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Beyond the pleasure principle

Chapter 10: INDEX
By Sigmund Freud
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Philosophy & EthicsPsychiatry/Psychology

About This Book

The work challenges the notion that mental processes are governed only by a pleasure-seeking principle, arguing that a compulsion to repeat actions and experiences—including painful or neutral ones—cannot be reduced to pursuit of pleasure. Drawing on clinical observations of trauma, childhood play, and automatic repetitions, it develops a metapsychological account in which instincts include both life-directed tendencies toward binding and connection and a proposed destructive tendency aimed at a return to an earlier inorganic condition. It examines how repression, reality constraints, and instinctual conflict shape the economy of psychic energy and tentatively posits a death-oriented drive to explain persistent repetition beyond pleasure.

INDEX

  • Acquired instinctive dispositions, 49.
  • Adaptation, 52.
    • Death a phenomenon of, 58.
  • Ambivalence, hate-love, 69.
  • Amphimixis, 60, 72.
  • Anabolic processes, 63.
  • Angst, 9.
  • Animalculae, 60, 61.
  • Anxiety dreams, 38.
  • Apprehension, 9, 37, 39.
  • Aristophanes, 74.
  • Barrier against stimuli, 33, 34, 36–7.
  • Binding, psychical, 30, 34–7, 39, 42, 44, 80–2.
  • Breuer, J., 10, 27, 30, 36, 42.
  • Calkins, 60.
  • Charge, 34–7, 80, 82.
    • Breuer’s bound or tonic, 42.
    • Counter-, 34.
    • Free-flowing, 36, 42, 80.
    • of object, 64.
    • Over-, 37, 39–40.
    • Quiescent, 35–6, 80.
  • Children, play of, 11, 16, 43.
  • Compulsion, 22, 49.
    • Daemonic, 44.
    • Destiny-, 24.
    • Repetition-. See Repetition-compulsion.
    • to repeat, 44.
  • Conjugation, 60, 63, 71–3.
  • Conscious:
    • Becoming, 27, 28.
    • ego, 19–20.
    • impulses, 3.
    • psychic processes, 32.
    • The, 19.
  • Consciousness, 3, 17, 19, 26–9, 47, 82.
    • Origin of, 28, 30.
    • Perceptual, 26.
    • Seat of, 27.
    • Threshold of, 3.
  • Conservative:
    • instincts. See under Instincts.
    • nature of living beings, 45.
  • Constancy, principle of, 4.
  • Daemonic:
    • character, 43.
    • compulsion, 44.
  • Danger, 7, 9, 49, 83.
  • Death, 47–50, 54–63, 71, 73.
    • consequence of propagation, 59.
    • from inner causes, 56, 58.
    • Goal of. See under Goal.
    • Impulsion towards, 70.
    • instincts. See under Instincts.
    • Natural, 55, 56, 58, 61–2.
    • of higher animals, 61.
    • phenomenon of adaptation, 58.
  • Destiny, 22.
    • -compulsion, 24.
  • Deussen, 75.
  • Development, 45, 47, 49–54, 59, 72, 80.
    • Impulse towards higher, 51.
    • Libido-, 66.
    • Organic, 46.
  • Doflein, Franz, 59.
  • Dreams, 9–10, 37–9, 41, 44.
    • Anxiety-, 38.
    • during psycho-analysis, 38.
    • Function of, 37–8.
    • in traumatic neuroses, 37–8.
    • -life, 9.
    • of shock-patients, 24.
    • Punishment, 38.
    • Wish-fulfilment tendency of, 10.
  • Dualistic standpoint of psycho-analysis, 67.
  • Dynamic, 1, 19, 53, 57, 62.
  • Economic, 1, 11, 16, 41, 53.
  • Ego, 5, 6, 19, 20, 24, 64, 66–70, 75, 78–9.
    • Analysis of, 68, 69.
    • Coherent, 19.
    • -conflict, 39.
    • Conscious, 19, 20.
    • -feeling, 20.
    • instinct. See under Instinct.
    • Kernel of, 19.
    • Libidinous components of, 68.
    • Libido directed towards, 65–6.
    • Masochistic tendencies of, 10.
    • Preconscious, 19, 20.
    • Psychological, 65.
  • Embryology, 29, 45.
  • Energy, 5, 31, 36.
    • Binding of, 36.
    • Bound, 30, 82.
    • charges, 34, 35.
    • Charging, 34.
    • Free, 30.
    • Free-flowing, 36, 80.
