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Bygone Scotland: Historical and Social

Chapter 33: Index.
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About This Book

The text surveys Scotland's past through illustrated sketches and narrative chapters, beginning with prehistoric and Roman-era contacts and moving through the mingling of Pictish, Gaelic, Anglo-Saxon, and Norse influences that shaped the nation. It examines the growth of burghs and religious life, then treats the Reformation, the Covenanter struggles, dynastic contests and union with England, and the Jacobite risings, ending with the last major Jacobite rebellion. Chapters weave social customs, local history, and notable events to portray political, religious, and cultural development across centuries.

Index.

  • Aberdeen, Old, 152;
    • Candlemas procession in, 153;
    • reception of James IV. in, 153;
    • church utensils, public sale of, 156;
    • English players in, 157;
    • early closing of taverns at, 158;
    • fines for non-attendance at church, 158;
    • trials for witchcraft in, 164
  • Act of Security, The, 272
  • Administration of effects, Provisions for the, 149
  • Agricola in Britain, 4
  • Alaric takes Rome, 10
  • Alexander III., King, 41
  • Alfred, King, Danish conflicts of, 39
  • Angles give their name to South Britain, 19
  • Anglican Church, Origin of the, 88
  • Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, The, 21
  • Anne, Queen, reign of, 272;
    • her domestic history, 279;
    • favours the Pretender, 280;
    • her death, 281
  • Argyle, Earl of, sentenced to death, 231;
    • his insurrection, 240;
    • execution of, 241
  • Argyle, Marquis of, his execution, 212
  • Arminius defeats the Romans, 10
  • Assembly, General, in Glasgow, 182
  • Assembly of Divines in Westminster, 192
  • Athelstane, King, 41
  • Augustine, Mission of, 22
  • Baliol nominated King by Edward I., 65
  • Barons’ sons, The education of, 114
  • Battle of Bannockburn, 71
  • ” Brunanberg, 41
  • ” Culloden, 299
  • ” Drumclog, 223
  • ” Dunbar, 200
  • ” Falkirk, 297
  • ” Hastings, 53
  • ” Killiecrankie, 261
  • ” Prestonpans, 292
  • ” Sedgemoor, 237
  • ” Sheriff-muir, 283
  • ” Stamford Bridge, 53
  • ” The Standard, 58
  • ” Worcester, 203
  • Beaton, Cardinal, Murder of, 90
  • Berwick, The Duke of, 282
  • Bishops, Seven, Arrest and Trial of, 250
  • Bishops, Tulchan, in Scotland, 179
  • “Black Watch,” Composition of the, 289
  • “Bloody Assize,” The, 238
  • Boadicea, Queen, defeated by the Romans, 4
  • Boot, Torture of the, 218
  • Borders, The, long disorderly, 77
  • Bothwell Bridge, Battle of, 225;
    • cruel treatment of prisoners taken at, 227
  • Bretwalda, an Anglo-Saxon dignity, 21
  • Britain, Invasion of, by Julius Cæsar, 1;
    • the second invasion and conquest, 3;
    • as a Roman province, 12;
    • the Roman evacuation, 16;
    • barbarian raids on, 17;
    • the Anglo-Saxons in, 19;
    • Danish invasions of, 38
  • British Churches, Ancient, differences between, 24
  • Brown, John, Cruel murder of, 228
  • Bruce, Robert, his contest for the crown, 68;
    • his army before Stirling, 69;
    • his victory at Bannockburn, 72
  • Burgh Court of Dundee, old records of, 134;
    • justice done in the, 135;
    • assumed powers of life and death, 141
  • Cæsar, Julius, Invasion of Britain by, 2
  • Caledonians, The, 5
  • Candlemas procession in Aberdeen, 153
  • Canongate, The, its old memories, 124
  • Canute, The Danish King, 46
  • Caractacus defeated by the Romans, 4
  • Catholic church utensils, Sale of, 156
