100 Bacteriology and Infective Diseases (1896), p. 144. Professor Crookshank's Reports to the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council constitute the most complete account of this disease hitherto published.
101 Zeitschr. f. Hyg. und Inf. Krank., xxv.
102 Journal of State Medicine, December, 1897, p. 561.
103 Bacteriology and Infective Diseases, p. 35.
104 British Medical Journal, 1895 (February), p. 353.
105 British Medical Journal, 1896 (August), p. 439.
106 Journal of State Medicine, 1898 (November), p. 541.
107 The measurement of cubic space is of course made by multiplying together in feet the length, breadth, and height of a room.
108 British Medical Journal, 1898 (April), p. 1013.
INDEX
- Abscess formation, 296-301
- Acetous fermentation, 115, 127
- Actinomycosis, 316
- Aërobic organisms, 26
- Agar, 21
- Air, bacteriology of, 96-110
- — examination of, 96-99
- — of sewers, 105
- — expired, 102
- — bacteria and gravity, 106
- — standard of bacteria in, 108
- — pathogenic bacteria in, 109
- — passages, bacteria in, 103
- Alcohol, formation of, 115
- Alcoholic fermentation, 115, 117
- Alexines, 249, 268
- Alformant lamp for disinfection, 334
- Algæ in water, 53
- Ammoniacal fermentation, 115
- Amylolytic ferments, 115
- Anaërobic organisms, 132
- — methods of culture, 139-142
- — in hydrogen, 139, 140
- — in glucose-agar, 142
- — in Fränkel's tube, 140
- — in Buchner's tube, 141
- Aniline dyes, 44
- Antagonism of organisms, 33
- Anthrax, 19, 26, 30, 34, 245
- — pathology of, 301
- — spores of, 302
- — bacillus of, 302
- Antiseptics, 323, 332
- — definition of, 322
- — some of the chief, 332
- Antitoxins, 245-250
- — preparation of, 259
- — use of, 263
- — unit of, 263
- Appendix, 337
- Arthrospores, 17
- Artificial purification of water, 73
- Ascospores, 120
- Asiatic cholera, 65
- Association of organisms, 31
-
Attenuation of virulence, 36
- Bacillus, definition of, 11
- — aceti, 34, 129
- — acidi lactici, 131, 185, 190
- — amylobacter, 132
- — anthracis, 26, 31, 34, 110, 301-305
- — aquatilis, 53
- — butyricus, 133
- — coli communis, 32, 56, 58-62, 64, 67, 86, 88, 108, 151, 194, 237, 299, 315
- — cyanogenus, 193
- — diphtheriæ, 201, 212, 244, 289-296
- — enteriditis sporogenes, 60, 86, 87, 316
- — erythrosporus, 53
- — fluorescens liquefaciens, 43, 53, 64, 86
- — fluorescens non-liquefaciens, 53, 15
- — of cholera, 65-69
- — of diarrhœa, 203, 204
- — of influenza, 315
- — lactis erythrogenes, 193
- — lactis pituitosi, 193
- — lactis viscosus, 193
- — liquefaciens, 53, 151
- — of leprosy, 308-313
- — of glanders (mallei), 299, 319
- — mesentericus, 86, 151
- — mycoides, 151
- — of malignant œdema, 19, 172
- — No. 41, 219
- — pasteurianum, 130
- — of scarlet fever, 202
- — of symptomatic anthrax, 19, 171, 172
- — of plague, 306-308
- Bacillus prodigiosus, 34, 151, 193, 238
- — pyocyaneus, 7, 34, 64, 110, 299
- — pyogenes fœtidus, 34
- — radicicola, 164
- — saponacei, 193
- — subtilis, 31, 86, 108
- — synxanthus, 194
- — of tetanus, 19, 168-171
- — termo, 53
- — of tubercle, 110, 212, 225, 274-291
- — typhosus, 41, 50, 55-62, 212
- — ubiquitous, 53
- — of yellow fever, 316
- Bacteria, action of, 26
- — in sewage, 84
- — and wheat supply, 161
- — and fixation of nitrogen, 160-166
- — in cheese-making, 220-227
- — in the dairy, 215-227
- — products of, 240, 241
- — and disease, 264-321
- — the higher, 11, 33
- — in soil, 137-177
- Bacterial action, 26
- — treatment of sewage, 90
- Bacteroids, 166
- Beer diseases, 134
- Berkefeld filter, 52
- Biogenesis, 3
- Biology of bacteria, 1-36
- Bitter fermentation, 191
- Blood serum, 22
- Blue milk, 193
- Boracic acid, 205, 331
- Bread, bacteria in, 238
- Broth, 21
- Brownian movement, 14
- Bubonic plague, 306-308
- Buchner's tube, 141
- Butter, bacteria in, 213, 214
- — examination of, 214
