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Better Meals for Less Money

Chapter 236: CHAPTER X
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About This Book

The work offers practical guidance for feeding a household on a limited budget, combining general principles of menu planning, marketing, and nutritive needs with hundreds of economical recipes. It emphasizes stretching meat by using small amounts and substituting vegetable, cereal, dairy, and legume dishes; provides methods for stock-making, common cooking techniques, and many categories from soups, fish, and meats to eggs, vegetables, cereals, breads, cakes, desserts, and preserves; and includes sauces, relishes, and condiments. Appendices supply weights, measures, cooking times, temperatures, and caloric tables to aid balanced, economical meal planning. It assumes basic kitchen knowledge.

4 pigeons½ teaspoon salt
Bread Stuffing (see No. 208)1/8 teaspoon pepper
4 tablespoons bacon fat2 cups boiling water
½ onion sliced3 tablespoons flour
½ carrot sliced4 tablespoons cold water
1 cup celery tops

Clean pigeons, wipe dry, stuff, and truss neatly into shape. Brown in hot bacon fat in the frying pan, and place in a casserole dish or bean pot; add vegetables, seasonings, and boiling water. Cover, and bake in a slow oven three hours. Remove pigeons to serving dish, thicken the stock with the flour mixed to a paste with cold water; cook ten minutes, strain, and pour over pigeons. The giblets may be cooked in boiling salted water about ten minutes, chopped, and added to the sauce.

144.—COUNTRY CLUB RABBIT

Cut a young rabbit in pieces for serving; sprinkle with salt and pepper; dip in flour, then in egg, and coat thickly with crumbs; put into a well-greased baking pan, and bake in a hot oven about half an hour, basting often with bacon fat. Arrange rabbit on serving dish, and make a brown sauce in the pan, using three tablespoons each of bacon fat and flour, one teaspoon of grated onion, and one and one-half cups of stock, milk, or boiling water. Season with one-half teaspoon of salt, one-fourth teaspoon paprika, and two tablespoons tomato ketchup.

145.—CASSEROLE OF RABBIT AND OKRA

3 slices bacon¼ teaspoon pepper
1 rabbit2 cups boiling water
1 onion finely chopped1 cup tomatoes
3 tablespoons flour1 pint okra sliced
1¼ teaspoons salt

Cut bacon into one-inch pieces, and cook in frying pan until brown; remove bacon; cut rabbit in pieces for serving and soak half an hour in cold salted water; drain, dredge with flour, brown in bacon fat, and put with cooked bacon in a casserole dish; cook onion in bacon fat until brown; add flour, salt, pepper, and boiling water; stir until smooth, and pour over rabbit; add tomato and okra, sprinkle with salt; cover, and bake in a moderate oven one hour and a half.

146.—ROAST PORK

Have the bone removed from a six-pound fresh shoulder of pork; wash, dry, and stuff with Bread Stuffing (see No. 208) or Peanut Stuffing (see No. 211); season with salt and pepper, dredge with flour, and roast in a moderate oven about two and three-quarters hours. Baste often, and be sure oven is not too hot, as pork must cook slowly. This is an excellent cut, and less expensive than the loin or fresh leg. Strain the fat and add it to the frying fat, or use in place of lard. Have the bones sent and use for stock. Serve with Dark Red Apple Sauce (see No. 663).

147.—PORK CHOPS BAKED WITH POTATOES

Pare potatoes, and cut in thin slices; wash, drain, season with salt and pepper, and put into a baking dish; cover with small pork chops from which part of the fat has been removed; dust with salt, pepper, and flour; add half a cup of boiling water, and bake in a hot oven about forty minutes. Turn chops when half cooked.

148.—SAUSAGE CAKES

½ pound sausage meat1/3 cup hot water
1 teaspoon grated onion1/3 cup sifted crumbs
¼ teaspoon salt

Mix well, shape into small flat cakes, roll in crumbs, and bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes, or until brown.