  • Catholic conversions under James II., 245
  • Catholic worship, Stringent laws against, 116
  • Celtic Language, The, 9
  • Celts, Origin of the, 27
  • Channel, Revolution expedition in the, 254
  • Charles I., Scotland under, 178;
    • endeavours to subvert Presbyterianism, 179;
    • his game of Thorough, 184;
    • at war with Parliament, 191;
    • joins the Scottish army, 195;
    • given up to Parliamentary army, 196;
    • at Carisbrook Castle, 197
  • Charles II. signs the Covenant, 199;
    • is crowned at Scone, 201;
    • defeated at Worcester, 203;
    • the Restoration, 211;
    • Scotland under, 213;
    • establishes Episcopacy, 214;
    • his death, 235
  • Charles Edward, Prince, lands in Scotland, 290;
    • in Edinburgh, 291;
    • in Derby, 293;
    • at Culloden, 298;
    • wanderings and escape, 302
  • Charles XII. of Sweden designs invading Britain, 287
  • Churches, Ancient British, 24
  • Civilization, Modern turning point in, 85
  • Civil War, The, 191
  • Claverhouse, Graham of, 223;
    • defeated at Drumclog, 224;
    • his cruel revenge, 226;
    • raises Highland clans in Jacobite cause, 260;
    • his death at Killiecrankie, 262
  • Columba settles in Iona, 32
  • Commission to discuss terms of Union, 273
  • Constantius, The Emperor, 7
  • Constantine, The Emperor, 8
  • Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, 22
  • Conversion of the Picts, 33
  • Cope, Sir John, defeated at Prestonpans, 292
  • “Covenant,” Origin of the, 91
  • Covenanters at Rullion Green, 217;
    • at Drumclog, 223;
    • at Bothwell Bridge, 225;
    • persecutions of, 227;
    • martyrs’ monument in Greyfriars’ churchyard, 247
  • Cromwell in Scotland, 199;
    • wins battle of Dunbar, 200;
    • Scotland under, 206;
    • his latter days, 207;
    • his character, 207
  • Culdees, The, 33
  • Culloden, The Rebel army at, 298;
    • the battle, 299;
    • atrocities after the battle, 300
  • Cumberland, Duke of, follows retreat of Rebel army from Derby, 294;
    • marches against the Rebels, 297;
    • wins battle of Culloden, 299;
    • his savagery, 300
  • Cures from holy wells, 167
  • Dalrida, Scoto, Kingdom of, 31
  • Dalziel persecutes the Covenanters, 216
  • Danish invasions of Britain, The, 38
  • Darien Scheme, The, 270;
    • ends in disaster, 271
  • Darnley, Lord, marries Queen Mary, 107;
    • his murder, 108
  • David I., King, 58
  • Declaration of Indulgence, The, 248
  • Declaration of Rights, The, 258
  • “Defender of the Faith,” Title of, 87
  • Derby, March of Rebels to, 293;
    • retreat from, 294
  • Derwentwater, Earl of, raises a rebellion, 283
  • Dress regulations in Sixteenth Century, 150
  • Druidism in Britain, 13
  • Drumclog, Battle of, 223
  • Drummond, Sir William, 83;
    • his welcome of Charles I. to Edinburgh, 178
  • Drunkenness, Punishments for, 145
  • Dunbar, Battle of, 200
  • Dunbar’s description of pageant in Aberdeen, 153
  • Duncan, King, 55
  • Dundee, History of Old, 134;
    • Burgh Court records, 135;
    • offences and punishments, 136;
    • stormed by General Monk, 204
  • Dunottar Castle, Siege of, 128
  • Edgar the Peaceable, 42
  • Edinburgh, Old, 111;
    • a picturesque city, 112;
    • early history of, 112;
    • provisions against fire, 113;
    • early schools, 114;
    • after Flodden, 114;
    • Mary’s entrance into, 117;
    • quarrel of James VI. with, 120;
    • James revisits, 122;
    • resistance to episcopacy in, 182;
    • occupied by Prince Charles Edward, 292
  • Edinburgh Castle, 126;
