Big Game Shooting, volume 2 (of 2)

More than all the pleasures which the rich man feels as he surveys his Murillos or his Raphaels are the hunter’s, as his eyes wander over his antlered walls. He shot the beasts whose spoils are round him, and in the doing of it scenes were graven on his memory which can never be effaced; mental and physical qualities which, but for these silent witnesses, Age the doubter would persuade him that he never possessed, were tried and not found wanting.

But what can bought heads be to the buyer? Furniture for his rooms perhaps, and, even so, misleading; for if a house is to be worth anything, it should represent the tastes and life of the man who lives in it. As a rule, it is long odds that the owners of bought trophies cannot so much as remember the shape of the beasts whose horns they hang up, much less have they any associations connected with them. At the best, they are but costly rubbish; unfortunately they are worse than that. The demand for antlers and sheep’s horns insures a supply being secured in some way, and so it happens that in Canada to-day every up-country trader has been supplied with a printed list of the prices which will be paid for trophies, according to the number of inches they measure round the base or the length and span of the antlers.

In one trader’s house which I know there are nearly a hundred magnificent sheep’s heads waiting for a purchaser, most of which have been brought in by Stony Indians, whom no law can touch for shooting in season or out of season.

The damage done by this head-hunting is twofold: first, to the sportsman, whom it will eventually deprive of his game; secondly, to the country, as tending to rob it of the attractions which it possesses for a class which brings a great deal of money into it. A fair sheep’s head may be bought for twenty-five dollars, but many a hundred pounds of good English money has before now been distributed amongst the natives and traders of British Columbia in the attempt to obtain such a head by fair shooting. No doubt efforts have been made by the legislature to protect the game; but in those countries to which I have had access I have found that, though the laws were good enough, they were rendered useless through lack of men to enforce them.

In Canada no game laws can ever be of much avail as long as the Indian is allowed the privileges which he at present enjoys.

But the principal business of this chapter is to instruct the hunter in the best methods of preserving his trophies when fairly won, until such time as he can hand them over to one of our excellent practical taxidermists at home. In nine cases out of ten, the head is all that a man cares to preserve, and those who are wise will not cumber their houses with too many even of these with the masks on. In spite of infinite pains, moth and dust will corrupt the most carefully guarded collections. However, if you want to mount the head with skin and all complete, let your first care be to sketch or photograph it in profile before the skinner’s knife has touched it, in order that the man who sets up the trophy may have some idea of what it looked like in life.

If the hunter cannot sketch decently, a kodak is a good substitute for the pencil, or the proportions and various bumps and inequalities in the outline may be accurately preserved by laying the head upon a sheet of paper and tracing its outline with a simple instrument, consisting of two pieces of metal four or five inches in length, set at right angles to one another, with a socket at the angle into which a lead pencil is fixed, so that the point projects just far enough to make a mark upon the paper, when, with the lower side upon the paper and the upright side against the head, an outline of the profile is taken. Outlines or photographs should be made as soon after death as possible, before the muscles have time to sink and lose their natural prominence.

In skinning a horned head proceed as follows:—

Slit the back of the neck up the middle to a point between the horns, then make a crosscut from the base of one antler to the base of the other. This will give you a cut shaped thus, T. Now separate the skin from the skull round the base of each antler, and be careful not to cut the coat unnecessarily during the operation. Next turn the head over and begin at the other end, severing the inner side of the lips from the gums as high up as you can reach, and skinning the muzzle as far back as you can. Then peel off the whole mask from the antlers downwards to the muzzle, being specially careful not to slit the skin, either at the eyes or at the nostrils, which are the tenderest portions of it. Be careful to preserve a sufficiently long neck, and do not let your Indian or Tartar cut the beast’s throat (as he will do if you do not watch him), as nothing looks worse than a taxidermist’s stitches showing under the throat of a trophy.

If you have followed these directions, you will have preserved so far the entire lips of the animal. Now take your knife and slit the lips, separating the inner from the outer skin, and dress the cut so made thoroughly well with powdered alum. Having removed the skin from the skull, you may clean this part of the trophy, either by boiling it if you have a pot with you large enough for that operation, or if not, after whittling out the eyes, brains, and any flesh you can readily detach, you may hang it up in a tree, out of reach of coyotes to dry, until fit for packing. Before putting your skins and skulls apart to dry, mark them carefully with corresponding numbers, to prevent mistakes later on.

Should you wish, however, to skin a beast whole for mounting in some museum or elsewhere, you must proceed as directed by my friend, Mr. John Fannin, curator of the Museum of British Columbia, whose directions I have slightly altered to suit my purpose, and inserted below.

Turn the beast on to his back and make cut 1, from the point of the breastbone along the centre of the belly to the root of the tail, taking care only to cut through the skin, and not into the intestines. A few pieces of fine brush, laid on the inside of the skin as you peel it off, serve to protect the skin from any blood which may escape from the bullet wounds or elsewhere during the operation of skinning.

Next, make a cut from the hoof of each foreleg to the upper end of cut 1, making the incision down the hind part of each foreleg. Make a cut from the hoof of each hind leg, along the hinder part of it to the lower end of cut 1. Now skin round the legs; sever the leg bones at the knee and hock joints, leaving these bones with the hoofs attached to the skin, but with the skin freed down to the hoofs. Now skin the animal in the ordinary manner, using the edge and not the point of your knife, and on reaching the neck make the T shaped cut described above, along the top of the neck and between the antlers. This will allow the skin to be removed entirely from the head; but before proceeding with the head the skin should be removed from the body as far as the head, and the head severed at the neck joint.

Having washed any blood off the hair and detached every fragment of meat or fat which you can get off the skin, stretch it out upon the ground in some airy spot where it can dry naturally, unaffected by sun or fire. Dress the skin with powdered alum, or failing that with wood ashes, and don’t peg it out. When prepared in a solution of soda by the taxidermist at home, the alum-dried skin will become as pliable as kid and will resume its natural proportions, and these should satisfy any honest hunter.

The methods recommended in this chapter are of course only for preserving trophies in the field. All trophies should be sent home for final preparation as soon as possible, either prepared with alum and packed dry, or in a tub of pickle composed of alum and salt in the proportion of two-thirds of the former to one-third of the latter.

Some men make a practice of carrying a saw with them to divide antlers and skulls for greater convenience in packing, sawing the skull right through from crest to nose; but though trophies are undoubtedly somewhat easier to pack in this way, I do not recommend it, as a very heavy wapiti head of mine so treated is constantly annoying me now by breaking away from the rivets which should hold it, to come thundering upon the ground.

In sending skins home from temperate regions I have never found it necessary to use any preservative against insects other than the powdered alum with which the skins are dressed; but in hot climates more elaborate precautions are necessary, and a liberal dose of spirits of turpentine should be applied externally from time to time.

An application of spirits of turpentine put on with a liberal hand, and brushed in, the way of the hair, with a dandy brush at spring-time, will go a long way towards saving trophies from the ravages of moth.

A covering of fine glazed gauze, made like a nosebag, is useful as a protection to heads left stored in an unused room.

Here it may be convenient to set out the ordinary systems of measuring game trophies amongst English sportsmen.

Skins are measured from the snout to the tip of the tail, and from side to side under the forearms.

There is a system of measuring bear skins upon the American continent which may have given rise to some errors—to wit, measuring from the ‘heel to the snout.’

In measuring the heads of sheep, ibex, and such like, the chief points are the girth of the horns at the base, and the length of each of them from base to point measured along the outside edge of the curve.

In measuring stags’ heads the points to note are: (1) the number of points or tines, (2) the length of the horn measured from the skull along the outside curve of the beam to the tip of the longest tine, (3) the greatest width between the horns, and (4) the circumference of the beam between the bay and the tray points. The diagram on p. 419 illustrates these measurements, indicates the points named, and displays the normal growth of tines in a wapiti head.

A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BIG GAME SHOOTING, etc.

Since it seems impossible that any one man should have a thoroughly comprehensive knowledge of all forms of sport in any given district, it has been thought well to give here a short list of the best books known to the present writer upon most of the topics dealt with in these pages, in order that those specially interested may see at a glance where to turn for further information. There are, of course, a vast number of books written upon sport in different parts of the globe; but it is hoped that those quoted below will be found to cover most of the ground. Where opinions vary it is left to the reader to compare evidence, and judge for himself.

This seems an appropriate opportunity for acknowledging, in as brief a space as possible, but as heartily as can be conveyed by written words, the indebtedness of those employed upon these volumes for the invaluable assistance rendered by a host of friends too numerous for special mention, for information given, and photographs sent. It is hoped that the use made of their contributions will be a sufficient reward for the trouble they have taken.