    • Instinctive, 67.
    • Propagation of, 28.
    • -transformations, 31.
    • Unbound, 82.
    • Quiescent, 36, 80.
  • Eros, 64, 67, 69, 79.
  • Excitation, 29, 33, 34, 39, 41, 42, 81, 82.
    • Barrier against, 41.
    • Bound, 81.
    • Disturbing, 38.
    • External, 34.
    • from within, 32, 33.
    • Heightened state of, 81.
    • Inner, 4.
    • Instinct, 42, 81.
    • Instinctive, 80.
    • Mass of, 33, 35, 37.
    • Quantity of, 2, 3, 81.
    • Perceptions of, 26.
    • processes, 25, 27–30, 35.
    • Propagation of, 28.
    • Sexual, 39.
    • Traces of, 27, 30.
    • Traumatic, 34.
    • Unbound, 81.
  • Experiences:
    • Painful, 6, 13;
      • repeated as a game, 13, 15, 43.
    • Pleasurable, 43.
    • Primary e. of satisfaction, 53.
    • Repetition of identical, 22, 23.
    • Revival of past, 20.
    • Traumatic, 10.
  • Fate, 22, 23, 24.
  • Fear, 9.
  • Fechner, G. Th., 3, 4.
  • Feeling, 2.
    • Ego-, 20.
    • Hostile, 15.
    • of ‘pain’, 26, 33.
    • of pleasure, 26, 33.
    • Painful, 20.
    • Pleasure-pain, 4, 33.
  • Ferenczi, 10, 52.
  • Fixation, 20.
  • Fliess, W., 56.
  • Fright, 9, 36, 37.
    • -neurosis, 9.
  • Furcht, 9.
  • Game:
    • Child’s, 12.
    • Meaning of, 13.
    • Painful experience repeated as, 13, 15, 43.
    • Repetition of, 43.
  • Genital primacy, 69.
  • Germ cell, 45, 54, 56, 64, 72, 76.
    • Narcissistic behaviour of, 63.
  • Germ-plasm, 57, 58, 62.
  • Goal, 47, 53.
    • Life-, 49.
    • Tendency towards, 4.
    • of life, 47–9, 51.
    • of organic striving, 47.
  • Goette, 59.
  • Gomperz, Prof. Hein., 74.
  • Hartmann, Max, 59.
  • Hate, 68, 69.
  • Heredity, 45, 57.
  • Hering, E., 62.
  • ‘Hunger and Love’, 65.
  • Imitation impulse, 16.
  • Immortality, 50, 54, 56–62, 72.
    • of protozoa, 60.
    • of unicellular beings, 59.
  • Impulse, 7, 14, 22, 51.
    • Conscious, 3.
    • Contemned, 38.
    • Imitation, 16.
    • Libidinous, 68.
    • of revenge, 14.
    • Play, 24.
    • Repressed, 20.
    • Sadistic, 69.
    • Stages of, 51.
    • towards higher development, 51.
    • towards perfection, 52–3.
  • Inertia, in organic life, 45.
  • Infantile:
    • influences, 22.
    • life, 44.
    • psychic life, 43.
    • sex-life, 18, 20.
  • Inferiority complex, 21.
  • Inheritance tendencies, 73.
  • Inherited instinctive dispositions, 49.
  • Instability, conditions of, 3.
  • Instinct, 5, 6, 41, 46, 48–53, 64–8, 70, 73–4, 77, 79–80, 82–3.
    • Aim of, 46.
    • compelling repetition, 46.
    • Conception of, 44–5.
    • Conservative, 46, 48;
      • c. ego-, 54;
      • c. organic, 47;
      • c. sexual, 50.
    • Death-, 54–5, 58–9, 62–3, 67–9, 71–3, 77, 79, 82–3.
    • Destruction-, 79.
    • Ego-, 51, 54–5, 64, 66–8, 79;
    • Libidinous nature of, 79.
    • Egoistic-, 79.
    • excitations, 42, 81.
    • First, 47.
    • Foregoing the satisfaction of, 13.
    • for reunion, 76.
    • Inborn, 5.
    • Libidinous, 67–8, 79.
    • Life-, 50–1, 54–5, 57, 62–3, 67–8, 73, 77, 79, 82.
    • Narcissistic, 79.
    • Nature of, 44.
    • Object-, 79.
    • of self-assertion, 48.
    • Part-, 48, 69, 70, 80.
    • Power-, 14, 48.
    • Regressive character of, 76.
