This work examines how Buddhist thought can function as a coherent world-conception alongside modern science, arguing that neither faith nor contemporary natural science fully answers fundamental questions about self, conduct, and purpose. It explains core Buddhist doctrines and key concepts such as karma and nirvana, presents the tradition as a working hypothesis for ethical and existential issues, and assesses physics, physiology, biology, cosmology, and the study of mind in light of Buddhist perspectives. The author seeks to render ancient formulations in modern terms, emphasize their experiential value, and suggest a synthesis that addresses philosophical gaps in both faith and empirical inquiry.