Books recommended for perusal

FOOTNOTES

INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME

• ‘A’ tent, the, 395
• Abyssinia, 325
• Adam zad (sloth bear), 186
• Afghan Boundary Commission, 321
• Afghanistan, 312, 315, 321
• Air cushions, 386
• Akershus, Norway, 125
• Alaghir, Caucasus, 49
• Albania, 77
• Aleknanda river, India, 325
• Alexander II. of Russia, 168
• Alichur Pamir, 374
• Allahabad, 226
• Allia (elephant), 228
• Almanzor, Spain, 179
• Alpenstocks, 29, 57
• Alpine stag. See Red deer
• Alpine tent, Whymper’s, 385
• Altai, the, 73, 74, 75, 291
• Altyn-Tagh, the, 299
• American stag, the Great, 36
• Ammunition. See Rifles
• Amsterdam Island, Spitzbergen, 19
• Anar (native fireworks), 189
• Anay (elephant), 228
• Andalusia, 177-179
• Andorra, 179
• Antelope, Caucasian (Antilope saiga), 44, 45
• Antelope, Indian (Antilope Bezoartica), 345;
• native methods of hunting, 347;
• stalking, 349;
• pugnacity of the bucks, 352;
• measurements, 357
• Antelope, Mongolian (Antilope subgutturosa), 74
• Antelope, Saiga (Saiga tartarica), characteristics, 340;
• measurements, 343
• Antelope, Thibetan (Pantholops Hodgsonii), 335;
• characteristics, 339;
• measurements, 343
• Antlers and horns, traffic in, 415
• Ants, red, danger of, in tiger shooting, 214
• Aoula (Phyllanthus emblica), 354
• Aparejo, the Mexican, 381, 382
• Arakan, 234, 334
• Aranjuez, 176
• Ararat, 52
• Araxes, the, 44
• Arco, Count, 81, 116
• Arcot rogue elephant, the, 233
• Arctic regions, sport in the, 11;
• walrus hunting, 3-15;
• bear hunting, 15-21
• Arkar (female poli), 367
• Arná (Arni), buffalo, 253
• Arundo phragmites (Caucasian reed), 31
• Asia Minor, 228, 321
• ‘Asian,’ the, quoted. See Measurements
• Assam, game in, 221, 228, 233, 234, 240, 248, 253, 254, 258, 262, 265, 267
• Astor, game in, 277, 302, 303, 311, 312, 313, 315, 368
• Asturias, the, 175-178
• Attock, 315
• Augustus, Elector, 116
• Aurochs (Bos bonasus), Caucasian, 65;
• former range of, 65;
• hunting, 66-71;
• measurements, 70;
• description, 72;
• in Biolvitskia forest, habits, 167;
• measurements, 167;
• a typical drive, 170-172
• Austria, Emperor of, 85, 98
• Austria, the late Crown Prince of, 116
• Austria, Upper, 78;
• red deer in, 112, 117
• Authorities for measurements of game. See Measurements
• Baikal, Sea of, 291
• Baillie-Grohman, W. A., on the chamois, 77-111;
• on the Alpine stag, 112-122
• Baker, Colonel James, on the battery, 412
• Baker, Sir Samuel W., on lions, cheetahs and tigers, 211;
• on African elephants, 233;
• his choice of rifles and bullets, 397, 398, 406
• Baksan, the, Caucasus, 41
• Baku, 45
• Baldwin, Captain, on a tiger’s method of killing, 211
• Balkar pastures, Caucasus, 42
• Balkaria, 42
• Ball-guns, 399-401
• Balsam boughs, for camp bedding, 386
• Baltistan, 299
• Ban bakri (gooral), 329
• Ban Bhains (buffalo), 253
• Banteng (Burmese wild ox), 248
• Baral (Barut), burrel, 299
• Barasingh (Cashmerian deer), 36, 374;
• sambur, 257;
• swamp deer, 265
• Barhamputra, 265
• Barking (rib-faced) deer. See Deer
• Barse (Caucasian lynx), the, 42, 43
• Battery, for arctic sporting, 3;
• for wild boar, 35;
• for red deer, 119;
• for elk, 152;
• for bears, 160;
• rifles and their ammunition, 394;
• the Express, and bullets suited for, 394-399;
• ball-guns, 399;
• the Paradox, 399-401;
• small-bores for elephant shooting, 401;
• systems of actions for rifles, 402-404;
• selection of battery, 403;
• the recoil heelplate, 404;
• spare weapons, 404;
• spare limbs, 405;
• turnscrews, 405;
• triggers and stocks, 405, 406;
• cartridges, 405;
• rebounding locks, 406;
• loops for slings, 407;
• stops to hammers, 407;
• brass cases, 407;
• tins for cartridges, 407;
• the ‘Shikari’ rifle case, 408;
• rifle sights, 408-412
• Bavaria, King of, 94
• Bavarian Highlands, chamois shooting in, 78;
• attitude of poachers and keepers, 80;
• shooting season, 80;
• size of stags in, 117
• Bavarian keepers, 80, 94, 97
• Bear, brown, Caucasian, 40;
• his haunts, 40;
• characteristics, 41;
• Norwegian, 155;
• Russian, 154;
• food, 154;
• size, 154;
• tenacity of life, 154;
• methods of hunting, 155;
• sporting incidents with, 156-160
• Bears, Indian-Beluchistan (Ursus gedrosianus), 193;
• black, Himalayan (Ursus torquatus), 186;
• habitat, 186;
• method of shooting, 187;
• measurements, 194;
• Burmese (Ursus malayanus), 193;
• measurements, 194;
• piebald (Ailuropus melanoleucos), 194;
• measurements, 194;
• sloth (Ursus labiatus), 186;
• habitat, 188;
• method of hunting, 189;
• measurements, 194;
• snow (Ursus Isabellinus), 186;
• habitat, 186;
• method of hunting, 188;
• measurements, 194
• Bear, Polar. See Polar bear
• Bears, Russian, driving, 161;
• arranging for a hunt, 161;
• cost of same, 162;
• ‘ringing,’ 162;
• a typical drive, 164-167
• Bears, Spanish, 176;
• hereditary hunting, 177
• Bedding, hemlock, 386
• Bees, danger of, in tiger shooting, 214
• Bells for pack-horses, 380
• Belts for cartridges, 387
• Beluchistan, 193, 304, 315, 321, 362
• Beluchistan bear. See Bears, Indian
• Bena (musk deer), 283
• Bengal, 213
• Bezoar stone, 109
• Bhalu (sloth bear), 186
• Bheria (Indian wolf), 225
• Bhootan, 240, 265, 325
• Bibliography of big game shooting, 421
• Biddulph, Major, 342
• Bielaia river, Caucasus, 38
• Bielowicza (Biolvitskia), Lithuania, 38, 39, 65, 167, 168
• Bikanir Desert, 345, 346, 355, 362
• Bind-hund (leash hound), the, 135, 144
• Bir Shumshir, Maharajah of Nepal, 201
• Bird Bay, Spitzbergen, 12
• Bison. See Gaur
• Black bear, the Himalayan. See Bears, Indian
• Black Point, Spitzbergen, 14, 15
• Black Sea, coast of the, 32, 34, 41, 42, 44, 50
• Blanford, W. T., 283;
• asserts Ovis Poli and O. Karelini to be the same species, 291
• Blankets, 385
• Blyth, Mr., on the burrel, 299;
• on the colour of the serow, 334
• Boar, wild (Sus indicus), 237
• Boathooks, 10
• Boats used for walrus hunting, 9
• Bodok (rhinoceros), 234
• Bombay (Presidency), tiger hunting in, 203, 205, 206
• Boom (markhor), 309
• Boonji Plain, 302
• Boorendo Pass, 299
• Boortsa eurotia (Pamir shrub), 373
• Boots, 28
• Borneo, 236
• Boz Pasang (ibex), 321
• British Columbia, essentials of a camp outfit in, 378;
• sporting expenses, 415
• British Museum, specimens in, 221, 238, 239, 249, 260, 266, 268, 283, 313, 315, 331, 335, 340, 341
• Brooke, Sir Victor, on the ibex, 180;
• his big tusker, 233;
• on the barasingh, 276
• Brow-antlered or Eld’s deer. See Deer
• Brown bear. See Bear, brown
• Bucardo (Aragonese ibex), 179
• Buckskin gloves, 389
• Buffalo, Indian (Bubalus arni), habitat, 253;
• method of shooting, 254;
• measurements, 256
• Bukowina, the, 114
• Bullets. See Rifles
• Bunchowr (yak), 249