149.—SAUSAGE CAKES BAKED WITH APPLE

1 pound sausage meat4 apples

Shape meat into small flat cakes, and put in the center of a dripping pan; core apples, cut into half-inch slices, and put around sausage. Bake in a hot oven until brown, basting frequently with the fat from the sausage.

150.—SAUSAGES WITH OYSTERS AND EGGS

4 small sausages2 eggs slightly beaten
1 teaspoon grated onion¼ teaspoon salt
1 cup small oysters

Cut sausages into half-inch bias slices, and cook with onion in a hot frying pan until brown; add oysters, and cook until edges ruffle; add eggs and salt, and scramble until firm.

151.—BREAKFAST BACON

Lay slices of bacon close together on a fine wire broiler, place broiler over a dripping pan, and bake in a hot oven about ten minutes or until bacon is brown and crisp. Avoid burning. Save fat for cooking.

152.—BROILED HAM

Ham for broiling should be cut in very thin slices. Trim off superfluous fat, cover ham with lukewarm water, and stand on back of range for fifteen minutes; dry, and broil over clear fire until fat is brown.

153.—BAKED SLICED HAM

Order a small slice of ham cut an inch and a half thick; cover with warm water, and place on the back of the range for an hour. Drain ham, cover with a mixture of two tablespoons of flour, two tablespoons of brown sugar, one-half teaspoon of mustard, and a dash of cayenne. Put a few small bits of the fat on top, and bake twenty-five minutes in a moderate oven. Place ham on platter, pour off fat in the pan, add one-fourth cup of cider or weak vinegar; bring to boiling point, and pour around ham.

154.—HAM LOAF

1 pound raw ham2 beaten eggs
1 cup dried crumbs¼ teaspoon mustard
1 cup boiling water¼ teaspoon salt

Put ham, including the fat, through meat chopper; add crumbs, water, eggs, and seasonings; mix well, and bake in a small bread pan, in a slow oven, an hour and a half; or cook in steamer two hours.

155.—ROAST BREAST OF VEAL STUFFED

Have a pocket cut in veal, wash, dry, and stuff with Crust Stuffing (see No. 209); skewer neatly into shape, dredge with flour, season with salt and pepper, and cover with two thin slices of fat salt pork; place on rack in dripping pan, and roast in a moderate oven two hours, basting often. Serve with gravy made from drippings in the pan, three tablespoons of flour, and one and one-half cups of water. Season with salt and pepper, and strain.

156.—VEAL WITH VEGETABLES

3 pounds knuckle of veal2 cups hot water
½ cup each of finely chopped onion, carrot, turnip, and celery1¼ teaspoons salt
¼ cup pearl barley¼ teaspoon paprika

Order veal cut in three-inch lengths; remove meat from bone, and put in a casserole dish; add vegetables, barley (which has been soaked for an hour in cold water), hot water, and seasonings; place the pieces of bone, cut edge down, on top; cover closely, and bake in a moderate oven two and a half hours. Remove the bones before serving.

157.—VEAL LOAF (Baked)

2½ pounds raw veal1 cup dried and sifted crumbs
¼ pound salt pork½ cup boiling water
½ teaspoon pepper½ cup milk
2 teaspoons salt

Put veal and pork through the meat chopper; add pepper, salt, crumbs, water, and milk. Mix well, press into a deep pan, cover with paper, and bake slowly for two hours. Serve hot or cold. A teaspoon each of poultry seasoning and grated onion may be added.

158.—VEAL LOAF (Boiled)

4 pounds knuckle of veal4 cups hot water
1 onion½ package gelatine
1 bay leaf¼ cup cold water
4 clovesJuice of 1 lemon
2½ teaspoons salt1 hard-boiled egg
½ teaspoon pepper2 gherkins

Cook veal with seasonings in hot water until meat is very tender; strain, remove fat and bone, and chop meat; soak gelatine in cold water, add to strained stock in which meat was cooked, add meat and lemon juice, cool, and turn into deep pan which has been garnished with slices of hard-boiled egg and pickles sliced lengthwise. Put in the ice-box for several hours before serving.

