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Bell's Cathedrals: The Priory Church of St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield / A Short History of the Foundation and a Description of the / Fabric and also of the Church of St. Bartholomew-the-Less cover

Bell's Cathedrals: The Priory Church of St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield / A Short History of the Foundation and a Description of the / Fabric and also of the Church of St. Bartholomew-the-Less

Chapter 28: APPENDIX IV
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About This Book

A concise history and architectural guide to a medieval priory church in Smithfield and its adjoining hospital chapel, combining foundation legends and documentary evidence with a physical description of the fabric. The text surveys the exterior and interior architecture, monuments, cloister, crypt, organ, and fittings, and includes ground plans and numerous illustrations. It also outlines restoration work and reproduces relevant inventories and seals. Appendices supply lists of priors and rectors and technical notes for further study, making the volume a compact reference for students, antiquarians, and visitors interested in the building's documentary and material development.


PLAN OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW-THE-LESS
Dimensions: length, including vestibule, 65 ft.; without vestibule, 50 ft.; width, 41 ft. 9 in.
(The measurements do not include the small chancel.)

FOOTNOTES

[1] St. Bartholomew was first interred at Albanopolis, in Greater Armenia, the scene of his passion, and his remains were afterwards translated successively to Daras, a city on the confines of Persia; to the island of Lipari; and to Beneventum. There is a tradition that his relics were eventually conveyed to Rome, but exactly where they were laid is uncertain.

[2] A full account of the hospital, brought down to 1837, is given in the Report of the Charity Commissioners on "Charities in England," issued in that year (vide No. 32, part vi), and since reprinted by Messrs. Wyman and Sons. Dr. Norman Moore is now engaged in writing a new history to the present time. The name of the first patient is recorded in the "Liber Fundationis" as "Adwyne of Dunwych."

[3] At the time of Stow's survey the church contained many brasses and monuments which have disappeared; but a tolerably complete account of them may be obtained by adding the descriptions supplied by Weever ("Funeral Monuments") and Gough ("Sepulchral Monuments," vol. ii) to those given by the old chronicler.

[4] There was formerly a chapel in the north-east corner.


APPENDIX I

THE PRIORY SEALS

Fig. A. Twelfth century. Sulphur cast from fine impression, the edge chipped. About 3-1/8 × 2 in. when perfect.

Pointed oval: St. Bartholomew standing, with nimbus, lifting up the right hand in benediction, in the left hand a long cross.

... HOSPITALIS SANCTI ... HOLOME ...

(3487. lxviii. 45.)

Fig. B. Twelfth century. Sulphur cast from imperfect impression. About 2½ × 2¼ in. when perfect.

Oval: St. Bartholomew, with nimbus, lifting up the right hand in benediction, in the left hand a long cross. The saint is half length on the section of a church, with round-headed arches, and two circular side-towers.

SIGILL' CONVENTUS ECC ... HOLO ... I.
DE. LVDON.

(3488. lxviii. 22.)

Fig. C. A Counterseal. Twelfth century. Sulphur cast, 1¾ in. A church, with central tower, a cross at each gable end, and two tall round-headed arches in the wall, standing on a ship of antique shape, with curved prow and stern, each terminating in a bird's head, on the sea. In a field over the tower, the inscription: NAVIS ECCL'IE. On the left a wavy estoile of six points, on the right a crescent.

SIGILL':PRIORIS:ECCLESIE:SCI:BARTOLOMEI.

(3489. lxviii. 23.)

Fig. D. Later Seal. Thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Sulphur cast from imperfect impression. About 3 × 1 7/8 in.

Pointed oval: St. Bartholomew standing on a lion couchant guardant, in the right hand a knife, his emblem, in the left hand a book. Overhead, a trefoil canopy pinacled and crocketed. On each side in the field a tree on which is slung by the strap a shield of arms: England.

S'C ... E. HOSPITAL ... SANCTI:BARTH'I.
LONDON'.

(3490. lxviii. 46.)

Fig. E. A Counterseal. Thirteenth century. Sulphur cast from chipped impression. 1¼ × 7/8 in.

Pointed oval: the impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. An eagle displayed.

SI ... HOSPITAL'. S. BARTHOL'.

(3491. lxviii. 47.)

Fig. F. Common Seal of the Prior and Convent. A.D. 1533. Bronze-green: fine, showing marks of the pins or studs employed to keep the two sides of the matrix in proper position, 2-1/8 in.