• Burmah, game in, 196, 218, 228, 233, 234, 240, 248, 253, 258, 262, 268, 269, 288
• Burmese bears. See Bears, Indian
• Burmese wild ox (Gavæus sondaicus), 248
• Burrel (Capra cylindricornis or pallasi), 64, 302;
• Barbary (Ammotragus tragelaphus), 302;
• Ovis Nahura, vel Burhel, 299;
• habitat, 299;
• habits, 300;
• measurements, 305
• Burrhel, Caucasian, 51
• Buskerud, Norway, 125
• Cabra montés (Andalusian ibex), 179
• Cæsar, on the elk, 123
• Cambridge Museum, 186
• Camp:
• the equipage and its transport, 377;
• in British Columbia, 378;
• buying and hiring pack ponies, 379;
• weight each animal should carry, 379;
• horse furniture, 380;
• use of the horse bell, 380;
• hobbling and picketing ponies, 380;
• pack-saddles, 380;
• sweat-pads and saddle-blankets, 381;
• tying on packs, 381;
• the packman and cook, 382;
• manteaux, 382, 386;
• cinches and ropes, 382;
• bags and labels, 382;
• carrying matches, 383;
• arrangement of packs, 383;
• list of stores and requisites for five men for two months, 383, 384;
• kitchen gear, 385;
• ‘sleeping outfit,’ 385;
• tents, 385;
• sleeping bags and blankets, 385;
• air-cushions, 386;
• making a bedstead, 386;
• brush beds, 386;
• character of clothing, 387;
• foot-gear, 387;
• cartridge belts, 387;
• hunting-knife fastening, 388;
• knickerbockers and trousers, 388;
• list of clothing for a two months’ expedition, 389;
• early starting, 389;
• dealing with the pack ponies, 390;
• midday halts, 391;
• choice of site for pitching, 392;
• avoidance of Indian camping grounds, 392;
• use of horse blankets for human night covering, 392;
• duties when camped, 393;
• medicines, 393
• Campione, M. (forest ranger at Biolvitskia), 169-172
• Canada, game laws in, 416
• Cantabrian highlands, Spain, 177
• Cape Leigh Smith (Storö), 9
• Capercailzie, 146
• Capra ægagrus, 64
• Capra caucasica, 52, 53
• Capra cylindricornis, 52, 53, 55
• Capra pallasi, 52, 53
• Capra sibirica, 74
• Carnicero (Spanish bear), 177
• Carpathians, the, chamois in, 77, 81
• Carpeto-Vetonico mountains, (Spain), 179
• Cartridge belts, 387
• Cartridge tins, 407
• Cartridges, 405, 407
• Cashmere, shikaris and coolies in, 184;
• sport in, 274, 275, 277, 312, 313, 325, 332, 333, 334
• Cashmere stag (Cervus cashmirianus; Cervus Wallichii), 274;
• antlers, 275;
• habitat, 277;
• calling season, 278;
• method of stalking, 280;
• measurements, 284
• Caspian Sea, 50, 196, 342
• Castile, 179
• Caucasian brown bears, 40-42, 58
• Caucasus, sport in the, 22;
• modes of reaching, 23;
• outfit for, 24;
• guides, 25;
• conduct towards natives, 26;
• sleeping in the mountains, 26;
• camp necessaries, 28;
• foot gear, 28;
• cost of an expedition, 29;
• language, 29;
• interpreters, 30;
• the north-west, 30;
• hunting the wild boar, 31-35;
• the ollèn, 35-37;
• the roe, 37;
• superstitions in, 38;
• the zubre, 38, 39;
• southern slopes of, 39;
• its vegetation, 39;
• the brown bear, 40-42, 58;
• varieties of bear, 41;
• the barse, 42;
• plains of, 44;
• djerân, 45-47, 342;
• mountaineers of Marmisson, 48, 342;
• mountain game of the, 48;
• home of the Ossete and the tûr, 49;
• chamois, 50;
• tûr, burrhel, 51;
• Hircus ægagrus, 52;
• modes of hunting tûr, 53;
• clothing for, 56;
• mountaineering necessaries in Ossetia, 57;
• stalking tûr, 58;
• a tûr shooting adventure, 59-63;
• mountain mists, 62;
• superstitions of natives, 63;
• the aurochs, 65-72;
• ibex, 321
• Cayuses, 380, 392
• Central Alps, 117
• Central Asia, 363, 373
• Central India, bear in, 188, 190;
• lions, 195;
• method of hunting tigers in, 203;
• notes on game in, 211, 213, 219, 222, 224, 228, 240, 253, 254, 259, 265, 267, 353
• Central Indian horse, their method of panther-hunting, 221
• Central Provinces, India, 360
• Ceumern, Governor-General de, 169, 172
• Ceumern, Madame de, 169
• Ceylon, game in, 196, 218, 221, 228, 240, 253, 257, 262, 288, 328
• Chakrata, India, 219
• Chamba, Himalayas, 219, 325
• Chamois, Caucasian, 50, 51
• Chamois, Spanish (Antilope rupicapra), 175, 176, 179
• Chamois, Swiss, 77
• Chamois, Tyrolean, 77;
• sport in peasant shoots, 78;
• poachers and keepers, 80;
• shooting season, 80;
• heads and horns, 81;
• preserves and peasant-shoots, 82;
• cost of a preserve, 83;
• rights of chase, 84;
• stalking, 85;
• a typical stalk, 86-92;
• another stalking incident, 93-97;
• rifles and kit for stalking, 98-100;
• driving, 100-109;
• jumping powers, 105;
• history of, 109
• Changchmeno Valley, 250, 335
• Chanko (Thibetan wolf), 226
• Cháorang (four-horned antelope), 356
• Charsingha (four-horned antelope), 356
• Chatterton, Mr., death of, 255
• Chenab, the, 345
• Chikara (Indian gazelle), 355
• China, 331
• Chiru (Choos), Thibetan antelope, 335
• Chita, or hunting leopard (Felis jubata), its method of striking its prey, 211;
• habitat, 222;
• used for hunting antelopes, 222;
• habits, 222;
• measurements, 225
• Chital (Chitra), spotted deer, 264
• Chittagong, 248
• Choka (four-horned antelope), 356
• Chota soor (pigmy hog), 237
• Christian, Norway, 125
• Christiania, 123-125
• Chumatung, on the Indus, 300
• Chumba, Himalayas, 184, 188, 215, 329
• Cinches for packing, 382
• Cintra hills, 179
• Circassia, 31, 38, 39
• Clothing, for arctic sporting, 3;
• for the Caucasus, 56;
• for the Tyrol, 100;
• for North America, 387;
• list of, for a two months’ expedition, 389
• Cobbold, Mr., 73
• Cocoa, advantages of, for sporting expeditions, 384
• Cook and packman, in a sporting expedition, 382, 383
• Cookson, Lieut.-Col. Fife, on a tiger’s method of stalking a bait, 209
• Coolies, Indian, number required in shooting expeditions, 183
• Cooper, Frank, 37
• Corpse Rocks, Spitzbergen, 20
• Cossack boar hunters, 32
• Cossim Bazar Island, 197
• Crampons, 99
• Crasova, Novgorod, 164
• Crimea, 38
• Crocodile, Indian method of catching, 238;
• measurements, 239
• Cumberland, Major, 283, 342
• Daghestan, 35, 37, 52
• Danes Island, Spitzbergen, 18, 19
• Danford, Mr., his estimate of the altitudes preferred by the Persian and Sindh ibex, 321
• Dashkat (Datchnar) valley, 313
• Daudpore, 197
• David, Père, discovers a piebald bear, 194;
• and the burrel, 299;
• the Thibetan capricorn, 334;
• the Budorcas taxicolor, 335
• Day’s march with pack ponies, routine of, 389-393
• Deer, barking, or rib-faced. See Deer, rib-faced
• Deer, brow-antlered or Eld’s (Rucervus vel Panolia Eldii), 268;
• method of hunting, 269;
• measurements, 273
• Deer, rib-faced, or barking (Cervulus aureus, vel Muntjac), habitat, 288;
• characteristics, 288;
• curious clicking noise emitted by, 289;
• measurements, 290
• Deer, sambur. See Sambur
• Deer, Schomburgk’s (Rucervus Schomburgkii), 266;
• measurements, 273