159.—POTTED HEAD

1 calf's head½ teaspoon paprika
1 pound lean fresh pork1 teaspoon onion juice
6 cups boiling water1 teaspoon poultry seasoning
1¾ teaspoons salt

Have head split and dressed at the market; singe, wash well, put in kettle with pork and boiling water, cover, and simmer three hours. Remove bones, and put meat through chopper; reduce stock to one and one-half cups, strain, and add, with seasonings, to the meat. Press into a bread pan and put in a cold place. Serve sliced cold, or dip slices in egg and crumbs, and fry in deep fat.

160.—BRAISED LIVER

3 pounds liver½ teaspoon salt
1½-inch cube salt pork1/8 teaspoon pepper
1/3 cup onion finely chopped2 cups boiling water
1/3 cup celery finely chopped¼ cup flour
1/3 cup carrots finely chopped

Soak liver in cold salted water for half an hour, scald, remove skin, and dredge with flour; cut pork in thin slices, and try out in frying pan; brown liver in pork fat, and place in an earthen dish or kettle, add vegetables, seasonings, and water which has first been put in the frying pan; cover closely, and bake three hours in a slow oven, adding water if necessary; remove liver, and thicken gravy and vegetables with one-fourth cup of flour mixed to a paste with cold water.

161.—BROWN FRICASSEE OF LIVER

1 pound liver4 tablespoons flour
2 cups boiling water¾ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon paprika
1 tablespoon grated onion6 slices of toast

Cut liver into half-inch cubes, and soak in cold salted water fifteen minutes; drain; cover with the boiling water, and simmer six minutes; cook bacon fat, onion, and flour until brown; add seasonings, and stock in which liver was cooked; stir until smooth; add liver, and pour over toast or small, thin baking powder biscuit.

162.—CHICKEN LIVERS AND BACON

Cook chicken livers in boiling salted water fifteen minutes; put each liver on half of a slice of bacon, fold other half over liver, and bake in a hot oven until bacon is crisp; moisten slices of toast with the stock in which livers were cooked, and serve two pieces of bacon and livers on toast for each person.

163.—FRIED LAMB'S LIVER AND BACON

Cut liver in one-third-inch slices; soak in cold water for half an hour; drain, dry, and cook in hot deep fat, with six slices of bacon, until brown.

164.—LAMBS' KIDNEYS IN BROWN SAUCE

6 lambs' kidneys¼ teaspoon paprika
1½ cups boiling water½ teaspoon onion juice
1½ tablespoons butter1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
3 tablespoons flourFew drops kitchen bouquet
½ teaspoon salt6 slices of toast

Split kidneys and soak in cold water half an hour; drain; cover with boiling water, and simmer five minutes; skim out of water, and cut in small dice; brown the butter, add the flour, and brown well; add the water in which the kidneys were cooked, and stir until smooth; add kidneys and seasonings, and serve on toast.

165.—DEVILLED KIDNEYS

6 lambs' kidneys, split1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce
3 tablespoons drippings1 teaspoon mustard
1 tablespoon chopped onion¼ teaspoon salt
3 tablespoons flourDash of cayenne
1 cup water or stock

Scald, skin, and split kidneys; cook with fat and onion five minutes, and remove from the pan. To the fat in the pan add flour, and stir until brown; add liquid, and stir until smooth; add seasonings and kidneys. Serve on toast or with mashed potato border.

166.—SPANISH TRIPE

1 pound fresh boiled tripe½ cup chopped white cabbage
½ can tomatoes¾ teaspoon salt
½ onion choppedFew grains cayenne
½ green pepper chopped2 slices bacon

Cut tripe in small pieces for serving and put in greased casserole dish; scald tomatoes, add onion, pepper, cabbage, and seasonings; pour over tripe; cut bacon into bits, put on top, and bake in a moderate oven one hour.