    • an ancient royal residence, 127;
    • the regalia in, 127
  • Edward, King, the elder, 40
  • Edward the Confessor, 48
  • Edward I., arbitrator on claims to Scottish crown, 64;
    • decides for Baliol, 65;
    • conquers Scotland, 66;
    • his death, 68
  • Edward II. invades Scotland, 69;
    • is defeated at Bannockburn, 71
  • Effects, Administration of, 149
  • Elizabeth becomes Queen of England, 105;
    • her hatred of Mary, 106;
    • causes Mary’s execution, 109;
    • comparison of the two queens, 109
  • Ella, Landing of, 19
  • Emma, Queen, 46
  • England and Scotland, Strained relations between, 273;
    • Union of, 276
  • English, Preparation against attacks by the, 155
  • English Reformation, Causes of the, 86
  • English and Scottish Churches, Difference between, 90
  • English and Scottish Parliaments, Different constitution of, 74
  • Episcopacy introduced into Scotland by Charles I., 179
  • Ethelbert, Conversion of, 22
  • Ethelred the Unready, 44
  • Falkirk, Battle of, 299
  • Feudalism in Britain, 73
  • Field-preaching in Scotland, 214
  • Folk-speech, Scottish, 84
  • Foster, Mr., heads a Jacobite rising, 283
  • Gaelic language, The, 29
  • Geddes, Jenny, throws her stool, 180
  • George I., Accession of, 281
  • Glasgow, General assembly in, 182;
    • fined by Prince Charles Edward, 296
  • Glencoe, Massacre of, 264;
    • resolution on by the Scottish estates, 269
  • Godwin, Earl, 48;
    • his banishment, 49;
    • his return, 50
  • Graham of Claverhouse, 223
  • Grampians, Battle of the, 5
  • Halley, General, defeated at Falkirk, 297
  • “Hand-fasting” in Scotland, 173
  • Hardicanute, King, 47
  • Harold, Earl, maltreated by William of Normandy, 50;
    • his high character, 51;
    • chosen king, 52;
    • defeats the Norsemen at Stamford Bridge, 53;
    • defeated and slain at Hastings, 54
  • Hastings, Battle of, 54
  • Henry VIII., his domestic history, 86;
    • his evil character, 87;
    • effects the English Reformation, 88;
    • demands Mary for his son’s wife, 102
  • Heptarchy, The Anglo-Saxon, 21
  • Heresy (Lutheran), Act of Parliament against, 155
  • Highlanders mode of fighting, 261;
    • advance into England, 293;
    • in retreat, 294
  • “Highland Host, The,” 220
  • Highlands long disorderly, 76;
    • under General Wade, 289
  • Holyrood, History of, 129;
    • Queen Mary’s apartments in, 130;
    • gallery of ancient kings in, 35;
    • the church, 132
  • Holy Wells in Scotland, 166;
    • associated with certain saints, 167;
    • pilgrimages to, 167;
    • at St. Fillans, 168;
    • at Musselburgh, 168;
    • at Muthill near Crieff, 169;
    • at Strathnaven, 169;
    • at Spa near Aberdeen, 170;
    • pilgrimages to denounced by the Strathbogie Presbytery, 170
  • Ill-fame, Houses of, forbidden, 148
  • Images in churches, Demolition of, 99
  • Immorality, Penalties for, 145
  • Indulgence, Declaration of, 248
  • Inverness occupied by the rebels, 297
  • Iona, Historical importance of, 33
  • Ireland, The old races in, 30;
    • Patrick’s mission in, 32
  • Irish troops in London, 252
  • Jacobite risings in 1715, 279
  • James I., his high character, 78;
    • a poet, 82;
    • his wise laws, 113
  • James III. patronises poets, 129
  • James IV. and Sir David Lindsay, 130;
    • his entry with his queen into Edinburgh, 114;
    • into Aberdeen, 153
  • James V. dying at Mary’s birth, 102
  • James VI., proclaimed king, 118;
    • supposed to be under witchcraft, 161;
    • quarrels with Edinburgh, 120;
    • becomes James I. of England, 122;
    • revisits Edinburgh, 123;
