of, in Egypt, 144; used for cordage, 154; destructibility of, 270
- Papyrus rolls, size of, 141
- Parchment, invention of, 137
- Paris, influence of the University of, in publishing undertakings, 295
- Paul orders books burned in Ephesus, 118
- Penta-on, the poem of, 17
- Pergamentum, derivation of term, 138
- Pergamum, as a literary centre, 138; the royal library of, presented by Antony to Cleopatra, 89; the library of, transferred to Alexandria, 140
- Pericles reduces price of seats in theatre, 76
- Persia, earliest literature of, 47
- Persian priests, 48; poets, 48; minstrels, 48; story-tellers, 48; reciters, 49; writing materials, 49
- Peters, Jno. P., work of, in Chaldea, 7; on the age of Hezekiah, 50, 51
- Petronius, cited, 249
- Phædon of Elis, 105
- Philoxenus of Cythera, 105
- Photius, cited, 91; the library catalogue of, 287
- Pi-Shing invents printing from movable type, 29
- Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, 65; bequeaths his books to Athens, 89
- Piso, the annals of, 180
- Plagiarism, in Greece, 73; in Alexandria, 74; in Rome, 204
- Plato, influence of, on the literary life of Athens, 77; lectures of, 78; the Timæus of, 72, 124; reference of, to the book-trade of Athens, 97; writer of comedies, 103
- Plautus, earns money by his comedies, 179; loses money as a miller, 179
- Pliny, gives a library to Comum, 246; on the service to literature rendered by Varro, 256; on the importance of papyrus, 259; on the duration of books, 271; letters of, cited, 153, 249, 255, 265
- Plutarch, the plagiarism of, 73; cited, 84, 89, 110, 111, 116, 157
- Porphyry of Tyre, writings of, 266
- Priests of Egypt, connection with the Book of the Dead, 14
- Printing, invention of, in China, 29
- Priscus, poems of, on Germanicus and on Drusus, 251; put to death by the Senate, 252
- Prisse papyrus, the, 15
- Procopius, writings of, 285
- Proculus on immaterial property, 268
- Prodicus, a poem of, 96
- Pronapis initiates writing from left to right, 57
- Protagoras, receives pay for instruction, 84; writings of, burned as heretical, 119
- Psammaticus, king, 58
- Ptah-Hotep, the Precepts of, 14, 15
- Ptolemies, rivalry of, with the Attali in collecting books, 116
- Ptolemy Soter founds the Alexandrian Museum, 128
- Ptolemy Philadelphus, develops the Alexandrian Museum into an Academy and University, 128; prohibits export of papyrus, 138
- Publishers of Greece do not associate their names with the works issued by them, 121
- Q
- Quintilian, salary of, as state rhetorician, 254
- R
- Ragozin, Story of Chaldea, 10, 151
- Rameses II., Reign of, 17, 18
- Rangabé, cited, 94
- Rawlinson, George, summary of Egyptian literature, 18, 19
- Rawnsley, H. D., Notes for the Nile, 15; metrical versions of Egyptian hymns, 17
- Reciting in Greece of literary productions, 64
- Regulus, M. Aquilus, writes the memoir of his son, 255
- Renouard, on Jewish plagiarism, 52; cited, 244, 267
- Rhapsodists, the, of Greece, 64
- Rhodes, a centre of book production, 116
- Ritsche, cited, 156
- Ritter, cited, 117
- Rolls, of papyrus, size of, 141
- Roman authors, as “appropriators,” 166; their difficulties in securing a public, 168
- Roman jurists on immaterial property, 267
- Roman literature, beginnings of, 163
- Roman publishers, business connection of, with Alexandria, 170
- Roman Republic gives no aid to literary undertakings, 174
- Romances of chivalry in Byzantium, 289
- Rome, becomes a literary centre, 146; capture of, by Alaric, 278; capture of, by Odoacer, 279; capture of, by Theodoric, 279; influence of Greece upon the early literature of, 165
- Rozoir’s Dictionnaire, cited, 69
- Rustem, the legend of, 48
- Rusticus, Junius, Laudation by, 265
- S
- Sabinus, Petronius, copies the Sibylline books, 244
- Sabinus on immaterial property, 268
- Sammoaicus, the library of, 249
- Sanscrit literature, the earliest, 44
- Sapor II. and the Avesta, 48
- Sauppe on the Codex Parisinus of Demosthenes, 124
- Scævola, the Annales Maximi of, 180
- Schaefer, cited, 109
- Schi-king, the, 32
- Schmitz, W., on writers and booksellers in Greece, cited, 55, 90, 98, 111