167.—TRIPE FRIED IN BATTER

1 pound fresh boiled tripe1 cup flour
1 slice onion1½ teaspoons baking powder
2 cloves¼ teaspoon salt
½ bay leaf1 egg well beaten
1 tablespoon vinegar1/3 cup water

Cut tripe in pieces the size of a large oyster, cover with boiling water, add seasonings, simmer fifteen minutes, and drain. Make a batter of flour, baking powder, salt, egg, and water. Dry each piece of tripe, dip in batter, and fry in deep fat for one minute. Serve with Sauce Tartare (see No. 202) or Russian Dressing (see No. 341).

168.—TRIPE FRIED IN CRUMBS

Prepare tripe as for Tripe Fried in Batter (see No. 167); dip each piece of tripe first in tomato ketchup, then in crumbs, then in beaten egg, and then in crumbs again. Fry in deep fat for one minute, and drain on soft paper.

WARMED-OVER MEATS

169.—SAVORY BEEF

1½ cups tomatoes1½ cups cold roast beef
1/3 cup beef gravy2 cups cooked spaghetti
½ onion½ cup bread crumbs
4 cloves2 tablespoons beef drippings
1 teaspoon salt1 tablespoon butter
1/8 teaspoon pepper

Simmer tomatoes, gravy, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and press through a sieve; add beef cut in small pieces, and spaghetti, and pour into a greased baking dish; cover with crumbs which have been mixed with the drippings and butter melted together. Bake in a moderate oven about fifteen minutes. A can of condensed tomato soup may be used in place of the tomato sauce. Any meat may be used.

170.—SCALLOPED CORNED BEEF

2 tablespoons beef drippings1 cup corned beef stock
5 tablespoons flour¾ cup hot milk
1 teaspoon grated onion1½ cups corned beef cut in half-inch cubes
¼ teaspoon paprika½ cup Buttered Crumbs (see No. 472)
¼ teaspoon celery salt

Melt drippings, add flour, onion, and seasonings, and cook two minutes; add stock and milk, and stir until smooth; add meat, and put into a greased baking dish; cover with crumbs, and bake until crumbs are brown.

171.—BAKED HAM AND POTATO

3 cups well-seasoned mashed potato6 pimolas chopped
1 cup chopped cooked ham½ cup hot milk
1 teaspoon grated onion¼ cup crumbs
1 teaspoon chopped parsley1 tablespoon bacon fat
½ teaspoon mustard

Mix potato, ham, seasonings, and milk, put into a greased baking dish, cover with crumbs which have been mixed with melted bacon fat, and bake in a hot oven until brown; or prepare half of mixture, spread in egg shirrers, make a depression with the back of a spoon, and into it carefully break an egg; cover with crumbs, and bake until egg is set.

172.—HAM MOUSSE

1½ cups chopped cooked ham1 teaspoon mixed mustard
½ cup soft bread crumbs¼ teaspoon paprika
1 tablespoon gelatineWhites of 2 eggs
1 cup hot milk

Mix ham with bread crumbs; dissolve the gelatine in the hot milk, and add to crumbs with mustard and paprika; beat the whites of eggs very stiff and fold lightly into mixture. Put into a deep pan or mold, and place on ice until firm. A little salt may be needed.

173.—CORNED BEEF HASH WITH BEETS

1½ cups corned beef¾ teaspoon salt
2 cups cooked potatoes1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
½ cup cooked beets¼ cup stock or water
1 teaspoon grated onion2 tablespoons beef drippings

Have meat, potatoes, and beets coarsely chopped; add seasonings and stock; melt fat in frying pan, and, when very hot, add hash; cook slowly until a rich brown crust is formed; fold, and serve on a hot platter. If meat is very fat, use less fat in frying pan.

174.—SAVORY HASH (Baked)

1 cup cold meat cut fine1 cup tomatoes
2 cups cold cooked potatoes¾ teaspoon salt
½ onion finely chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
2 stalks celery chopped, or2 tablespoons melted bacon fat or beef drippings
¼ teaspoon celery salt

Mix, and bake in casserole in moderate oven forty-five minutes.