Obverse. St. Bartholomew, seated on a carved throne (somewhat resembling the throne on the obv. of the great seal of Edward I), in the right hand a book, in the left hand a knife. In the field, on the left a crescent, on the right an estoile, each between two groups of three small spots (the whole representing the heavens). Thirteenth century style of work.

SIGILLVM : COMMVNE : PRIOR' : ET : COVETV[S :
SCI : BA]RTHOLOMEI : LONDON'.

(3492 and Harl. Ch. 83 A. 43.)

Fig. G. Reverse of the same seal. A church, with central spire, a cross at each gable end, masoned walls imitating ashlar-work, and traceried windows, standing on a ship with a castle at each end, that on the left pointed, that on the right square, on the sea.

In the field at the sides, the inscription:

NAVIS ECCL'E. CREDIMVS : ANTE : DEVM :
PROVEHI : PER : BARTHOLOMEVM.

Beaded borders. ("Vetusta Monumenta," vol. ii, pl. xxxvi.)

Fig. H. Seal ad Causas. Fourteenth century. Sulphur cast from imperfect impression. 2-3/8 × 1½ in.

Pointed oval: St. Bartholomew standing on a corbel, in the right hand a knife, in the left hand a long cross.

... ET CONV ... THOL'I LOND' AD CAVS ...

(3495. lxviii. 26.)

Fig. I. Seal of the New Foundation for Preaching Friars, by Queen Mary. A.D. 1556-1558. 2½ x 1-5/8 in.

Pointed oval: St. Bartholomew, standing, with nimbus, in the right hand a knife, in the left hand a book, under a dome-shaped baldachin or canopy in the style of the Renaissance, supported on two pilasters. In the exergue a floral ornament.

SIGILLV. COVET' SCTI : BARTHOLOMEI : ORDINIS

FRATRV PREDICATORV : LODO.

Inner border beaded.

(From an impression taken direct from the matrix in the Church. There is an example on red sealing-wax in the British Museum.—3496. XXV. 88; see also "Archaeologia," vol. XV, p. 400.)

Later Seal of the Hospital.

A.D. 1695. Red, covered with paper before impression. 3 in.

(3498, and Add. Ch. 1685.)

Fig. K. Obverse. St. Bartholomew, full-length, surrounded with radiance, lifting up the right hand in benediction, in the left hand a long cross.

COMM ... SIGILLV HOSPITAL'
APOSTOLI.

Fig. L. Reverse. A shield of arms: City of London.

In the field, the inscriptions: 1[66]1 (?). INSIGNIA LONDO.

Background diapered with wavy branches of foliage.

... EST SMITHFIELD ET HOSPITALI ...

With the exception of the Marian seal (Fig. I), the illustrations come from the impressions in the British Museum, whose catalogue numbers are given in every case for convenient reference.


APPENDIX II

THE AUGUSTINIAN PRIORS

Rahere1123-1144
Thomas1144-1174
Rogerabout 1174
Richard1202-1206
G. of Osney1213
John1226-1232
Gerard1232-1241
Peter le Duc1242-1255
Robert1255-1261
Gilbert de Weledon1261-1263
John Bacun1265
Henry
Hugh1273-1295
John de Kensington1295-1316
John de Pekenden1316-1350
Edmund de Broughyng1350-1355
John de Carleton1355-1361
Thomas de Watford1361-1382
William Gedeney1382-1391
John Eyton, D.D., alias Repyngdon1391-1404
John Watford1404-1414
William Coventre1414-1436
Reginald Colier1436-1471
Richard Pulter1471-1480
Robert Tollerton1480-1484
William Guy1484-1505
William Bolton1505-1532
Robert Fuller, Abbot of Waltham1532-1539
 
Priory suppressed, 31 Henry VIII25th October, 1539
Priory revived, 2 and 3 Philip and MaryEaster, 1556
 
Dominican Prior
 
William Perrin, D.D.1556-1558
Priory suppressed, I Elizabeth13th July, 1559
 
Rectors
 
John Deane{ Parish Priest
Rector
1539-1544
1544-1563
Ralph Watson1565-1569
Robert Binks1570-1579
James Stancliffe, M.A.1581
John Pratt1582-1587
David Dee, M.A.1587-1605
Thomas Westfield, D.D., Bishop of Bristol1605-1644
John Garrett, M.A.1644-1655
Randolph Harrison, D.D.1655-1663
Anthony Burgess, M.A.1663-1709
John Poultney, M.A.1709-1719
Thomas Spateman, M.A.1719-1738
Richard Thomas Bateman1738-1761
John Moore, M.A.1761-1768
Owen Perrott Edwardes, M.A.1768-1814
John Richard Roberts, B.D.1814-1819
John Abbiss, M.A.1819-1883
William Panckridge, M.A.1884-1887
Sir Borradaile Savory, Bart., M.A.1887-1906
William Fitzgerald Gambier Sandwith, M.A.1907
 
Patron of the Living
 
Capt. F. A. Phillips.