    • Repression of, 52.
    • Self-preservative, 5, 48, 49, 64, 66, 67, 68, 79.
    • Sexual, 49–51, 54, 55, 57, 63–8, 70, 72, 78, 79;
      • libidinous, 79,
      • libidinous components of, 69,
      • origin of, 74.
    • Theory of, 68, 70, 76.
    • Two kinds of, 57.
    • Unsatisfied, 6.
    • Vital, 63, 64.
  • Introversion, 66.
  • Investment-energy, quiescent (bound) and free-moving, 30.
    • See Charge.
  • Jealousy, 14, 21, 22.
  • Jung, C. G., 23, 67.
  • Katabolic processes, 63.
  • Libido, 64–7, 79.
    • concept, 65, 70, 79.
    • development, 66.
    • directed towards the ego, 65–6.
    • distribution, 39–40.
    • Narcissistic, 66–7, 69, 79.
    • Oral stages of, 69.
    • quantities, 67.
    • Reservoir of, 66.
    • theory, 40, 63, 64, 67.
  • Life, 47–8, 50, 55, 58, 62, 63.
    • Beginnings of, 79.
    • Dawn of, 51.
    • Forces tending to preserve, 62.
    • Goal of. See under Goal.
    • -instincts. See under Instincts.
    • Instinctive, 62.
    • Length of, 56.
    • Love-, 69.
    • Menace to, 36.
    • process, 71.
    • Prolongation of, 54, 58, 63, 73.
    • Properties of, 47.
    • Renewal of, 57, 71, 73.
    • Rhythm in, 50–1.
    • Stimuli dangerous to, 76.
  • Lipschütz, Alex., 59, 60, 71.
  • Loeb, J., 61.
  • Love, 21, 68, 69.
  • Low, Barbara, 71.
  • Marcinowski, 21.
  • Masochistic tendencies of the ego, 10.
  • Masochism, 70.
    • primary, 70.
  • Maupas, 60.
  • Mechanical:
    • concussion, 39.
    • force, 39.
    • shock, 8.
    • stimuli, 7.
  • Memory, 22, 28.
    • -records, 27.
    • -traces, 27–8;
      • repressed, 44.
  • Metabolism, 58, 61, 71.
  • Metapsychology, 1, 26, 35.
  • Metazoa, 57.
  • Multicellular organisms, 57–8, 63, 76.
  • Narcissism, 68, 76.
  • Narcissistic:
    • behaviour of germ cells, 63.
    • instincts, 79.
    • libido, 66, 67, 69, 79.
    • over-charging of the injured part, 39–40.
    • scar, 20.
  • Neuroses, 8–9, 18, 39.
    • Fright-, 9.
    • Shock, 10.
    • Theory of the, 49, 50, 64.
  • Nirvana-principle, 71.
  • Object, 63–6, 69, 70, 74, 78–9.
    • Annihilation of, 69.
    • Charging of, 64.
    • Injury of, 69.
    • -instinct, 79.
    • Libidinous investment of, 66.
    • -love, 68.
    • Sex-, 69.
  • Oedipus complex, 18.
  • Oral stage of libido, 69.
  • Organic:
    • compulsion to repetition, 45.
    • development, 47.
  • Pain, 35.
    • Bodily, 34.
  • ‘Pain’, 1–3, 5–6, 20, 22, 26, 33, 38, 80–2.
    • Avoidance of, 1, 38.
    • feelings, 33.
    • Feelings (Empfindungen) of, 26.
    • Neurotic, 6.
    • Sensations of, 81.
  • Part-instinct, 48, 69, 70, 80.
  • Perfection, impulse towards, 52.
  • Pfeifer, S., 11.
  • Philosophy, 1, 2, 63, 65.
  • Plato, 74–5.
  • Play:
    • -impulse, 24.
    • of children, 11–16, 43.
    • Motive of, 16.
  • Pleasure, 1–6, 11, 15, 16, 22, 26, 33, 38, 52, 81.
  • Pleasure-pain, 4, 33, 82.
  • Pleasure-principle, 1–7, 13, 15–16, 20, 24–5, 34, 37–9, 42–4, 71, 80–3.
    • Beyond the, 16, 24, 38.
    • Dominance of, 82.
    • Frustration of, 4–6.
    • Replaced by reality-principle, 5.
    • Supremacy of, 3.
    • Tendencies beyond, 16.
  • Pleasure-tendency, 4.
  • Power-instinct, 14.
  • Preconscious, 19, 41.