175.—SOUTHERN HASH

4 raw potatoes¾ cup stock or water
2 green peppers1½ cups cold chopped beef
2 tomatoesSalt and pepper
1 onionToast points

Put vegetables through the meat chopper, using coarse cutter; cook in the stock, covered, until tender; add beef, salt, and pepper, and when hot turn on a platter and garnish with toast points. If corned beef and stock are used, use salt with care.

176.—LIVER PATTIES

2 cups chopped cooked liverSalt and pepper
2 cups mashed potatoCoarse stale bread crumbs
2 tablespoons finely chopped pickles

Mix liver, potato, and pickles, and season with salt and pepper. Grease patty pans or cups; sprinkle with crumbs, and fill with mixture. Bake fifteen minutes in a hot oven, turn out on serving dish, and serve with Brown Sauce (see No. 185) or Tomato Sauce (see No. 203).

177.—MEAT AND TOMATO PIE

2 cups cooked meat cut in inch pieces½ cup gravy or stock
1 can tomatoes drained½ teaspoon onion juice
Salt and pepper1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
¼ cup fine crumbsQuick Drop Biscuit (see No. 429)

In a deep dish arrange in alternate layers meat and tomatoes cut in pieces; season each layer with salt and pepper, and sprinkle with crumbs; add onion and Worcestershire sauce to gravy, and pour over all; bake twenty minutes in a hot oven; remove from oven, and drop biscuit mixture by spoonfuls on top; bake about fifteen minutes longer. Use tomato juice for soup or sauce.

178.—MEAT SOUFFLÉ

½ cup dry bread crumbs½ onion chopped fine
1½ cups hot stock or milk1½ teaspoons salt
1 tablespoon butter½ teaspoon paprika
1½ cups chopped meatYolks of 2 eggs
1 cup celery or white cabbage chopped fineWhites of 2 eggs

Mix in the order given, beating the yolks until thick and light, and the whites until very stiff. Bake in a moderate oven about half an hour. Any left-over meat may be used.

179.—MEAT SHORTCAKE

1½ cups cooked meat chopped¼ teaspoon paprika
½ cup celery tops chopped½ teaspoon dry mustard
1 teaspoon grated onion1 cup meat gravy or thickened stock
¼ teaspoon salt

Mix ingredients, simmer for fifteen minutes, and put between layers of Shortcake (see No. 441).


CHAPTER X

SAUCES AND STUFFINGS FOR FISH AND MEATS

180.—ANCHOVY SAUCE

Add to Drawn Butter (see No. 194) one and one-half teaspoons of anchovy paste and one tablespoon of lemon juice.

181.—BANANA SAUCE

2 bananasFew grains cayenne
1 tablespoon butterFew grains salt
1 teaspoon sugar2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
Juice of ½ lemon1 teaspoon horseradish

Peel and scrape bananas, and force through coarse sieve; melt butter, add sugar, lemon juice, seasonings, and bananas; stir until hot, and serve with cold roast beef.

182.—BECHAMEL SAUCE

1 cup white stock2½ tablespoons flour
1 slice onion½ teaspoon salt
1 slice carrotFew grains cayenne
Sprig of parsley1 teaspoon butter
1 tablespoon shortening

Simmer stock, onion, carrot, and parsley fifteen minutes, and strain; melt shortening, add flour, and blend well; add stock and seasoning, and stir until smooth; add butter just before serving.

183.—BLACK BUTTER

1/3 cup butter¼ teaspoon onion juice
2 tablespoons vinegar¼ teaspoon Worcestershire or Brand's A 1 sauce

Cook butter until brown, but do not burn; simmer vinegar, onion juice, and sauce five minutes, and add to butter. Serve with cauliflower, celery, fried eggs, or fish. A tablespoon of chopped capers or parsley may be added.