• Deer, Spanish fallow (Cervus dama), 176
• Deer, spotted (Axis maculatus), 264;
• stalking, 264;
• gregarious, 264;
• measurements, 271
• Deer, swamp (Rucervus Duvaucelli), 265;
• antlers, 266;
• habits, 267;
• measurements, 272
• Deesa, 362
• Dera Ghazi Khan, 315
• Dera Ismail Khan, 315
• Dewanna (Kirghiz hunter), 366, 369-373
• Deyhra Doon, 228, 262, 265
• Diamond-hitch in packing, 381, 382
• Dinapore, 236
• Djerân, Caucasian (Gazella gutturosa), 44, 45
• Djik-vee (tûr), 54
• Doda (four-horned antelope), 356
• Dog, wild, Indian (Cuon rutilans), 226;
• destructive character, 227;
• measurements, 227
• Dogs, for hunting elk, 135-148;
• Russian, 165
• Dolomites, the, chamois in, 81;
• injury done by peasant-shoots in, 82
• Donkh (Dhong), yak, 249
• Dras, India, 277
• Dress. See Clothing
• Duff, Captain, on yak stalking, 250
• Dufferin, Lord, 168
• Dumba, Constantine (Secretary to Austrian Embassy), 163, 165
• Dunsmuir, Mrs., Victoria, B.C., 18
• Durand, Sir E., on tiger hunting, 200
• Edinburgh, Duke of, 113
• Ee (Thibetan lynx), 224
• Egypt, 322
• Eichwald, in the Caucasus, 30
• Ekaterinodar, 34, 35
• Elbruz, 23, 26, 28, 30, 31, 38
• Eld’s deer. See Deer, Brow-antlered
• Elephants, their treatment of dead animals, 214;
• Indian (Elephas indicus), habitat, 228;
• points of difference from African species, 228;
• best mode of shooting, 229;
• charging, 229;
• dimensions, 232;
• measurements, 233;
• small-bores for shooting, 401
• Elias (Lapp hunter), 144
• Elk, Scandinavian, 123;
• ancient writers on, 123;
• Government protection of, 124;
• number killed yearly in Norway, 124, 125;
• period during which it is legal to kill, 125;
• local enactments in Sweden regarding, 125;
• comparison with the moose, 126;
• determining the age, 126;
• antlers, 127-129;
• bodily measurements, 130;
• weight, 131;
• vocal sounds emitted by, 131;
• the rutting season, 132;
• non-gregarious, 134;
• methods of hunting, 135;
• driving, 135;
• hunting with the loose dog, 136;
• with the leash hound, 138;
• disadvantages of hunting with the loose dog, 142;
• best stalking ground, 144;
• Passop, the Lapp dog, at work, 145;
• stalking, 146-150;
• intelligence, 149;
• a hunting incident, 150, 151
• Elk hounds, 137-148
• Ellis, Hon. C., 291
• Epirus, the, chamois in, 77, 81
• Erskine, Colonel, on the habitat of the swamp deer, 265, 266
• Esquimaux dogs, 137
• Estremadura, 176, 179
• Europe, forests of Central and Northern, 114
• European wolf (Canis lupus), 226
• Express bullets, 368
• Express rifle, 98, 394-399, 409, 410.
• See Battery
• Falkova, Novgorod, 163
• Fannin, John (curator of the Museum of British Columbia), his directions for skinning beasts whole, 417
• Field-glasses, 99, 147, 370
• ‘Field Sports of the North of Europe,’ 135
• Finmarken, 125
• FitzHerbert, Major, on hogdeer shooting, 263, 346;
• adventures with black buck, 351, 352
• Flannel clothing, 387
• Foot gear, 28, 387, 389
• ‘Forest and Stream,’ Yo’s articles on packing, 382
• Forsyth, Captain, his division of tigers into three classes, 197, 199, 200;
• on the damage done by them, 198;
• and their method of killing their prey, 211;
• thinks panthers escape in drives by taking to trees, 220;
• on the habits of the bison in the rainy season, 240;
• on the bull nylghao, 245;
• on the habitat of the buffalo, 253;
• on the use of dogs in buffalo hunting, 257; 267
• ‘Fortnightly Review,’ quoted, on elk hunting, 144
• Fosbery, Colonel, V.C., his invention of the Paradox gun, 399-401
• Four-horned antelope (Tetraceros quadricornis), 356
• Fox, 146;
• Spanish, 176
• Franz Joseph Land, 8
• ‘Freeshooters of the Alps,’ 80
• Gaindá (Gairá, Gonda), rhinoceros, 234
• Galicia, 175
• Gamsbart (beard of the chamois), 82
• Ganges, the, 325, 329
• Garrod, Professor, 248
• Gártope, 339
• Gat, the, Spitzbergen, 20
• Gaur (Gavæus gaurus), habitat, 240;
• characteristics, 240;
• method of hunting, 242;
• measurements, 246
• Gazella gutturosa, 44, 45
• Gazelle, Thibetan (Gazella picticaudata), 342;
• measurements, 344;
• difficult to stalk, 345
• Ghauts, Western, 245
• Ghayal (gayal), or crocodile, 238
• Ghor khur (wild ass), 362
• Ghour (wild ass), 362
• Gilgit, 315, 319, 368
• Gilgit, Yassim, Chitral, and Badakshan route to the Pamir, 365
• Gloves, 57;
• buckskin, 389
• Goa (serow), 332;
• Thibetan gazelle, 342
• Gōn (Gond, Goen, Goenjak, Gaoni), swamp deer, 265
• Goolga (Ovis Poli), 299
• Gooral (Nemorhædus Goral), 329;
• best way of hunting, 331;
• Chinese, 331;
• Japanese, 331;
• measurements, 337
• Gor (rhinoceros), 234
• Greenaway, Major, 332
• Grizzlies, 18, 42
• Grodno, 168
• Gulcha (Poli rams), 366
• Gulf of Bothnia, 134
• Gun cases, 408
• Günther, Dr., 73
• Gurais, India, 277
• Gurwhal, India, 184, 257, 288, 289, 325, 329, 333
• Guzerat, 194
• Hakke-piks (boathooks for ice work), 10
• Haldwani, India, 265
• Half-moon Island, Spitzbergen, 18
• Halj (serow), 332
• Halleberg, the, 136
• Hamilton, Dr. F. Buchanan, 248
• Hammerfest, 2
• Hammerless guns, 402
• Hangal (Cashmere stag), 274
• Hans (Tyrolese stalker), 93-97
• Haramook, India, 277
• Harness for leash hounds, 138
• Harpooners, 12
• Harpoons, 9
• Harput (snow bear), 186
• Hati (elephant), 228
• Hedemarken, 125
• Hemlock for brush bedding, 386
• Henry Express, 160, 169;
• double, 371
• Heran (Thibetan antelope), 335
• Himalayas, the:
• best weapon for hunting in, 182;
• tents, 183;
• transport, 183;
• expenses, 184;
• rule regarding shooting grounds, 185;
• game in, 215, 218, 240, 257, 261, 262, 265, 274, 299, 303, 309, 319, 325, 329, 332
• Hindu Kush, 374
• Hinlopen Straits, 8, 9, 18
• Hinter Authal, Tyrol, 105
• Hinter Riss, Tyrol, 81, 101
• ‘Hints to Travellers,’ Royal Geographical Society’s, 377, 395
• Hircus ægagrus (ibex), 52, 53
• Hoang-ho river, 292
• Hobbles for horses, 380
• Hodgson, B. H., on the horns of the Sikkim stag, 283;
• on the early breeding of musk deer, 287;
• on the burrel, 299
• Hog, the pigmy (Porcula salvania), habitat, 237;
• measurements, 238
• Hogdeer (Axis porcinus), 261;
• habitat, 262;
• method of shooting, 262;
• measurements, 271
• Hohe Geschnürr, Tyrol, 95, 96
• Hohenlohe, Prince Hermann, 105
• Holland & Holland, gunmakers, 13, 98
• Hopenöerne, 9
• ‘Horn measurements,’ Mr. Rowland Ward’s. See, largely cited, under Measurements
• Horns, different manner of twisting, between wild and domestic animals, 315
• Horse blankets, 392
• Horse furniture, 380
• Howard, Colonel, 188;
• on bear hunting, 190;
• on the comparative measurements of European chamois, 331, 355.
• See Measurements
• Hudson Bay blankets, 385
• Hungary, North, red deer in, 114, 117
• Hunneberg, the, 136
• Hunting-shirts, Indian, 387
