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Biology

Chapter 4: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
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The lecture defines biology as a collective term for the sciences of life, outlines methods of observation, comparison and experiment, and distinguishes structural (morphological) and functional (physiological) approaches while stressing their increasing integration. It adopts a genetic or historical perspective that situates organisms as products of evolution, considers the organism as a complex chemical machine yet questions the necessity of a separate vital principle, and examines the problem of the origin of life in light of chemical synthesis progress but without evidence of spontaneous generation. Overall it emphasizes resolving complex living phenomena into simpler factors while acknowledging the limits of final explanation.







COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS


A Series of twenty-two lectures descriptive in untechnical language of the achievements in Science, Philosophy and Art, and indicating the present status of these subjects as concepts of human knowledge, are being delivered at Columbia University, during the academic year 1907-1908, by various professors chosen to represent the several departments of instruction.


MATHEMATICS, by Cassius Jackson Keyser, Adrain Professor of Mathematics.

PHYSICS, by Ernest Fox Nichols, Professor of Experimental Physics.

CHEMISTRY, by Charles F. Chandler, Professor of Chemistry.

ASTRONOMY, by Harold Jacoby, Rutherfurd Professor of Astronomy.

GEOLOGY, by James Furman Kemp. Professor of Geology.

BIOLOGY, by Edmund B. Wilson, Professor of Zoology.

PHYSIOLOGY, by Frederic S. Lee, Professor of Physiology.

BOTANY, by Herbert Maule Richards, Professor of Botany.

ZOOLOGY, by Henry E. Crampton, Professor of Zoology.

ANTHROPOLOGY, by Franz Boas. Professor of Anthropology.

ARCHAEOLOGY, by James Rignall Wheeler, Professor of Greek Archaeology and Art.

HISTORY, by James Harvey Robinson, Professor of History.

ECONOMICS, by Henry Rogers Seager, Professor of Political Economy.

POLITICS, by Charles A. Beard, Adjunct Professor of Politics.

JURISPRUDENCE, by Munroe Smith, Professor of Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence.

SOCIOLOGY, by Franklin Henry Giddings, Professor of Sociology.

PHILOSOPHY, by Nicholas Murray Butler. President of the University.

PSYCHOLOGY, by Robert S. Woodworth, Adjunct Professor of Psychology.

METAPHYSICS, by Frederick J.E. Woodbridge, Johnsonian Professor of Philosophy.

ETHICS, by John Dewey, Professor of Philosophy.

PHILOLOGY, by A.V.W. Jackson, Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages.

LITERATURE, by Harry Thurston Peck, Anthon Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.


These lectures are published by the Columbia University Press separately in pamphlet form, at the uniform price of twenty-five cents, by mail twenty-eight cents. Orders will be taken for the separate pamphlets, or for the whole series.


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THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

Columbia University, New York