APPENDIX III

INVENTORY OF VESTMENTS, ETC.,
AT THE CHURCH OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW-THE-GREAT,
TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1574

"Certayne things appertaining to the Churche as followethe:—

  • Imprimis a comunion cloth of redd silke and goulde.
  • Itm a comunion coppe (cup) of silver withe a cover.
  • Itm a beriall cloth of red velvet and a pulpitte clothe of the same.
  • Itm two grene velvet quishins (cushions).
  • Itm a blewe velvet cope.
  • Itm a blewe silke cope.
  • Itm a white lynnen abe (albe) and a hedd clothe (amice) to the same.
  • Itm a vestment of tawney velvet.
  • Itm a vestment of redd rought velvet.
  • Itm a vestment of grene silke with a crosse garde of red velvet.
  • Itm a crosse banner of redd tafata gilted.
  • Itm two stoles of redd velvet.
  • Itm two white surplices.
  • Itm two comunion table clothers.
  • Itm two comunion towels.
  • Itm one olde bible.
  • Itm one great booke.
  • Itm one olde sarvice booke for the minister."

APPENDIX IV

THE ORGAN

The organ now at St. Bartholomew's, where it supersedes one purchased by subscription in 1731, was originally built by George England in 1760 for the Church of St. Stephen, Walbrook. Considerable work was there done upon it by Messrs. William Hill and Son in 1872, viz:

I.   The pipes of Great and Choir stops were replanted, CC pipes over the GG grooves, and the compass altered to CC to G throughout.
II.   The following alterations were made in the Great organ:
Open Diapason (ii) extended from gamut G to CC.
Mixture replaced by new pipes where required.
New Trumpet inserted, and the old one transferred to Swell.
Choir. Dulciana (new) C (grooved).
Keraulophon (new) C (grooved).
Clarinet CC.
Swell. New soundboard (CC to G), swell-box and new action.
New Bourdon, 16 feet.
Cornet made into 12 and 15 feet.
New mixture—four ranks.
German Flute revoiced.
Old Great organ Trumpet arranged to form Double Trumpet from tenor C.
All stops, except German Flute and Double Trumpet, carried down to CC.
Pedal. Bourdon, new, 16 feet.
Open Diapason, 16 feet (compass arranged CCC to F thirty notes).
Trombone, new, 16 feet
Couplers. New, Swell to Great, Great to Pedal, Swell to Pedal, Choir to Pedal, Swell to Choir.
New keyboards.
New Pedal keyboard.
New Drawstop knobs.
New additional bellows.
Five new Composition Pedals (three to Great organ, and two to Swell organ).

Specification of the instrument after the above-mentioned work was done.

Great Organ, CC to G.
Open Diapason (i)8feet
Open Diapason (ii)8"
Stopped Diapason8"
Principal4"
Twelfth22/3"
Fifteenth2"
Nason Flute4"
Furniture.
Sesquialtra.
Trumpet8"
Clarion8"
 
Swell Organ, CC to G.
Bourdon16feet
Open Diapason8"
German Flute8"
Stopped Diapason8"
Principal4"
Twelfth22/3"
Fifteenth2"
Double Trumpet (C)16"
Trumpet8"
Oboe8"
Clarion4"
Choir Organ, CC to G.
Dulciana8feet
Keraulophon (C grooved) 8"
Stopped Diapason8"
Principal4"
Flute4"
Fifteenth2"
French Horn tenor F#8"
Vox Humana8"
Clarinet8"
 
Pedal Organ, CCC to F.
Open Diapason16feet
Bourdon16"
Trombone16"
 
Couplers.
Swell to Great.
Swell to Choir.
Swell to Pedal.
Great to Pedal.
Choir to Pedal.
 
Three Composition Pedals to Great.
Two Composition Pedals to Swell.