    • his method of arguing with the Puritans, 185
  • James, Duke of York, fights the Dutch at sea, 236;
    • in Scotland, 230;
    • as king attempts to re-establish popery, 242;
    • issues the declaration of indulgence, 248;
    • sends seven bishops to the Tower, 249;
    • has a son born, 250;
    • retracts unpopular measures, 253;
    • his flight, 255;
    • his throne declared vacant, 257;
    • Scotland under, 246
  • James the Pretender joins the rising of 1715, 284;
    • makes arrangements for his coronation, 284;
    • deserts his adherents, 286
  • Jeffreys, the infamous Judge, 232, 238
  • Jougs, The, 149
  • Justice, Good, done in Burgh Courts, 135
  • Jutes first landing in Britain, 17
  • Kenneth Macalpine, King of Scots, 36
  • Killiecrankie, Battle of, 261
  • “Kings’ Quhair, The,” 81
  • Knox, John, his early life, 91;
    • preaching at Perth, 92;
    • admonishes Queen Mary, 96;
    • his strong character, 98
  • Landowners bound for their tenants attending church, 220
  • Latin a spoken language in Britain, 8
  • Lauderdale, Persecutions of Lord, 219
  • Lent observances after the Reformation, 157
  • Leslie, General, at Dunbar, 200
  • Lindsay, Sir David, 130
  • Lisle, Alice, Execution of, 238
  • Literature, The older Scottish, 80
  • Lochiel, Adherence of to Prince Charles, 291
  • Logarithms, Invention of, by Napier, 123
  • Long Parliament, The, 190
  • Lothians, People of the, 80
  • Lovat, Lord, his double dealing, 296;
    • his execution, 301
  • Lowland folk-speech, 84
  • Luther’s heresies, An act against, 155
  • Macbeth, King, 55
  • Macdonald, Flora, aids the escape of Prince Charles, 304
  • Macdonalds of Glencoe, Order to extirpate the, 267;
    • treacherous murders of, 268
  • Macdonalds, The, at Culloden, 299
  • MacIan of Glencoe, 265;
    • takes the oath of allegiance, 266;
    • his murder, 268
  • Mackay, General, defeated at Killiecrankie, 261
  • Magus Muir, Tragedy of, 222
  • Maid of Norway, The, 64
  • “Maiden,” The, 119
  • Malcolm II., King, 54
  • Malcolm, III., Canmore, 56;
    • marries Margaret, sister of Edgar Atheling, 57
  • Malcolm IV., The Maiden, 59
  • Mar, Earl of, raises a rebellion in 1715, 282;
    • is checked at Sheriffmuir, 283;
    • deserts his army at Montrose, 286
  • Margaret, queen of Malcolm Canmore, 57
  • Marriage, Scottish customs, 172;
    • lax notions on, 174;
    • restrictions on, 175;
    • unlucky months for, 172;
    • a woman’s outfit, 175
  • Mary of Guise, regent of Scotland, 90
  • Mary, Queen of England, 104
  • Mary, Queen of Scots, Childhood of, 102;
    • sent to France, and marries the Dauphin, 103;
    • returns to Scotland, 116;
    • her entry into Edinburgh, 117;
    • marries Lord Darnley, 106;
    • her sad after-history, 109;
    • compared with Elizabeth, 110;
    • her apartments in Holyrood, 130
  • Masham, Mrs., Influence of over Queen Anne, 279
  • Massacre of Glencoe, The, 264
  • McKail, Hugh, Execution of, 218
  • Monmouth, Duke of, defeats the Covenanters at Bothwell Bridge, 225;
    • his Moderation, 226;
    • his own Rebellion, 237
  • Monk, General, storms Dundee, 204;
    • completes Cromwell’s subjugation of Scotland, 206;
    • restores the Stuarts, 211
  • “Mons Meg” at Edinburgh Castle, 126
  • Montrose, the Marquis of, 194
  • Morton, Regent of Scotland, 118;
    • accused of being accessory to Darnley’s murder, 118;
    • his execution by the Maiden, 119
  • Murray, Lord George, leads the rebel march to Derby in 1745, 293
  • Musselburgh, Holy-well at, 168