• Hyæna, striped (Hyæna striata), 227;
• measurement, 228
• Hyderabad, 222
• Ibex (Capra caucasica), 51, 55, 56, 57, 64
• Ibex (Capra sibirica), 74
• Ibex, European (Capra ibex), 322;
• measurements, 324
• Ibex, Himalayan (Capra sibirica), 318;
• habitat, 319;
• method of stalking, 319;
• measurements, 323
• Ibex, Neilgherry (Hemitragus hylocrius), 328;
• measurements, 336
• Ibex, of Persia and Sindh (Capra ægagrus), 321;
• measurements, 324
• Ibex, Spanish (Capra hispanica), 174, 175, 179;
• dimensions of heads, 180;
• (Capra pyrenaica), 322
• Imu (serow), 332
• Inderöen, 125
• India, shooting in:
• best weapons, 182;
• outfit, 183;
• transport, 183;
• rule regarding shooting grounds, 185;
• bear, 186;
• lion, 194;
• tiger, 196;
• panther, 218;
• leopard, 222;
• lynx, 224;
• wolves and wild dogs, 225;
• hyænas, 227;
• elephant, 228;
• rhinoceros, 233;
• Malay tapir, 236;
• wild boar, 237;
• pigmy hog, 237;
• crocodiles, 238;
• gaur, 240;
• wild ox, 248;
• yak, 249;
• buffalo, 253;
• sambur, 257;
• hogdeer, 261;
• spotted deer, 264;
• swamp, deer, 265;
• Eld’s deer, 268;
• Cashmere stag, 274;
• Sikkim stag, 282;
• musk deer, 283;
• barking or rib-faced deer, 288;
• wild sheep, 291;
• burrel, 299;
• shapoo, 302;
• oorial, 304;
• markhor, 309;
• ibex, 318;
• ther, 325;
• gooral, 329;
• serow, 332;
• takin, 334;
• Thibetan antelope, 335;
• Saiga antelope, 340;
• Thibetan gazelle, 342;
• Indian antelope, 345;
• rifles and bullets suitable for sport in, 398, 399, 401
• Indian gazelle (Gazella Bennetti), 335
• Indian, North American, camping grounds, character of, 392
• Indus, the, 300, 303, 304, 308, 312, 315, 345
• Ingur, the, 39
• Inn Valley, Tyrol, 82, 101
• Interpreters, 30, 369
• Irtish, Upper, Siberia, 65
• Isar, the, 101
• Izard (French chamois), 179
• Jackals, 41
• Jagla (ther), 325
• Javato (Spanish boar), 176, 177
• Jemtland, 125, 126
• Jerdon, Dr., on snaring black bear, 188;
• on the eyes of the gaur, 241;
• on the spotted deer, 265; 266, 288;
• on nylghao, 353;
• on mouse deer, 360
• Jerow (sambur), 257
• Jeypur, 222
• Jhangal (serow), 332
• Jhank (spotted deer), 264
• Jharál (ther), 325
• Jhelum, the, 304, 325, 345
• Jhula (ther), 325
• Jolsva, Hungary, 115
• Joshimath, 300
• Jumbo (the Zoological Gardens elephant), 233
• Jumna, the, 329
• Jung Bahadur, the story of his device to secure food for his army, 253
• Jungli Bukra (rib-faced deer), 288
• Jungli-kutta (wild dog), 226
• Kabardah plains, Caucasus, 31
• Kachin hills, 329
• Kajnag mountains, 313, 325, 329
• Kakur (rib-faced deer), 288
• Kala Bhalu (black bear), 186
• Kale (ibex), 318
• Kamish (Caucasian reed), 31, 33, 35
• Kamtchatka, 292
• Kara Kirghiz hunters, 366-376
• Kara Korum, the, 364
• Karakash, 250
• Karatan, 291
• Kareim (brigand), 52
• Karelin (Russian explorer), 368
• Kariâs, 44, 45, 46, 47
• Kart (ther), 325
• Kashgar, 342
• Kashmir, Maharajah of, presents Sir Frederick Roberts with poli head, 374
• Kastura (musk deer), 283
• Kayeek (ibex), 321
• Kharwee (a jungly growth), 243
• Khatmandu, 253
• Khelat, 309
• Kherdecht (wild ass), 362
• Khokand, 364, 365
• Khyenhsen (rhinoceros), 234
• Kielang, India, 223
• Kilmorey, Earl of, 155;
• his account of a bear drive in Russia, 161-167
• King’s Bay, Spitzbergen, 9 note
• Kinloch, Colonel, his ‘Large Game Shooting,’ 183;
• on the snow and black bear, 187-215;
• panther, 221;
• wolves, 226;
• elephant, 232;
• disbelieves in wild gayal, 248, 255;
• thinks the Sutlej the boundary of the sambur, 257;
• describes the hogdeer as the rabbit of Indian battues, 261;
• swamp deer, 266;
• musk deer, 288;
• kakur, 289;
• supports the theory that markhor eat snakes, 309;
• and that there are four varieties of it, 313;
• on the horns of the markhor, 315;
• on ther, 327;
• serow, 333;
• and the Thibetan antelope, 339;
• on nylghao, 354;
• on ravine deer, 356.
• See Measurements
• Kirghiz, the, 73;
• as hunters, 366, 370, 376
• Kirghiz yourts, 374
• Kishengunga river, India, 275, 277
• Kishtwar, 325
• Kitchen gear for a sporting expedition, 395
• Klapjagt (an elk drive), 135
• Knife fastenings, 388
• Knives, 388
• Kodor, the, 39
• Kolenati, cited, 44
• Koulan (wild ass), 362
• Kras (ther), 325
• Kraus Haven, Spitzbergen, 15
• Kuban river, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39
• Kuch (oorial), 304
• Kuda-ayer (Malay tapir), 236
• Kuenluen mountains, 299
• Kumaon, 288
• Kûr, the, 44
• Kurrè (elk hound), 140, 141
• Kutais, 30, 53
• Kutch, 194, 362
• Kyang (Equus hemionus) 361;
• measurements, 362
• Laba, the, 38
• Labels for packs, 382
• Ladak, game in, 283, 292, 293, 298, 299, 300, 302, 342, 345, 364
• Ladak, Kara Korum, Shahdula, and Yarkand route to the Pamir, 364
• Lady Franklin’s Bay, Spitzbergen, 12
• Lagá Bagá (panther), 218
• Lahoul, India, 184, 223, 325
• Lake Kallsjön, Sweden, 141
• Lake Tsomoriri, 342
• Lake Wenern, 136
• Lakhar baghar (striped hyæna), 227
• Lal Bhalu (snow bear), 186
• Lamb, Captain, on tiger hunting, 207;
• on buffalo stalking, 254
• Lamchitta (clouded panther), 221
• Lamont’s ‘Yachting in the Arctic Seas,’ 6
• Lance used in walrus hunting, 10
• Langour, 332
• Lansdell, Rev. Dr. H., 365
• Lapp elk hunters, 130, 133, 144, 145, 147, 150, 151
• Lappen (flags) for chamois driving, 101, 104-106
• ‘Large and Small Game of Bengal,’ Captain Baldwin’s, 211
• ‘Large Game Shooting,’ Colonel Kinloch’s, 183
• Leash hounds for hunting elk, 137-148
• Leh, 249, 303
• Leigh Smith, Mr., 18
• Lenkoran, 34, 43-45
• Leopard, 43;
• or chita (Felis jubata), habitat, 222;
• used for hunting purposes, 222;
• measurement, 225;
• the snow, or ounce (Felis uncia), 223;
• measurements, 225
• Lesghians, the, 49, 52, 68-71
• Licences for shooting in Spain, 175
• Lidder river, 274
• Lilghao (nylghao), 353
• Linzinthung Plains, the, 250
• Lion, Indian (Felis leo), almost extinct, 194;
• habits, 195;
• measurements, 195;
• method of striking prey, 211
• Lithuania, 167
• Littledale, St. George, 22;
• on the ollèn, 36;
• his game trophies, 52;
• tûr shooting, 55, 59-63;
• shooting the Caucasian aurochs, 65-72;
• on the Ovis argali of Mongolia, 73-76;
• stalking the Ovis Poli of the Pamir, 363-376
• Littledale, Mrs., 66, 67, 68, 365, 368
• Lloyd, Mr., on elk driving, 135
• Lokketone, or Lokton (elk’s call), 131, 132
• Lower Bengal, 355
• Lulliapoora, India, a bear hunt at, 190
• Lyman rifle sight, 98
• Lynx, the, 43
• Lynx (Felis pardina), 176
• Lynx, red (Felis caracal), 224
• Lynx, Russian, 164
• Lynx, Thibetan (Felis Isabellina), 224
• Macintyre, General, his plan for sitting up over a tiger, 209; 261, 300, 330
• McMaster, Mr., cited, 265
• Macrae, Mr., 248
• Madras (Presidency), method of tiger hunting in, 203, 205, 206; 245;
