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Benign Stupors: A Study of a New Manic-Depressive Reaction Type

Chapter 27: Footnotes:
By August Hoch
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About This Book

This study presents a clinical analysis of stupor as a distinct manic-depressive reaction type, based on case histories and systematic observation. It differentiates deep, partial, and malignant forms, examines suicidal presentations, and traces how ideational content, affective states, inactivity, negativism, and cataleptic phenomena shape the clinical picture. Physical signs, intellectual interference, and psychological mechanisms receive a combined biological and psychodynamic interpretation. Practical sections address diagnostic criteria and therapeutic measures, while a concluding synthesis argues for recognizing stupor among recoverable adaptive failure reactions rather than as inevitable deterioration.

Footnotes:

[C] This chapter has been written mainly from material in Dr. Hoch's notes which was manifestly incomplete. No claim is made for its exhaustiveness.

The Editor.

[13] Dagonet, M. H.: "De la Stupeur dans les Maladies Mentales et de l'Affection mentale désignée sous le Nom de Stupidité." Annales Medico-Psychologiques, T. VII, 5e Serie, 1872.

[14] Newington, H. Hayes: "Some Observations on Different Forms of Stupor, and on Its Occurrence after Acute Mania in Females." Journal of Mental Science, Vol. XX, 1874, p. 372.

[15] Clouston: "Mental Diseases." J. & A. Churchill, 1904.

[16] Stern: "Ueber die akuten Situations-psychosen der Kriminellen." Abstracted, Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiatrie, Referate Bd. V, S. 554.

[17] Wilmanns, K.: "Statische Untersuchungen über Gefängnisspsychosen." Allgemeine Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie, Bd. LXVII, S. 847.

[18] Kutner: "Ueber katatonischer Zustandsbilder bei Degenerierten." Allgemeine Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie, Bd. LXVII, S. 375.

[19] Chotzen: "Fall von degenerativem Stupor." Abstracted, Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Neur. u. Psychiatrie, Referate, Bd. VI, S. 1077.

[20] Seelig: "Psychiatrischer Verein in Berlin, 1904." Neurol. Centralbl., 1904, S. 421.

[21] Löwenstein: "Beitrag zur Differentialdiagnose des katatonische u. hysterische Stupors." Allg. Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie, Bd. LXV.

[22] Gregor: "Über die Diagnose psychischer Prozesse im Stupor." Leipzig Meeting, 1907. Reported in Neurol. Centralbl., 1907. S. 1083.

[23] Froederström: "La Dormeuse d'Okno. 32 ans de Stupeur, Guérison complète. Nouvelles Iconographies de la Salpétrière," 1912, No. 3. Reviewed by E. Bloch, Neur. Centralbl., 1913, S. 852, and by Forster, Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Neur. u. Psychiatrie, Referate, Bd. VI, S. 510.

[24] Gadelius: "Ett ovanligt fall af stupor med nära 9-arig oafbruten tvangsmatning; uppvaknande; total amnesi; helsa" (Hygiea, 1894, LVI., Part 2, No. 10, p. 355). Abstracted by Walker Berger, Neurol. Centralbl., 1895, S. 186.

[25] Leroy: "Un cas de stupeur, guéri au bout de deux ans et demi." Bull. de la Soc. Clin. de Méd. Ment., III, 276, 1910. Abstracted in Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiatrie, Referate, Bd. II, S. 495.

[26] Myers, Charles S.: "Contributions to the Study of Shell Shock." Lancet, January 8, 1916, pp. 65-69. Lancet, September 6, 1916, pp. 461-467.

[27] Gucci, R.: "Sopra una particolarità del mutismo per stupore communicazione preventive." Archivio italiano per le malattie nervose, 1889, XXVI, 69-108. Reviewed in Neurol. Centralbl., 1889, S. 659.

[28] "Dementia Præcox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenie" Aschaffenburg's "Handbuch der Psychiatrie."

[29] Raecke: "Zur Prognose der Katatonie." Arch. f. Psychiatrie, Bd. XLVII, 1, 1910.

[30] Whitwell: "A Study of the Pulse in Stupor." Lancet, Oct. 17, 1891. Reviewed by Ziehen, Neurol. Centralbl., 1892, S. 290.

[31] Wetzel: "Die Diagnose von Stuporen." Baden-Baden Meeting of May, 1911. Reported in Neurol. Centralbl., 1911, S. 886.

[32] Vogt, Ragner: "Zur Psychologie der Katatonischen Symptome." Centralbl. für Nervenheilkunde, 1902, S. 433.

[33] Gnauck, R.: "Stupor nach Kohlenoxydvergiftung" (Charité-Annalen, 1883, p. 409). Reviewed by Moeli, Neurol. Centralbl., 1883, S. 237.

[34] Bonhoeffer: "Die Symptomatischen Psychosen," 1910.

[35] Knauer, A.: "Die im Gefolge des akuten Gelenkrheumatismus auftretenden psychischen Storungen." Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiatrie, Bd. XXI, S. 491-559.

INDEX

  • ulceration of eyes, 133
  • unconscious ideas, 163
  • unconsciousness, physiological, 199, 224, 277
  • underground, 240
  • understanding, 67
  • uneasiness, 93, 94, 95, 121
  • unfaithfulness, 97
  • unhappiness, 192
  • urine, retention of, 31