  • Napier of Merchiston invents logarithms, 123
  • Nationalism, English and Scottish, 81
  • Newcastle held by the Scots, 183
  • Night offences specially punished, 139
  • Normandy a Danish Conquest, 44
  • Norsemen hold North of Scotland, 54
  • Northumbria the chief power, 23
  • Offences and their punishments in the sixteenth century, 134
  • Oswald, King of Northumbria, becomes Bretwalda, 23;
    • his conversion, 23
  • Oxford declares for the royal supremacy, 244;
    • is “hoist by its own petard,” 244
  • Oysters, penalty for giving false price to, 154
  • Parliament, The Long, 190
  • Parliament declares James’s throne vacant, 257;
    • agrees to William and Mary’s joint sovereignty, 258
  • Parliaments in England and Scotland, 74
  • Paterson, William, floats the Darien scheme, 270;
    • the total failure, 271
  • Patrick, the Saint of Ireland, 32
  • Penny Weddings, 173
  • Perth in Jacobite occupation in 1715, 283;
    • the retreat from, 284
  • “Petition of Right,” The, 184
  • Picts, first mention of the, 6;
    • origin of the, 28;
    • conversion of, 33;
    • coalesce with the Scots, 36
  • Players, Reception of in Aberdeen, 157.
  • Poetry, The older Scottish, 81
  • Pope, Henry VIII. quarrels with the, 88
  • Popery, Protestant intolerance towards, 116
  • Presbyterian Church of Scotland, distinctive features of, 94;
    • its influence on Scottish character, 95;
    • bareness of its forms of worship, 100;
    • its fight against episcopacy, 181
  • Presbyterianism in England, 193
  • Prestonpans, Battle of, 292
  • Pretender, Birth of the, 250;
    • in the rebellion of 1715, 284;
    • birth of his two sons, 288
  • Protestantism established in England, 88;
    • in Scotland, 92
  • “Protestant wind,” A, watched for, 253
  • Psalms and paraphrases in the Kirk, 100
  • Punishments in the sixteenth century, 135;
    • for speaking, falsely of burgh officers, 136;
    • for slander, 136;
    • for “flyting,” 137;
    • of having to pay for healing hurts, 138;
    • of banishment from the town, 140;
    • of scourging through the town, 141;
    • of death under burgh laws, 141;
    • of restitution, 142;
    • when there was “vehement suspicion,” 142;
    • of forfeiting the right to wear swords, 143;
    • for drunkenness, 145;
    • for immorality, 148
  • Puritans, the English, 184;
    • browbeaten by James I., 185;
    • their Old Testament leanings, 208
  • Queen of Charles I., evil influence of, 186
  • Queens, The rival, Mary and Elizabeth, 102;
    • their relationship, 105
  • Rebellion, Jacobite, of 1715, 283;
    • Executions following the, 286
  • Rebellion of 1745, 289;
    • atrocities and executions following, 300
  • Reformation, The, in England and Scotland, 85;
    • in danger from James II., 242
  • Regalia, the ancient Scottish, 127;
    • the present, 127;
    • its adventures, 128;
    • after the Union to remain in Edinburgh, 128;
    • supposed loss, search for, and recovery, 128
  • Regencies disastrous to Scotland, 75
  • Regicides, Execution of the, 212
  • Religion in Scotland under Charles I., 181;
    • under Cromwell, 209;
    • under Charles II., 214
  • Renwick, the last covenanting martyr, 248
  • Revolution, The, of 1688, 252
  • Rizzio, David, Murder of, 108
  • Roman invasion of Britain, 3;
    • rule in Britain, 12;
    • Empire divided, 9;
    • fall of the Western Empire, 11;
    • Evacuation, 16
  • Rome taken by Alaric, 10
  • Rullion Green, Fight at, 217
  • Russell, Sir William, Execution of, 233
  • Ryehouse Plot, The, 233
  • Sabbath-breaking, Penalties for, 158