- Scholars of Byzantium scattered through Europe after the capture of the city, 293
- Schöll, cited, 134
- Schu, the, (“books,”) in China, 30
- Schu-king, the, 31
- Scribes, in Egypt, 20; in Athens, 105; in Alexandria, 137
- Seneca, cited, 181, 244
- Senecio, Herennius, the Laudation by, 265
- Septuagint, the, begun in Alexandria 285 B.C., 136
- Servus literatus, requirements for a, 182
- Sibylline books, ownership in, claimed by the State, 234
- Sigean inscription, 57
- Simcox, cited, 163, 177, 178, 179, 245, 250-253, 255, 260, 261
- Skytale, the, 60
- Smith, George, work in London and in Chaldea, 5, 7, 150
- Smyrna, the library of, 247
- Solon, the laws of, 57
- Songs (Chinese), the Book of, 24
- Sophists, the, 65
- Sosii, the, 202
- Soto-oro-ime, Empress and poet, 41
- Stahr’s Aristotle, cited, 90
- Statius, the Thebaïd of, 254
- Stella, his poem on the “Wars of the Giants,” 251
- St. John, Second Epistle of, written on papyrus, 160
- Stobæus, the writings of, 286
- Strabo, refers to incorrect text of Greek manuscripts, 120; refers to bookmaking in Alexandria, 137; complains as to the inaccuracy of books, 182
- Suetonius, his Life of Domitian, cited, 244, 247, 264; his Ludicra, 260
- Suidas, cited, 76, 154; reference of, to Hermodoros, 79; the Lexicon of, 288; the plays of, 288
- Susanoo arranges sounds into syllables, 40
- Sylla, a collector of Greek books, 117; purchases the manuscripts of Aristotle and Theophrastus, 117
- Syria, under the Seleucids, a home of Hellenism, 139
- T
- Tablets of baked clay, 149
- Tablets of wax, known to Homer, in use with the Romans, 154
- Tacitus, the Agricola of, cited, 265
- Tacitus, the Emperor, orders the histories of his ancestor to be placed in the public libraries, 257
- Tacitus, the historian, cited, 251; education of, 257; writings of, 258
- Tagenistæ, the, of Aristophanes, 61
- Telegraph, the London, employs George Smith in Chaldea, 6
- Temple, the copyists of the, 52
- Terence, translates plates from the Greek, 179; receives pay for stage-rights, 225
- Tertullian, the writings of, 261
- Testament, the New, almost the only literary production of importance in Syrian Greek, 139
- Theatre, in Greece, cost of admission to, 76
- Theocritus, work of, in Alexandria, 132
- Theognis, the Megarian, the device of, 61
- Theological writings distributed without profit to their authors, 147
- Theopompus, the Philippics of, 72; refers to booksellers, 103
- Thoth-Hermes, god of wisdom and literature, 11
- Thucydides, listens to Herodotus, 86; the daughter of, 87
- Tiberius orders certain historical writings taken from the libraries, 264
- Tibullus gives copies of his books to the Palatine Library, 246
- Tibur, the library of, 246
- Timon, 132
- Tiron, the freedman and friend of Cicero, 184
- Trajan, Asiatic expeditions of, 164
- Tribonianus on immaterial property, 268
- Trimalchio, the libraries of, 249
- Tschun-tshien, the, 32
- Tsengtze, the work of, 28
- Type first used in China, 29
- Tyrannion edits writings of Aristotle, 90, 120
- Tzetzes, John, describes the Alexandrian Library, 130; the Chiliads of, 288
- U
- Ulfilas translates the Bible into Gothic, 284
- Undertakers, the, of Egypt, the first booksellers, 13
- V
- Varro, the writings of, 256
- Vedas, the, 44, 45
- Vendidad, the, 47
- Virey, P., translation of Ptah-Hotep’s Precepts, 16
- Virgil, the Æneid of, 198
- Visparad, the, 47
- Vitruvius, cited, 74
- W
- Wade, Sir Thomas, cited, 36
- Wang Pih-ho, compiles a horn-book, 36
- Wilkinson, cited, 145, 152
- Williams, S. Wells, quoted, 27-36
- Women as scribes, 183
- X
- Xenophon, home of, at Scillus, 88; his method in the Anabasis, 88; completes the Cyropædia, 88; death of, 88; literary undertakings of, 88; reference of, to books saved from a wreck, 101
- Y
- Yasna, the, 47
- Yescht-Sade, the, 47
- Yih, the councillor, 31
- Y-king, the, or Book of the Metamorphoses, 24
- Z
- Zeller, cited, 82
- Zend-Avesta, the, 47
- Zeno, the shipwreck of, 113
- Zenodotus establishes the first grammar-school in Athens, 133
- Zoroaster, or Zarathustra, 47