    • ego, 19, 20.
    • material, 42.
    • residues, 42.
  • Pregenital organisation, 69.
  • Primary:
    • experience of satisfaction, 53.
    • Masochism, 70.
    • process, 80, 81.
  • Projection, 33.
  • Propagation, 57–9, 65, 69, 72.
    • and death, 59.
    • Death the consequence of, 59.
    • Function of, 79.
    • of energy, 28.
    • Sexual, 60, 72.
  • Protective barrier, 31, 37, 41, 76.
  • Protozoa, 55, 58–62, 70–1, 73, 76.
    • Immortality of, 60.
  • Psychic:
  • Punishment dreams, 38.
  • Pythagoras, 75.
  • Rank, 70.
  • Reaction-formation, 53, 65.
  • Reality-principle, 5, 7, 20, 42.
    • Pleasure-principle replaced by, 5.
  • Regression, 46, 52, 70.
  • Regressive character of:
    • ego-instincts, 54.
    • instincts, 76.
  • Re-incarnation, 75.
  • Reinstatement of:
  • Rejuvenation, 60, 63, 71, 73.
  • Repetition, 18, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52, 55, 72.
    • Endless r. of the same, 23.
    • Instincts compelling, 46.
    • of identical experiences, 22–3,
    • processes, 80.
  • Repetition-compulsion, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 38, 39, 42, 44, 55, 72, 76.
    • Organic, 45.
  • Repressed:
    • impulses, 20.
    • instinct, 52.
    • material, 19, 20.
    • memory-traces, 44.
    • sex-impulses, 6.
    • The, 19, 38.
  • Repressing agency, 65.
  • Repression, 6, 18, 19, 24, 53.
    • of instinct, 52.
  • Reproductive cells, 49, 50, 57.
  • Resistance, 17, 19, 20, 24, 30, 53.
  • Retrogression, 51–2.
  • Return to:
    • lifelessness, 47.
    • the inorganic, 48, 81.
  • Rückert, 83.
  • Sadism, 69, 70.
  • Schopenhauer, 63.
  • Secondary process, 44, 80, 81, 82.
  • Self-preservation:
  • Sex, 57, 73, 78.
    • distinction, 51.
    • impulses, 5;
      • repressed, 6.
    • -life, infantile, 18, 20.
    • -object, 69.
    • -quest, 21.
  • Sexuality, 51, 65, 57.
    • Conception of, 76.
    • Origin of, 73.
  • Shock, 36.
    • -dream, 24.
    • Dreams of s. patients, 24.
    • Mechanical, 8.
    • neuroses, 10.
    • theory, 36.
  • Simmel, 10.
  • Spielrein, Sabina, 70.
  • Stability:
    • Conditions of, 3.
    • Tendency towards, 4.
  • Stärcke, A., 70.
  • Stimulation, 83.
    • Protection against, 30, 32.
  • Stimuli, 29–34, 37, 41, 50, 52, 76, 83.
    • Barrier against, 33, 34, 36, 37.
    • Chemical, 71.
    • Control of, 37.
    • dangerous to life, 76.
    • Defence against, 37.
    • Mechanical, 71.
    • Protection against, 31, 33.
    • Reception of, 29, 31, 32.
  • Stimulus masses, 31, 34, 71.
  • Sublimation, 52, 53.
  • System:
  • Tasso, 23.
  • Tension, 82.
    • Unpleasant state of, 1.
    • Chemical, 71.
    • Relaxation of, 1, 53.
  • Trauma, 34, 37, 39.
    • External, 34.
    • Fixation on, 10.
  • Traumatic:
    • excitation, 34.
    • experiences, 10.
    • impressions, 39.
    • neurosis, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42;
      • dreams in, 37, 38.
    • neurosis of peace, 8.
  • Unconscious, 17, 19, 27.
    • charges, 41.
    • mental process ‘timeless’, 32.
    • processes, 26, 27.
    • resistances, 19.
    • Systems, 41–2.
    • The, 19, 42.
  • Unicellular beings, 57, 59, 63.
    • Immortality of, 59.
  • Upanishads, 75.
  • Vesicle, 29, 30, 31, 32.
  • War neuroses, 8, 9, 10, 39.
  • W-Bw., the system, 26–7, 32.
  • Weismann, A., 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 73.
  • Wish-fulfilment, 37, 38.
    • tendency of dreams, 10;
      • prehistoric past of, 38.
  • Woodruff, 59, 60, 61.
  • Ziegler, K., 75.