- — bacterial flavouring of, 215
-
Butyric fermentation, 115, 132, 191
- Carbol-fuchsin, 44
- Carbol-gelatine, 62
- Carbolic acid as a germicide, 332
- Caries, dental, 104
- Chamber, moist, 41
- Channels of infection in disease, 269
- — in tubercle, 289
- Cheese, bacteria in, 220
- Chemical products of bacteria, 241
- Chemical substances as disinfectants, 329
- — and bacteriological examination of water compared, 51
- — tests for nitrification, 158
- Chemiotaxis, 15, 248
- Chicken cholera, 320
- Chinosol as a disinfectant, 336
- Chloride of lime as a germicide, 331
- Cholera, 65-68
- — diagnosis of, 68
- — and filtration, 75
- — and milk, 200
- Chromogenic bacteria, 193, 241
- Cladothrix, 8, 33
- Clark's process, 73
- Classification, 7
- Coccus, definition of, 8
- Colon bacillus, see B. coli communis
- Comma bacillus, 66
- Commensalism, 162
- Composition of bacteria, 12-14
- Conditions affecting bacteria in water, 70
- — in milk, 186, 187
- Contagion, 270
- Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, 331
- Counter (Wolfhügel), 49
- Cover-glass preparations, 44
- Cream, bacteria in, 213
- Crenothrix polyspora, 53
- Creosol as a germicide, 332
- Cultivation beds, 92
- Culture media, 20
- — anaërobic, 139
- — hanging drop, 44
- — plate, 40-43
- — pure, 20, 46
-
— shake, 62
- Decomposition bacteria, 149
- Denitrifying bacteria, 143, 149
- Dental caries, 104
- Deodorants, 323
- Desiccation, 26
- Diagnosis, 339
- Diarrhœa of infants, 175, 316
- Diphtheria, 243-245, 289-296
- — bacillus of, 289
- — toxins of, 244, 293
- — and milk supply, 201
- — and school influence, 294, 295
- — pseudo-bacillus of, 296
-
Diplococcus, definition of, 8
Diplococcus of gonorrhœa, 300 - — in pneumonia, 313
- Directions for estimating disinfectants, etc., 324
- Disease, production of, 264
- Diseases of beer, 134
- — of plants, 35
- — of animals, 316-320
- — conveyed by water, 81
- — and soil, 173-177
- Disinfectants, 322, 331
- Disinfection, 322-336
- — of a room, 335
- — of walls, 335
- — of bedding, 335
- — of garments, 335
- — of excreta, 335
- — of wounds, 336
- — of hands, 336
- Domestic purification of water, 79
- Dunham's solution, 69
-
Dysentery, 319
- Earth temperatures and disease, 175
- Economic bacteria, 145
- Egg cultures, 340
- Elsner's medium, 62
- Endospores, 17
- Enteric fever, see Typhoid
- Enzymes, 114
- Equifex disinfector, 328
- — sprayer, 334
- Erysipelas, 299
- Examination, bacteriological—
- — air, 96-99
- — cholera, 68
- — diphtheria, 290, 340
- — leprosy, 309
- — meat, 234
- — milk, 227
- — sewage, 80
- — soil, 138
- — tetanus, 170
- — tubercle, 276, 339
- — water, 43-48
- — yeasts, 119, et seq.
-
Extracellular poisons, 244, 273
- Fermentation, 111-136
- — acetous, 115, 127
- — alcoholic, 115, 117
- — ammoniacal, 115, see under Soil
- — butyric, 115, 132, 191
- — lactic acid, 115, 130, 190
- Ferments, organised, 114, 115
- Ferments, unorganised, 114, 115
- — chromogenic, 193
- — curdling, 191
- — bitter, 191
- — slimy, 192
- — soapy, 193
- Films, 123
- Filter, domestic, 79
- Filter-beds, 74
- Filtration, milk, 206
- — method of air examination, 99
- — sand, 77-79
- Fission, 16
- Fixing specimens, 45
- Flagella, 15
- — staining, 63
- Food, bacteria in, 179, 180
- Foot-and-mouth disease, 320
- Formaldehyde and formalin, 205, 206, 333
- Forms of bacteria, 8
- Fränkel's tube, 140
- — pneumococcus, 314
-
Friedländer's pneumo-bacillus, 315
- Gas, production of, 62, 241
- Gathering-ground, 38
- Gelatine, 21
- — carbol, 62
- — liquefaction of, 44
- Gemmation, 119
- Gentian-violet, aniline, 44
- Germicidal temperatures, 30, 207
- Germicides, 322, 331
- Glanders, 319
- Gonorrhœa, 300
- Gram's method, 44, 338
- Gravity, influence on bacteria, 106
-
Gypsum block, 121
- Hæmatozoa, 320
- Hanging drop cultivations, 44
- Hansen's method of dilution, 123