184.—BREAD SAUCE

1½ cups milkSprig of parsley
½ onion¼ teaspoon paprika
2 cloves½ teaspoon salt
Bit of bay leaf1/3 cup soft bread crumbs

Scald milk and seasonings, except salt, in double boiler half an hour, strain, add salt and soft crumbs, and simmer ten minutes.

185.—BROWN SAUCE

1 cup brown stock¼ teaspoon salt
1 slice onion chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 slice carrot chopped1½ tablespoons butter
1 sprig parsley2½ tablespoons flour
2 cloves

Simmer stock, vegetables, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and strain; brown the butter, add flour, and brown, add stock, and beat until smooth. Any stock may be colored with a few drops of kitchen bouquet, and used; or beef cubes or extract may be used with water instead of stock, but in that case less salt and pepper should be used.

186.—CAPER SAUCE

To recipe for Drawn Butter (see No. 194) add one-fourth cup of capers.

187.—CELERY SAUCE

1 cup celery chopped1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 teaspoon grated onion½ cup milk
1 cup boiling water1 tablespoon butter
¼ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons flour

Simmer celery, onion, water, and salt for half an hour; add pepper and milk, and thicken with butter and flour creamed together.

188.—CHEESE SAUCE

1 tablespoon butter¼ teaspoon salt
1½ tablespoons flour¼ teaspoon mustard
1 cup milk¼ teaspoon paprika
1/3 cup cheese cut fine

Melt butter, add flour, and blend well; add milk and stir until smooth; add cheese and seasonings, and stir until cheese is melted.

189.—CHEESE SAUCE WITH CHIVES

Follow directions for Cheese Sauce (see No. 188), and just before serving add one tablespoon of finely chopped chives. Serve with any white fish, or with plain omelet.

190.—CIDER SAUCE

2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon paprika
2 tablespoons flour1/8 teaspoon salt
1 cup cider1/8 teaspoon mustard

Blend bacon fat and flour, add cider, and stir until boiling point is reached; add seasonings and simmer one-half hour. Serve with roast pork or ham.

191.—CREOLE SAUCE

½ can tomatoes1 tablespoon flour
2 tablespoons bacon fat¼ teaspoon salt
½ onion1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
1 green pepper

Cook tomatoes until reduced to one cup; peel and finely chop onion; remove seeds and veins from pepper, chop, and cook with onion in bacon fat for ten minutes; add flour, salt, and Worcestershire sauce, and stir well; add tomato, and simmer five minutes.

192.—CROQUETTE SAUCE

3 tablespoons shortening¼ teaspoon salt
1/3 cup bread flour1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup milk

Proceed as for White Sauce (see No. 207). Stock may be used in place of milk, and the seasonings may be varied according to the croquette material, using a few drops of onion juice, a dash of nutmeg, cayenne, paprika, or a small quantity of table sauce or ketchup.

193.—CUCUMBER SAUCE

Pare and grate two small cucumbers, drain, and season with salt, pepper, and vinegar. Serve with fish.

194.—DRAWN BUTTER

2 tablespoons butter¼ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons flour1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup hot water1 teaspoon butter

Cook butter until it bubbles, stir in flour, add hot water, salt, and pepper, and beat until smooth; add butter in small pieces just before serving.

195.—EGG SAUCE

Add to Drawn Butter (see No. 194) or White Sauce (see No. 207) one hard-cooked egg coarsely chopped.

196.—HOLLANDAISE SAUCE

¼ cup butter½ cup hot water
1 tablespoon flour1 egg yolk
½ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon lemon juice
Few grains cayenne

Cream half of the butter with flour, salt, and cayenne; add hot water, and cook over hot water for ten minutes, stirring constantly until thickened; add egg yolk slightly beaten, lemon juice, and remainder of butter; cook about two minutes, or until thick; beat well, and serve at once.

197.—HORSERADISH SAUCE

To recipe for Bread Sauce (see No. 184) add one-third cup grated horseradish and the juice of half a lemon.