  • Saints associated with Holy-wells, 167
  • “Saxon shore,” The, 15
  • Scotia, an old name of Ireland, 29
  • Scotland, how it became a free nation, 63;
    • under Charles I., 178;
    • under Cromwell, 199;
    • under Charles II., 211;
    • under James II., 236;
    • “Company of,” 270;
    • union with England, 270
  • Scottish Kings:—The Mythical, 35;
    • Fergus, 35;
    • Kenneth Macalpine, 36;
    • Malcolm II., 54;
    • Duncan, 55;
    • Macbeth, 55;
    • Malcolm III., 56;
    • David I., 58;
    • Malcolm IV., 59;
    • William, 59;
    • Alexander III., 61;
    • Baliol, 65;
    • Robert Bruce, 72;
    • James I., 78, 81;
    • James III., 129;
    • James IV., 130;
    • James VI., 116
  • Scottish Nation, Rise of the, 26;
    • Parliament a single chamber, 74;
    • Nobles, quarrels amongst, 75;
    • Nationalism pronounced, 81;
    • Reformation, a struggle with authority, 90;
    • Convention declare James’s throne vacant, 259
  • Scoto-Irish piracies, 15
  • Scots first found in Ireland, 29;
    • lesser number of than of Picts, 36;
    • “King of,” the title of the sovereign, 72
  • “Security, Act of,” 272
  • Sedgemoor, Battle of, 237
  • Sharp, Archbishop, Murder of, 221
  • Sheriff-Muir, Battle of, 283
  • Sheriffs in Scotland, Education of, 114
  • Shipmoney, Levy of, 187
  • Springs of mineral waters become holy wells, 167
  • St. Fillans, Well of, 168
  • St. Giles, The saint’s statue in, removed, 115;
    • farewell speech of James VI. in, 122;
    • commotion in over new liturgy, 180
  • St. Mary’s altar, Fines of lights for, 138
  • Stair, Master of, author of Glencoe massacre, 265;
    • punished by dismissal from office, 269
  • Stamford Bridge, Battle of, 53
  • Standard, Battle of the, 58
  • Star-Chamber, The, 184
  • Stocks, Punishment of the, 138
  • Strafford, Execution of, 191
  • Strathbogie Presbytery denounce pilgrimages to holy wells, 170
  • Strathclyde, Kingdom of, 21
  • Strathnaven, Holy well at, 169
  • Stuarts, Family traits of the, 213;
    • their claims to the English throne, 105;
    • the last act of the dynasty, 281
  • Superstition, Hard death of, 160
  • Swearing, Penalties for, 147
  • Sweden, Charles XII. of, 287
  • Sweyn, The Danish King, 45
  • Swords, Wearing of, led to crime, 143;
    • disallowed after misuse, 144
  • Test Oaths in Scotland, Evasion of, 245
  • Teutonic rule, Spread of the, 18
  • “Thorough,” The game of, 184
  • Tory ministry of Queen Anne, 281
  • Treason, English laws of, applied to Scotland, 276
  • Tulchan bishops in Scotland, 179
  • Union of England and Scotland, William’s dying message in favour of, 272;
    • its terms, 274;
    • opposition to in Scotland, 275;
    • its accomplishment, 276;
    • early years of the, 276;
    • attempts to repeal the, 277;
    • its good results, 278
  • Wade, General, in the Highlands, 289
  • Wallace, Sir William, 67
  • War, The Civil, 191
  • Wedding Feasts in Scotland, 172
  • Westminster Assembly of Divines, The, 192
  • William the Conqueror, 52
  • William, Prince of Orange, invitation to, 252;
    • his fleet in the Channel, 254;
    • his landing and progress, 254;
    • refuses the regency, 257;
    • elected King and his wife Queen, 258;
    • his tolerant policy, 262;
    • signs order against the Macdonalds of Glencoe, 266;
    • opposes the Darien Scheme, 271;
    • his last message to Parliament, 272
  • Witchcraft in Scotland, 160;
    • in Aberdeen, 164
  • Witches, An assize on in Edinburgh, 161
  • Witchfinders, 163
  • “Woo’d and married and a’” 176
  • York, Early importance of, 7