• importance of the Neilgherry ibex in, 328, 353
• Maha (sambur), 257;
• swamp deer, 265
• Mahouts, conduct of, while tiger hunting, 199
• Maikop, 38
• Mains (buffalo), 253
• Malabar coast, 355
• Malay Peninsula, 234, 236, 240, 258, 268, 288, 334
• Malo Vyschera, Novgorod, 163, 164
• Mamisson Pass, 48, 49, 51
• ‘Mammalia of India,’ Sterndale’s, 334.
• See Measurements
• Manipur, 234, 268
• Mansarovárá Lake, 335
• Mansel, Major, adventure with a tiger, 207
• Manteaux (waterproofed canvas pack coverings), 382, 386
• Maral (Daghestan deer), 37
• Maral Bashi, 342
• Marco Polo, on the Ovis Poli, 363, 364
• Markhor (Capra megaceros, vel Falconeri), 309;
• difficult to shoot, 310;
• varieties of, 312;
• habits, 313;
• habitat, 315;
• measurements, 316
• Marten, 146
• Masaknaba (musk deer), 283
• Mason, Mr., on the Malay tapir, 236
• Matches, mode of carrying, 383
• Maximilian, Emperor, 100, 111
• Measurements of game, tables of:
• Ailuropus melanoleucos, 194;
• Antilope Bezoartica, 357;
• Arakanese capricorn, 337;
• Axis porcinus, 271;
• A. maculatus, 271;
• Bos grunniens, 252;
• Bubalus arni, 256;
• Budorcas taxicolor, 338;
• Canis lupus, 227;
• Canis pallipes, 227;
• Canis laniger, 227;
• Capra megaceros, 316;
• Capra Jerdoni, 317;
• Capra sibirica, 323;
• Capra ægagrus, 324;
• Capra ibex (Tyrol), 324;
• Capra sinaitica, vel nubiana, 324;
• Capra wali, 324;
• Capra jemlaica, 336;
• Cervulus aureus, 290;
• Cervus cashmirianus, 284;
• C. affinis, 285;
• C. maral, 285;
• C. Eustephanus, 285;
• Cuon rutilans, 227;
• Elephas indicus, 233;
• Equus hemionus, 362;
• Felis leo, 195;
• F. tigris, 212, 216;
• F. pardus, 225;
• F. diardii, 225;
• F. jubata, 225;
• F. uncia, 225;
• Gavæus gaurus, 246;
• G. sondaicus, 249;
• Gazella gutturosa, 344;
• G. subgutturosa, 344;
• G. picticaudata, 344;
• G. Bennettii, 358;
• Hemitragus hylocrius, 336;
• Hyæna striata, 228;
• Meminna indica, 359;
• Nemorhædus Goral, 337;
• Nemorhædus bubalinus, 337;
• Ovis Ammon, 294;
• O. Poli, 296;
• O. Hiensi, 297;
• O. nigrimontana, 297;
• O. nivicola, 297;
• O. Brookei, 297;
• O. Nahura, 305;
• O. Vignei, 306;
• O. cycloceros, 307;
• O. Blanfordi, 307;
• Panolia Eldii, 273;
• Pantholops Hodgsonii, 343;
• Porcula salvania, 238;
• Portax pictus, 358;
• Red deer from Tyrol, &c., 286;
• Rhinoceros indicus, 235;
• R. sondaicus, 235;
• R. lasiotis, 235;
• R. sumatrensis, 235;
• Rucervus Duvaucelli, 272;
• R. Schomburgkii, 273;
• Rusa Aristotelis, 270;
• Saiga tartarica, 343;
• Tapirus malayanus, 237;
• Tetraceros quadricornis, 359;
• Ursus Isabellinus, 194;
• U. torquatus, 194;
• U. labiatus, 194;
• U. malayanus, 194
• Measurements of game trophies, systems of, 420
• Medicines for sporting expeditions, 393
• Mergui, 237
• Metal adornments, disadvantages of, in sporting, 388
• Mingrelia, 37
• Mingrelia, Prince of, 53
• Mists, mountain, 62
• Moccasins, 28, 378, 384, 387, 389
• Moidl (Tyrolese herd-girl), 93-97
• Mongolia, the yellow goat of, 341
• Monte Rosa, 104
• Mooghan, the, 44, 47, 48
• Moose, American, comparison with the elk, 126
• Moravian missionaries, 223
• Morier, Sir Robert, 364
• Moscow Zoological Gardens, 39
• Mountain spectres, 63
• Moupin, Thibet, 299
• Mouravitchka (Caucasian bear), 41
• Mouse deer (Meminna indica), 360
• Muggar (crocodile), 238
• Mundla, India, 266
• Munkacs, Carpathian Alps, 115
• Münster, Count Alexander, 163, 165
• Muntjac (rib-faced deer), 288
• Musk-deer (Moschus moschiferus), habitat, 283;
• value of the musk-pod, 287;
• measurements, 287
• Mussulmans, as servants in shooting expeditions, 185
• Mysore, 328, 346, 353
• Nain, norn (gooral), 329
• Nain Tal, India, 265
• Naltchik, 24, 31
• Namdal, 125
• Namsos, Norway, 144
• Nanga Parbat, Astor, 368
• Napo (namoo), burrel, 299
• Natural History Museum, Kensington, heads of tûr in, 51-53
• ‘Natural History of India,’ Sterndale’s, 334.
• See Measurements
• Neilgherries, 328
• Nepal, method of hunting the tiger in the Terai, 199;
• ringing tigers, 200; 213, 221, 233, 234, 237, 240, 253, 254, 262, 265, 267, 283, 325, 339
• Nepal, Bir Shumshir, Maharajah of, 201
• Nerbudda, the, 253, 266
• Nicolaïevitch, Alexei (Russian bear hunter), 164, 165
• Nicolaïevitch, Dmitri (Russian bear hunter), 164
• Nicolaïevitch, Ivan (Russian bear hunter), 164
• Nilghao (nylghao), 353
• Niti Pass, 250, 253, 300, 339
• Nordenskjöld, on Polar bears, 17
• Nordland, 125
• Nortalash (Russian Lapps), 154
• North Africa, 228
• North America, clothing for, 387;
• method of transporting freight in, 379
• North Cape, Spitzbergen, 12
• North East Land, 8, 9
• North-West Provinces, India, 222, 345, 353
• Norway, elk in, 124, 125, 127, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 144, 148;
• brown bear hunting in, 155
• ‘Nouveau voyage vers le Septentrion,’ quoted, 123
• Novaya Zemlya, 1
• Novgorod, 163
• Nowgong, India, 228
• Nyan (Ovis Ammon), 291
• Nylghao (Portax pictus), 353;
• haunts, 353;
• hunting, 354;
• in captivity, 354
• Ollèn (Caucasian red deer), habitat of the, 35;
• characteristics, 36;
• growing scarcity of, 37
• Oorial (Ovis cycloceros), habitat, 304;
• measurements, 307;
• best mode of hunting, 308
• Oorin (shapoo), 302
• Orissa, 265
• Ossetes, the, 49, 50
• Ossetia, 41, 57
• Oude, Nabob Vizier of, 210
• Oudh, 265
• Ounce, or snow leopard (Felis uncia), 223;
• fierce enemies of ibex, 224;
• measurements, 225
• Overalls, canvas, 388
• Ovis Ammon, 366
• Ovis Argali, the, of Mongolia, 73-76
• Ovis Blanfordi, 309
• Ovis Poli, the, 38, 73-76;
• of the Pamir, 363;
• Marco Polo on its home, 363;
• narrative of a stalk, 366-373;
• Karelin and Severtzoff’s introduction of, to Europe, 368;
• a stalk in the Southern Pamir, 373-376;
• head in the possession of Sir Frederick Roberts, 374;
• vitality, 375
• Ox, Burmese wild (Gavæus sondaicus), 248;
• measurements, 249
• Pack-ponies, routine of a day’s march with, 389
• Pack-saddles, 380
• Pamir, the, 73, 74, 291;
• Marco Polo’s description of, 363;
• Chinese pilgrims’ account, 364;
• routes to, 364, 365;
• Russian opposition to English travellers, 364;
• character of the country, 365;
• stalking the Ovis Poli in, 366-376;
• the Boortsa eurotia, 373;
• Kirghiz yourts, 374
• Pangi, India, 224
• Pangong Lake, 250
• Panther (Felis pardus), habitat, 218;
• a universal nuisance, 218;
• methods of killing, 219;
• measurements, 225
• Panther, clouded (Felis diardii vel macrocelis), 221;
• measurement, 225
• Para (hogdeer), 261
• Paradox, the, 35 note, 399-401, 405
• Parfleches, 380
• Pasang (ibex), 321
• Passop (Lapp dog), 145, 151
• Patiala, Maharajah of, adventure with a trapped tiger, 210
• Paul, Mr., 196
• Peasant-shoots, 78;
• in North Tyrol, 82
• Pechinka Fiord, 156