In 1886 the organ was purchased from St. Stephen's, Walbrook, for St. Bartholomew-the-Great, where a new case was made for it, the original being retained at St. Stephen's, for the sake of the carving, attributed to the famous Grinling Gibbons. Several alterations were then made in the instrument to adapt it to its new position, and at the present time the specification is as follows:

Great Organ, CC to G.
Open Diapason (i)8feet
Open Diapason (ii)8"
Stopped Diapason8"
Principal4"
Wald-Flute4"
Twelfth22/3"
Fifteenth2"
Mixture (4 ranks).
Furniture (3 ranks).
Trumpet8"
Clarion4"
 
Swell Organ, CC to G.
Bourdon16feet
Open Diapason8"
German Flute8"
Stopped Diapason8"
Vox Angelica8"
Principal4"
Fifteenth2"
Mixture (4 ranks).
Double Trumpet16"
Trumpet8"
Oboe8"
Clarion4"
Choir Organ, CC to G.
Dulciana8feet
Keraulophon8"
Hohl Flute8"
Gamba8"
Suabe Flute4"
Fifteenth2"
French Horn8"
Clarinet8"
Vox Humana8"
 
Pedal Organ, CCC to F.
Open Diapason16feet
Bourdon16"
Trombone16"
 
Couplers.
Swell to Great.
Swell to Choir.
Great to Pedal.
Choir to Pedal.
Swell to Pedal.
 
Five Combination Pedals.

INDEX

  • Ambulatory, 50.
  • Anthony, Francis, 52, and note.
  •  
  • Bartholomew Fair, 7, and note.
  • Bells, 28.
  • Belmeis, Bishop Richard de. 5.
  • Black Friars, Dominican Order of, 13, and note.
  •  
  • Canonbury House, 43 (note).
  • Canons Regular of St. Augustine, 6, and note.
  • Choir, 40.
  • Clerestory, 44.
  • Cloister, 58.
  • Crypt, 57.
  •  
  • Dimensions of St. Bartholomew-the-Great, 84.
  • —— of St. Bartholomew-the-Less, 71.
  •  
  • Early English columns, 33.
  • —— gateway, 26.
  • Exterior of the Church, 25, et seq.
  •  
  • Font, 39.
  •  
  • Grindal, Bishop Edmund, 16.
  •  
  • History of the Foundation, 3, et seq.
  • Hogarth, William, 39.
  • "Horseshoe" arches, 40.
  • Hospital, 63, et seq.
  •  
  • Lady Chapel, 10, 55.
  •  
  • Monasteries in London at the Dissolution, 13.
  • Monuments:
    • Anthony, 52.
    • Chamberlayne, 48.
    • Freshwater, 40.
    • Mildmay, 54.
    • Savory, 57 (note).
    • Smalpace, 49.
  •  
  • Nave, surviving bay of, 33.
  •  
  • Oriel Window (Prior Bolton's), 10, 43.
  • Organ, Specifications of, 80-82.
  • —— Screen, 33.
  •  
  • Porches:
    • West, 26.
    • North, 28.
    • South, 39.
  • Priors, list of, 77-78.
  • Priory Buildings, conjectural plan of, 14.
  • —— Desecration of, 17-20.
  • Pulpit, 48.
  •  
  • Rahere:
    • Early life, 3.
    • Conversion, 4.
    • Vision and vow, 4.
    • Realized in the Smithfield Foundation, 5.
    • Charter of privileges granted, 6.
    • Death, 8.
    • Tomb, 45.
  • Rectors, list of, 78.
  • Restoration of the Church, 20-22.
  • Rich, Sir Richard, 12, 16.
  •  
  • St. Bartholomew-the-Less and the Hospital, 64, et seq.
  • Savory, Sir Borradaile, Memorials to, 27, 48, 57 (notes).
  • Seals of the Convent and Hospital, 73-77.
  • Services at the Church, 30.
  • Smithfield, 5.
  • Stone Screen (ancient), 38.
  • Surrender of the Priory to Henry VIII, 10.
  •  
  • Tower (ancient central) and arches, 35.
  • —— (17th century western), 27.
  • Transepts:
    • North, 35.
    • South, 38.
  • Triforium, 43.
  •  
  • Vestments, Inventory of, 79.
  •  
  • West Front, 26.


DIMENSIONS OF THE CHURCH OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW-THE-GREAT

(Internal)
Choir: Length
Breadth
105
27
feet
"
2
8
inches
"
Ambulatory: Breadth 12"10"
Nave (surviving bay): From east to west 8"3"
North Transept: From east to west
From north to south
27
19
"
"
8
3
"
"
South Transept: From east to west
From north to south
27
21
"
"
4
6
"
"
Lady Chapel: Length
Breadth
60
23
"
"
6
7
"
"
Cloister (three bays restored): Length
Breadth
38
13
"
"
8
2
"
"


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