198.—MINT SAUCE

1 bunch mint2 tablespoons sugar
¼ cup boiling water¼ teaspoon salt
¼ cup vinegarFew grains cayenne

Wash and dry mint, pick leaves, and chop very fine, add other ingredients, put on back of range, and keep warm for half an hour.

199.—MUSHROOM SAUCE

Wash six mushroom caps, cut in small pieces, and simmer with one teaspoon of butter for ten minutes. Add to recipe for Brown Sauce (see No. 185), or to recipe for White Sauce (see No. 207). If the mushrooms are fresh and tender the stems may be used also.

200.—MUSTARD PICKLE SAUCE

To Drawn Butter (see No. 194) add two tablespoons of mixed mustard pickles chopped.

201.—ORANGE MINT SAUCE

¼ cup vinegar1 tablespoon sugar
4 cups orange juice¼ cup mint leaves chopped
¼ teaspoon orange rind

Let stand on back of range for half an hour, and serve cold.

202.—SAUCE TARTARE

To one cup Mayonnaise Dressing (see No. 339) add three tablespoons finely chopped mixed pickles and one tablespoon finely chopped parsley.

203.—TOMATO SAUCE

1½ cups tomatoes½ teaspoon salt
½ cup hot water¼ teaspoon paprika
1 slice onion2 tablespoons bacon fat
1 clove4 tablespoons flour
1 teaspoon sugar

Simmer tomatoes, water, and seasonings for fifteen minutes, and press through a sieve; thicken with bacon fat and flour blended together, and cook five minutes. If tomatoes are very acid, add a pinch of soda.

204.—SAUCE FOR ROAST PORK OR GOOSE

Pour off most of fat in the pan, leaving two tablespoons; add three tablespoons of flour and one and a half cups of boiling water, and stir until smooth. Season with one-third teaspoon salt and one teaspoon each of mixed mustard, vinegar, and Brand's A 1 sauce.

205.—SHARP SAUCE

1½ cups vinegar½ teaspoon paprika
1 tart apple chopped fine1½ teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
1 onion chopped fine1½ cups brown sugar
¼ teaspoon salt1½ teaspoons cornstarch

Heat vinegar, add apple, onion, and seasonings; when boiling stir in the sugar and cornstarch mixed together; cook fifteen minutes. Serve cold with ham or pork.

206.—SOUBISE SAUCE

Follow recipe for White Sauce (see No. 207), and add one-fourth cup of stock, and three onions which have been cooked until tender in boiling salted water and then drained and chopped.

207.—WHITE SAUCE

2 tablespoons shortening¼ teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons flour1/8 teaspoon pepper
1 cup milk

Melt shortening, add flour, and stir until well blended; add milk and seasonings, and beat with wire whisk until smooth. For a thin sauce, use one and one-half tablespoons flour.

208.—BREAD STUFFING

¼ cup beef drippings or bacon fat¼ teaspoon pepper
1 teaspoon grated onion2 teaspoons poultry seasoning
2 cups soft stale bread crumbs½ cup boiling water
½ teaspoon salt

Melt fat in the frying pan, add onion and crumbs, and stir until crumbs begin to brown; add seasonings and boiling water; cool slightly before using.

209.—CRUST STUFFING

3 cups bread crusts broken and dried in oven1 tablespoon grated onion
½ teaspoon salt¼ teaspoon pepper
¼ cup sausage fat1 tablespoon poultry seasoning
1 cup boiling water

Put crusts in a bowl, add salt, sausage fat, and boiling water; let stand ten minutes; mix well, and add seasonings.

210.—FISH STUFFING (Bread)

2 tablespoons shortening1 teaspoon grated onion
1 cup soft stale bread crumbs1 teaspoon chopped parsley
¼ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon chopped pickles
1/8 teaspoon pepper¼ cup boiling water

Melt shortening, add crumbs, and stir until crumbs are golden brown, then add seasonings and water. The pickles may be omitted, or capers may be used in place of them.

211.—PEANUT STUFFING