• Pegu, 334
• Percy, Lieut.-Col. Reginald Heber, on Indian shooting, 182 et seq.
• Percy, Major Algernon Heber, on brown bear hunting, 154-169;
• shooting aurochs at Biolvitskia, 167-173
• Persia, 228, 283, 321, 342
• Peshawur, 304
• Phasis, the, 35
• Phillipps-Wolley, Clive, on shooting bear and tûr in the Caucasus, 22-64;
• on the equipment and transport of a camp, 377-393
• Phoca hispida, 9
• Picket pegs, 380
• Picos de Europa, Cantabrian highlands, 179
• Piebald bear of Eastern Thibet. See Bears
• Pigmy hog. See Hog, pigmy
• Pij (gooral), 329
• Pike, Arnold, on walrus and polar bear hunting, 1-21
• Pilibhit, India, 265
• Pilis Mountains, Carpathians, 115
• Pir Punjal Mountains, 313, 325, 327, 329
• Pisai (mouse deer), 360
• Pisora (mouse deer), 360
• Plains of India, the:
• best weapons for use in, 182;
• tents, 183;
• outfit, 183;
• transport, 183;
• servants, 185;
• shooting-grounds, 185
• Plastouns (Caucasian boar hunters), 32
• Plaza de Almanzor, 179
• Pliny, on the elk, 123
• Poland, 167
• Polar bear, 15;
• food, 16;
• habits, 17;
• size and weight, 18;
• haunts, 18;
• phases of hunting, 19-21
• Ponies, buying and hiring, in North America, 379;
• weight to carry, 379
• Poti, 35
• Pottinger, Sir Henry, Bart., on the Scandinavian elk, 123-153
• Prejevalski, M., 299
• Prince Consort, the, 100
• Provisions for five men for a two months’ expedition, 383
• Punjab, 222, 345
• Purdey muzzle-loading rifle, 159
• Putney Hills, India, 245
• Pyrenees, the chamois in, 77, 81;
• Spanish, 177, 179, 180
• Quetta, 309, 315
• Rache (markhor), 309
• Radauc, 115, 116
• Rabcha, 39, 40
• Radde, Prof., on the wild boar, 31;
• on the ollèn, 36;
• on the barse, 43
• Rajpootana, 345, 356
• Ram Hun (wild dog), 226
• Ramoo (serow), 332
• Rass (Ovis Poli), 291
• Ratibor, Duke of, 115
• Ratwa (rib-faced deer), 288
• Ravi, the, India, 345
• Ravine deer (Indian gazelle), 355
• Rebeco (Spanish chamois), 179
• Recoil heelplates, 404
• Red deer, Austro-Alpine, 83;
• modern compared with mediæval bags, 113;
• in Northern Hungary, 114;
• antlers, 115, 116;
• stalking, 117-122;
• rutting season, 118;
• its call, 118-122
• Red deer, Caucasian, 35-37
• Red deer, Spanish (Cervus elaphus), 176;
• haunts, 178;
• measurements of antlers, 178, 179
• Red Forest (Krasnoe Lais), Ekaterinodar, 34, 35
• Reech (sloth bear), 186
• Reid, Sir Charles, cited, 196
• Rekis-öerne, 9
• Reha (striped hyæna), 227
• Rests, shooting from, 411
• Rhinoceros:
• R. indicus; R. sondaicus; R. lasiotis; R. sumatrensis, habitat of the four varieties, 233;
• points of difference between the Asiatic and African, 234;
• method of hunting, 234;
• measurements, 235
• Rib-faced or barking deer. See Deer
• Rice, Colonel, 269
• Richters, Dr. F., 322
• Roberts, Sir Frederick, poli head in his possession, 374
• Roe-deer (Cervus capreolus), 37;
• Spanish, 175, 176
• Rohan, Prince, 115, 116
• Rondu, 303
• Roos (Rous), musk-deer, 283
• Roosh (Ovis Poli), 291
• Ropes for packing, 382
• Ross, Edward, on the battery, 412
• Ross’s telescope, 367
• Roz (nylghao), 353
• Rubashevsky, Colonel, 34
• Rücksack, the, 87, 94, 99
• Russia, bears in, driving, 161;
• arranging for an expedition in the province of Novgorod, 161;
• sledging, 163;
• cold at night, 163;
• account of the drive, 164-167;
• the dirge descriptive of the death of the bear, 166
• Russia, the Czarevna of, 373 note
• Russian Central Asia, 364
• Russian Lapland, brown bear hunting in, 154
• Russian Lapps, their dread of bears, 154, 156, 159
• Sabine, Captain, on Polar bears, 17
• Saddle-blankets, 381, 382
• Safed chita (snow leopard), 223
• Saghalien, island of, 196
• Saiar Mountains, the, 74
• St. Petersburg, 161, 162, 163, 172
• St. Trefan’s Lake, Lapland, 156
• Saiga antelope. See Antelope
• Sál forest, India, 266, 267, 268
• Salabhir (serow), 332
• Salmon, 154
• Salt range, Jhelum, 308
• Salzburg, 120
• Samarcand, 291
• Sambur (Rusa Aristotelis), habitat, 257;
• characteristics, 258;
• methods of hunting, 258;
• not prolific, 261;
• measurements, 270
• Sammlung, the, castle of Moritzburg, 116
• Sanderson, G. P., quoted, 197, 198;
• on a tiger’s method of killing, 211; 212, 213, 215, 218, 220, 221;
• on elephant shooting, 229;
• and charging, 231; 232, 240, 242, 244, 248, 253, 345;
• on nylghao, 353.
• See Measurements
• Sand-grouse, 44
• Sano-banel (pigmy hog), 237
• Santander, 175
• Saxe-Coburg, Duke of, 81, 113;
• death of, 85 note;
• a ‘treibjagd’ in his preserves, 101
• Saxe-Coburg Gotha, Prince Philipp of, 115
• Saxony, Elector George of (1611-1656), 113
• Saxony, King of, 116
• Scandinavian elk. See Elk, Scandinavian
• Scandinavia, elk hunting in, 123-153
• ‘Scandinavian Adventures,’ 135
• Schoenborn, Count, 115
• Schomburgk’s deer. See Deer
• ‘Scientific Results Second Yarkand Mission,’ 342
• Sclater, Mr., on Capra ægagrus, 53;
• on the shapoo and oorial, 302, 322
• Scotland, 100, 114, 117
• Selous, F. C., on the battery, 412
• Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort, 186, 322
• Serow (Nemorhædus bubalina), characteristics, 332;
• habitat, 332;
• scarce and wary, 333;
• measurements, 337
• Seven Islands, Spitzbergen, 12
• Severtzoff, M., on the habitat of the Ovis Poli, 291;
• first introduces the animal to Europe, 368
• Sewalik Mountains, India, 240, 259, 329
• Shahdula, 364
• Shapoo (Ovis Vignei), characteristics, 302;
• habitat, 303;
• difficult to hunt, 303;
• measurements, 306;
• points in its favour, 361
• Shaw, O., his large bag of wild sheep, 299;
• shoots a serow with a white mane, 334
• Sheep, wild (Oves Poli, Ammon, &c.), habitat, 291;
• characteristics, 292;
• difficulty of shooting, 298;
• measurements, 294-297, 305-307
• Sheikh Budin, 315
• Sher-babbar (lion), 194
• Shigar, 303
• ‘Shikari’ rifle case, 408
• Shikaries, their mistake in stalking, 320
• Shillingford, C. A., of Munshye, 196
• Shillingford, F. A., 196;
• on the measurements of tigers, 212;
• on their age, 213
• Shou (Sikkim stag), 282
• Siagosh (red lynx), 224
• Siam, 228, 234, 236
• Sierra da Estrella, 179
• Sierra de Gredos, 179
• Sierra Morena, the, 178
• Sierra Nevada, 180
• Sights for rifles, 98, 408-412
• Sikkim, 237, 332
• Sikkim stag (Cervus affinis, vel Wallichi, Cervus Eustephanus), 282;
• measurements, 285
• Sinaitic Peninsula, 322
• Sindh, 321, 332, 333, 362
• Sindh river, 274
• Singh (lion), 194
• Sirmoor Rajah, the, 233
• Siwash (North American Indian hunter), 382
• Skeen (ibex), 318
• Sledging in Russia, 163, 164
• Sleeping bags, 26, 385
• Slings, rifle, 407
• Sloth bear. See Bears
• Small-bores for elephant shooting, 401
• Snapo (Snamoo), burrel, 299
• Snow bear. See Bears
• Sooroo, India, 277
• South European Alps, 114