- Heat as steriliser, 30, 326
- Heredity, 268, 269
- Hesse's method of air examination, 98
- Higher bacteria, 11
- High yeasts, 125
- Hot air steriliser, 31
- Hydrogen cultivation, 139
-
Hydrophobia, treatment of, 253
- Ice-cream, bacteria in, 236-238
- — examination of, 236
- Immunity, 240-263
- — acquired, 247, 250
- — active, 250
- — artificial, 250
- — natural, 250
- — passive, 250
- Incubation period, 271
- Incubators, 22
- Indol, formation of, 61
- — testing for, 61
- Industries and bacteria, 135
- Influenza, 315
- Intracellular poisons, 34
- Inversive ferments, 115
-
Involution forms, 12, 66
- Kipp's apparatus for producing hydrogen, 27, 139
- Klebs-Löffler bacillus, 289
- Koch's plate method, 40
- — postulates, 266
- — comma bacillus, 66
-
— bacillus of tubercle, 276
- Lactic acid fermentation, 115, 130, 185, 190, 221, 226
- Lactose, 190
- Leguminosæ, fixation of nitrogen by, 163
- Leprosy, 308-313
- Leptothrix, 8, 33
- Leuconostoc, 17
- Light, influence upon bacteria, 24-26, 70
- Liquefaction of gelatine, 44, 241
- Low yeasts, 125
- Lymph, glycerinated calf, 252
-
Lyon's, Washington, disinfector, 328
- Maceration industries, 135
- Malaria, 177, 320
- Malignant œdema, 19, 172
- Mallein, 319
- Mastitis, 184
- Measles, 321
- Meat, 234
- Media, culture, 20
- Merismopedia, 11
- Method of examination, 43-47
- Metropolitan water supply, 72
- Miasmatic diseases, 176
- Micrococcus, definition of, 8
- — agilis, 16
- — aquatilis, 53
- — casei amari, 226
- Micrococcus Freudenreichii, 192
- — gonorrhœæ, 299
- — tetragonus, 299
- — viscosus, 192
- Milk, bacteriology of, 178-213
- — absorptivity of, 180
- — sources of pollution, 181-184
- — number of bacteria in, 185
- — influence of temperature upon, 186
- — influence of time of standing, 187
- — fermentation bacteria in, 189
- — constitution of, 189-195
- — disease-producing power of, 195
- — and tuberculosis, 197-199, 228, 290
- — and typhoid, 199
- — and cholera, 200
- — and diphtheria, 201
- — and scarlet fever, 202
- — and thrush, 203
- — methods of preservation of, 205
- — and added antiseptics, 205, 206
- — filtration of, 206
- — sterilisation of, 207
- — pasteurisation of, 208-213
- — products, bacteria in, 213-227
- — examination of, 227
- — and economic bacteria, 215-220
- — sterile, 181
- — kinds of bacteria in, 188
- — chromogenic, 193
- — cooling processes, 207, 209
- Moist chamber, 41
- Moisture necessary for bacteria, 23
- Motility, 14
- Moulds, 116
-
Mycoderma aceti, 127
- Nasal passages, bacteria in, 103
- Natural purification of water, 69
- Needles, platinum, 22, 24
- Nitrates, 147, 154
- Nitric organism, 157, 158
- Nitrification, 76, 143-159
- — chemistry of, 144-148
- — stages in, 145
- — bacteria of, 152
- Nitrifying organisms, cultivation of, 156
- Nitrogen, fixation of, 144, 160-168
- Nitrous organism, 154, 158
-
Nodules on roots, bacteria in, 163
- Oidium albicans, 203
- Oxygen necessary for bacteria, 26
-
Oysters and bacteria, 229-234
- Paraform for disinfection, 334
- Parasitism, 27, 162
- Parietti's method, 62
- Pasteurisation of milk, 208-213
- Pasteur's treatment of rabies, 253-258
- Perlsucht, 283
- Petri dishes, 50
- Phagocytosis, 247
- Phosphorescence, 26, 241
- Pigment, formation of, 241
- Place of bacteria in nature, 5
- Plague, 306-308
- Plant diseases, 35
- Plate cultures, 40-46
- Platinum needles, 22, 24
- Pleomorphism, 12
- Pneumo-bacillus, 315
- Pneumococcus, 313
- Pneumonia, 313
- Polymorphism, 12
- Postulates, Koch's, 266
- Potato medium, 22
- Pouchet's aëroscope, 96
- Proteolytic ferments, 115
- Proteus family, 86, 180, 297
- — vulgaris, 60, 86, 151, 194
- — zenkeri, 60
- Pseudo-diphtheria bacillus, 296
- Ptomaines, 179
- Pure culture, 20, 46
- Purification of water—
- — natural, 69
- — artificial, 73
- Pus, 296
- Putrefaction, 143-149
- Pyocyanin, 299
-
Pyoxanthose, 299
