Bolivia.—Een in wording zijnde Staat aan den Stillen Oceaan / De Aarde en haar Volken, 1907-1908

A compact survey depicts a high Andean republic dominated by a 4,000-meter plateau and steep mountain approaches, whose remoteness leaves large regions little known and several border areas contested. It describes territorial losses and limited maritime access alongside estimates of size and population. Social analysis outlines a rigid hierarchy of whites, Cholos (mestizos), and diverse indigenous peoples, noting customary dress, daily hardships, and the subordinate role of native labor in mines and urban porterage. Economic life centers on mining and nitrate fields, with long llama caravans and precarious wages illustrating how geography, extraction industries, and social inequality shape everyday existence.