• Southern India, 188, 206, 222, 228, 240;
• sambur hunting in, 260; 265
• Spain, large game in, 174;
• expense of sporting, 174;
• driving, 174, 176, 178;
• game laws, 175;
• licences, 175;
• close-time, 175;
• varieties of game, 176;
• hunting wild boar, 176;
• hereditary bear hunting, 177;
• red deer, 178;
• chamois, 179;
• ibex, 179; 180
• Spiti, 325
• Spitz dog, 137
• Spitzbergen, 1, 2, 7, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19
• ‘Sportsman’s Guide to Kashmir and Ladak,’ Major Ward’s, 183
• ‘Sportsman’s Vade Mecum,’ by K. C. A. J., 183
• Spotted Deer. See Deer
• Srinugger, 277
• Steigeisen (crampons), 99
• Sterndale, R. A., on tigers, 196; 212, 215, 218, 219, 220;
• on the chita, 222; 224, 228, 233;
• on the Malay tapir, 236; 248, 258, 265, 263, 268, 276, 287, 299, 334, 341;
• on nylghao, 354;
• on four-horned antelopes, 356;
• on mouse-deer, 360;
• on the wild ass, 362.
• See Measurements
• Stian (snow leopard), 223
• Stick-rests, 355
• Stocks of rifles, 405, 406
• Stony Indians, 415
• Stor Fjord, Spitzbergen, 18
• Stordal, 125
• Stores, list of, for an expedition in North America, 383
• Stoves, 163
• Strecke (Tyrolese venery custom), 107
• Styria, 78, 117, 120
• Suez, 322
• Sukhoum, 35, 40
• Suleiman mountains, 321
• Sumatra, 236, 334
• Sunderbuns, the, 234, 253, 254, 266
• Sungrai (Eld’s deer), 268
• Sutlej, the, 250, 253, 257, 319, 345
• Svânetia, 23, 27, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51, 53, 55
• Swamp-deer. See Deer
• Sweat-pads, 381, 382
• Sweden, elk in, 124, 125, 134, 135, 136, 143, 208
• Switzerland, laws to prevent extermination of chamois in, 77
• Syrian bears, 42
• Tabatgai Mountains, the, 73
• Tahr (ther), 325
• Takin (Budorcas taxicolor), 334;
• characteristics, 334;
• measurements, 338
• Taman, Caucasus, 31
• Tangrol (ibex), 318
• Tapir, the Malay (Tapirus malayanus), 236;
• measurements, 237
• Ta-ra-shu (Malay tapir), 236
• Tartars, nomad, 44;
• hunting the djerân, 46, 47;
• their jealous guardianship of their frontier, 249
• Taurus mountains, 321
• Tavoy, 237
• Taxidermy, 413;
• price of heads, 415;
• preserving heads with the skin on, 416;
• sketches and photographs, 416;
• skinning a horned head, 416;
• skinning a beast whole, 417;
• drying and dressing skins, 418;
• precautions in packing for transport home, 419;
• preservation of trophies, 420;
• measurements, 420
• Tchegem, the, 41
• Tcherkess, the, 40, 56, 67
• Teeb, Caucasus, 49
• Teleki, Count, his choice of rifles and bullets, 397
• Tenasserim, 234, 336
• Téndwá (panther), 218
• Tengri Khan, 291
• Tennis shoes for stalking, 28, 371, 387
• Tentes d’abri, 395
• Tents, for the Pamir, 374; 385
• Terai, the Nepal. See Nepal
• Terek, the, 41
• Thamin (Eld’s deer), 268
• Theodosia, 38
• Ther (Capra jemlaica), habitat, 325;
• characteristics, 326;
• measurements, 336
• Thian Shan mountains, 283, 291
• Thibet, 194, 249, 283, 292, 299, 334, 335, 345
• Thibetan antelope, 335
• Thibetan wolf. See Wolf
• ‘Thirteen Years among the Wild Beasts of India,’ Sanderson’s, 345
• Thomas, Mr. (British Museum), 64
• Tiflis, 30, 44, 45, 342
• Tiger (Felis tigris), the, 44;
• habitat, 196;
• of three classes, 197;
• damage done by, 198;
• howdah shooting, 199;
• driving, or beating, 203;
• sitting up over kills, 208;
• its method of attacking and killing prey, 211;
• breeding, 212;
• age, 213;
• measurements, 215
• ‘Tiger Shooting in the Doon and Ulwar,’ Lieut.-Col Fife Cookson’s, 209
• Tlee, Mamisson valley, Caucasus, 49
• Tockmack, 291
• Toledo, 179
• Tonse river, 329
• Transcaspian railway route to the Pamir, 364, 365
• Transport of camp equipage, 379
• Triggers, 405
• Tromsö, 2, 3, 5
• Trondhjem, North and South, 125
• Trophies, the trade in, 415;
• forwarding home, 418;
• systems of measurement, 420
• Tscherek, the, 41
• Tschuddi, on chamois, 81, 104
• Tsoing (Burmese wild ox), 248
• Tuapsè, 40
• Tungmar (clouded panther), 221
• Tûr, Caucasian, habits and chase of, 51-63
• Turatch (sand-grouse), the, 44, 45
• Turnscrews, 405
• Turkestan, 226, 283, 291
• Tyrol, the, chamois in, 77;
• poachers and keepers, 80;
• shooting season, 80;
• preserves and peasant-shoots, 82;
• cost of a preserve, 83;
• rights of chase, 84;
• chamois stalking, 85-97;
• rifles and kit for stalking, 98-100;
• chamois driving, 100-109; 282, 289, 322
• Tyrolese keepers, 102
• Tytler, Major, on the wild ass, 362
• Unthia Bagh (lion), 194
• Ursus arctos (bear of Northern Europe), 114
• Ursus maritimus, 15-21
• Urup, the, 38
• Værdal, 125
• Vaillant, M., his exploits in South Africa, 232
• Valasjok river, 154
• Veerubof, Colonel, 31
• Victoria Lake, Pamir, 374
• Vladikavkaz, 23, 24
• Voroneze, 23, 24
• Wa (burrel), 299
• Wales, Prince of, elk hunting in Sweden, 136
• Walker, Colonel C. S., 128, 132
• Walouieff, M., 168
• Walrus, the, 1;
• wanton destruction of, 2;
• size and weight, 3, 4;
• utilisation of blubber, 4;
• feeding grounds, 4;
• tusks, 4;
• how to kill, 6;
• winter retreats, 7;
• habits, 7;
• breeding season, 8;
• mode of attacking, 8;
• boats, apparatus and crew employed in hunting, 9-12;
• harpooning, 12-14;
• a typical hunt, 14
• Wapiti, 36, 37
• Ward, Major, 183, 219;
• on sambur shooting, 261;
• on the Cashmere stag, 276; 277, 280, 282, 287, 288;
• on hunting the Ovis Ammon, 298; 301, 319, 333, 341, 345
• Ward, Rowland, 64, 233.
• See Measurements
• Waugh, Sir Andrew, his big tiger, 196
• Wenersborg, 136
• Western Ghauts, India, 355, 360
• Weyprecht and Payer’s expedition, 17
• Whitbread, Mr., 73
• Whymper’s Alpine tent, 395
• Wiide Bay, Spitzbergen, 18
• Wild ass, Assyrian (Equus hemippus), 362;
• Equus onager, 362
• Wild boar in the Caucasus, 31;
• guides for hunting, 32;
• its cunning and ferocity, 33, 34;
• modes of hunting, 34;
• habitat, 35;
• Spanish, 176, 177
• Wild dog, 44, 45.
• See Dog
• Wild ox. See Ox
• Wild sheep. See Sheep
• Williameenoff, General, 43
• Williamson, Mr., quoted, 196;
• on sitting up over a tiger, 210; 226, 257, 353
• Wolf, European (Canis lupus), 226;
• measurement, 227
• Wolf, Indian (Canis pallipes), 225;
• measurement, 227
• Wolf, Spanish, 176
• Wolf, Thibetan (Canis laniger; Canis niger), 226;
• measurement, 227
• Wolves, 34, 44, 45;
• distinction between European, Thibetan, and Indian, 226
• Yak (Poephagus grunniens), 249;
• characteristics, 250;
• account of a successful stalk, 250;
• measurements, 252
• Yalta, 38
• Yang-se-kiang river, 292
• Yarkand, 339, 342, 364
• ‘Yo,’ on packing, 382
• Yourts (Kirghiz tents), 374
• Yuz (hunting leopard), 222
• Zaizau, 74
• Zaruchi, Novgorod, 164
• Zelentchuk, the, 38, 39
• Zik (clouded panther), 221
• Zillerthal, the, 95
• Zubr (aurochs), 38, 39, 69, 167 note
• Zubr grass, 172