- Quantitative standard for water bacteria, 48, 49
- — air bacteria, 107
- — milk bacteria, 188
- — soil bacteria, 137
-
Quarter evil, 19, 171
- Rabies, treatment of, 253
- — forms of, 253
- — pathology of, 254
- — results of treatment, 256
- Reck's disinfector, 328
- Reproduction of bacteria, methods of, 16
- Retting, 135
-
Rinderpest, 320
- Saccharomycetes, biology of, 119-121
- — methods of examination, 122
- — anomalous, 122
- — apiculatus, 127
- — aquifolii, 127
- — cerevisiæ, 117, 124, 126
- — conglomeratus, 126
- — ellipsoideus I., 126
- — ellipsoideus II., 126, 134
- — exiguus, 127
- — Hansenii, 127
- — illicis, 127
- — Ludwigii, 122
- — mycoderma, 127
- — pastorianus I., 127, 134
- — pastorianus II., 127
- — pastorianus III., 127, 134
- — pyriformis, 127
- Salicylic acid as antiseptic, 205, 206
- Saprophytes, 27, 166
- Sarcina, 10
- Scarlet fever, 202, 321
- Sedgwick's method of air analysis, 99
- Sedimentation, 71, 73
- Septic processes, 296
- — tank, 90
- Sewage, organisms in, 84
- — bacterial treatment of, 89
- Sewer air, 87
- — and toxicity of bacteria, 105
- Shake culture, 62
- Shell-fish and bacteria, 229, 234
- Small-pox, 251, 321
- Soil, bacteriology of, 137
- — examination of, 138
- — kinds of bacteria in, 142-145
- — and its relation to disease, 173, 176, 177
- Species of bacteria, 29
- Spirillum, definition of, 11
- — of cholera, 66
- Spontaneous generation, 2
- Spores, kinds of, 17-19
- — resistance of, 19, 278
- — staining of, 19
- — of yeasts, 122
- Staining methods, 45
- Staphylococcus, 10, 296
- — cereus albus, 297
- — pyogenes aureus, 88, 108, 297
- Steam as a disinfector, 326
- — disinfectors, 327-329
- — steriliser, 326
- — saturated, 327
-
— superheated, 327
Steam current, 327 - Sterilisation, 29-31
- — methods of, 30, 31
- Streptococcus, 9, 297
- — pyogenes, 299
- — Hollandicus, 192
- Streptothrix, 317
- Structure of bacteria, 8
- Sulphurous acid as a germicide, 332
- Suppuration, 296-301
- Swine fever, 320
- Symbiosis, 162
-
Symptomatic anthrax, 171
- Table of economic bacteria in soil, 145
- Temperature, influence of, on bacteria, 23
- Tetanus, 19, 168, 245
- — toxin of, 168
- Thresh's disinfector, 328
- Thrush, 203
- Tissues, effect of, on bacteria, 267
- Tobacco-curing, 136
- Toxins, 28, 241-247, 272
- Tuberculin, 281
- Tuberculosis, 274-292
- — pathology of, 274
- — varieties of, 275
- — history of, 276
- — conveyed by the air, 104
- — and the milk supply, 196-198, 290
- — giant cells in, 275
- — bacillus of, 276
- — cultivation of bacillus of, 277
- — spores of, 277
- — relation of bacillus to disease, 279
- — toxins of, 281
- — of animals, 283
- — prevention of, 286-292
- — disinfection in cases of, 292
- — decline of, 288
- — and overcrowding, 288
- — channels of infection in, 289
- — expectoration in, 290
- Tuberculosis and house influence, 291
- — and glanders, 319
- Typhoid fever, 56
- — bacillus of, 55-58
- — micro-pathology, 57
- — bacillus compared with B. coli, 58
- — bacillus in sewage, 59
- — bacillus in drinking water, 60
- — tests for bacillus of, 61-64
- — and soil, 173, 176
- — conveyed by the air, 105
- — and milk supply, 199
-
Tyrotoxicon, 205, 237
- Unit of antitoxin, 263
-
Urea, 148
- Vaccination, 251-253
- Vaccines, plague, 257, 259
- — cholera, 257
- — small-pox, 251
- Vaccinia, 251
- Variolation, 250, 251
- Virulence increased, 32
-
— diminished, 36
- Water, bacteria in, 37-84
- — number of bacteria in, 38
- — examination of, 39-52
- — disease organisms found in, 55
- — natural purification of, 69
- — artificial purification of, 73
- — filtration of, 74
- — domestic purification of, 79
- — pollution of, 82
- Wheat supply and bacteria, 161
- Widal reaction, 63, 340
- Wooden tongue, 318
-
Wool-sorters' disease, 305
- Yeasts, 116
-
Yellow fever, 316
-
Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 44, 340