Catalogue of British Columbia Birds

Produced by Karen Fabrizius, David Starner

and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

Catalogue of British Columbia Birds.

PROVINCIAL MUSEUM, VICTORIA B. C.

PREFACE.

The present list is intended to include all birds which have been so far proven to occur in British Columbia.

I am fully aware of its incompleteness, and very much regret much of its lack of more definite information regarding the distribution of certain species, and with regard to that portion of the Province in north and northeastern interior, which, I have no doubt, is a valuable field for work.

Since the publication of the list of British Columbia birds in 1898 by the late John Fannin, which contained 339 species and sub-species, and with the information to hand, enables me to add to this 24.

I wish to extend my thanks especially to the following constant observers for more or less extended local lists, notes and specimens:—A. C. Brooks, Chilliwhack, Okanagan and Cariboo; Rev. J. H. Keen, Queen Charlotte Islands and Metlakatla; Thos. Kermode, William Head Quarantine Station; E. P. Venables, Yernon; Chas. de Blois Green, Fairview and Keremeos.

I have also obtained valuable information from the check-list published by the late John Fannin.

  FRANCIS KERMODE,
  Curator Provincial Museum.

Victoria, B. C., August, 1904.

Order PYGOPODES. Diving birds.

Family PODICIPEDIDÆ. Grebes.

ÆCHMOPHORUS Coues.

1. Western Grebe.

Æchmophorus occidentalis (Lawr.).

A common winter resident along the coast of Vancouver Island and
Mainland. Mr. Brooks says a few remain all winter at Okanagan Lake.

COLYMBUS Linnæus.

2. American Red-necked Grebe. "Holboell's Grebe."

Colymbus holboelli (Reinh.).

A common winter resident along the coast of Vancouver Island and
Mainland. Winter resident on Okanagan Lake. (Brooks.) Not common at
Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) Breeds on many of the lakes along the
Cariboo Road above Clinton. (Fannin.)

3. Horned Grebe.

Colymbus auritus (Linn.).

A common winter resident on the coast, and very common in the straits
near Victoria, in April. Brooks reports it at Okanagan Lake all winter.
Breeds on the lakes from Okanagan to Dense Lake. (Fannin.) Rare at
Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

4. American Eared Grebe.

Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heerm.).

Taken at Kamloops, June, 1889. (Spreadborough.) Found breeding on lakes at Kamloops; Catalogue of Canadian Birds. (Macoun.)

PODILYMBUS Lesson.

5. Pied-billed Grebe.

Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.).

Common resident on Vancouver Island; it breeds on lakes close to Victoria. Common resident on Island and Mainland; breeds throughout its range. (Fannin.)

Family GAVIIDÆ Loons.

GAVIA Forster.

6. Great Northern Diver. Loon.

Gavia imber (Gunn.).

Common resident throughout the Province; breeds on Vancouver Island and Mainland.

7. Black-throated Loon.

Gavia arcticus (Linn.).

Taken at Burrard Inlet (Fannin), and at Dease Lake, Cassiar, by
James Porter.

8. Pacific Loon.

Gavia pacificus (Lawr.).

Not common; one specimen taken at Comox by W. B. Anderson, and at
Chilliwhack by Brooks; Victoria, May 13th, 1904, by Fred. Foster.

9. Red-throated Loon.

Gavia lumme (Gunn.).

I found this species quite common on Barkley Sound, V. I., April 19th, 1894, and fairly common near Esquimalt. Mr. Brooks reports it at Chilliwhack.

Family ALCIDÆ. Auks, Murres and Puffins.

LUNDA Pallas.

10. Tufted Puffin.

Lunda cirrhata (Pall.).

Common along the coast of Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Islands and Mainland; breeds on Bare Island, near Sidney, B. C.

FRATERCULA Brisson.

11. Horned Puffin.

Fratercula corniculata (Naum.).

Rare at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

CERORHINCA Bonaparte.

12. Rhinoceros Auklet.

Cerorhinca monocerata (Pall.).

Coasts of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Breeds on islands in Gulf of
Georgia.

PTYCHORAMPHUS Brandt.

13. Cassin's Auklet.

Ptychorampus aleuticus (Pall.).

The entire coast line of the Province and West Coast of Vancouver
Island. (Fannin.) This species was seen in the Gulf of
Georgia, between Salt Spring Island and Nanaimo, May 7th, 1887.
(Macoun.)

SYNTHLIBORAMPUS Brandt.

14. Ancient Murrelet.

Synthliborampus antiquus (Gmel.).

Not common. West Coast of Vancouver Island and taken in the Straits, near Victoria. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it rare on Queen Charlotte Islands.

BRACHYRAMPHUS Brandt.

15. Marbled Murrelet.

Brachyramphus marmoratus (Gmel.).

An abundant resident along the coast of British Columbia; have taken it at Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands, in August, 1895. Rare at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) Breeds on Vancouver Island, and on some of the smaller islands in the Gulf of Georgia, and along many of the inlets of the Mainland. (Fannin.)

CEPPHUS Pallas.

16. Pigeon Guillemot.

Cepphus columba (Pall.).

An abundant resident along the coast from Race Rocks to Alaska, and quite common in Skidegate Inlet, Q. C. I., August, 1895. Breeds throughout its range.

URIA Brisson.

17. California Murre, Guillemot.

Uria troile californica (Bryant).

A resident along the coast of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Breeds on
West Coast of Vancouver Island.

Order LONGIPENNES. Long-winged Swimmers.

Family STERCORARIIDÆ. Skuas and Jaegers.

STERCORARIUS Brisson.

18. Pomarine Jaeger.

Stercorarius pomariuus (Temm.).

One specimen taken near Victoria, October 22nd, 1898.

19. Parasitic Jaeger.

Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.).

One specimen taken at Victoria by Wm. L. Gilchrist, November, 1897. Another specimen was taken at Comox by A. C. Brooks, September 12th, 1903.

20. Long-tailed Jaeger.

Stercorarius longicaudus (Vieill.).

Once shot and several times seen at Sumas Lake, September, 1890. (Brooks).

Family LARIDÆ. The Gulls and Terns.

PAGOPHILA Kaup.

21. Ivory Gull. Snow Gull.

Pagophila alba (Gunn.).

One specimen shot at Dease Lake, Cassiar, by James Porter, September, 1889. Another specimen was shot at Okanagan Lake in November, 1897, by Mr. J. T. Studley, and presented to the Museum. Mr. A. C. Brooks also reports it from Okanagan.

RISSA Stephens.

22. Pacific Kittiwake.

Rissa tridactyla pollicaris (Ridgw.).

Taken near Discovery Island, January, 1896, by W. Lindley, and at
Queen Charlotte Islands by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, September, 1895.

LARUS Linnæus.

23. Glaucous-winged Gull.

Larus glaucesceus (Naum.).

An abundant resident on the coast; breeds on some of the islands in the Gulf of Georgia. Mr. Brooks reports it from Okanagan Lake.

24. Western Gull.

Larus occidentalis (Aud.).

An abundant resident on the coast during the winter months. Taken at Chilliwhack. (A. C. Brooks.) Breeds in Similkameen Valley. (Fannin.)

25. American Herring Gull.

Larus argentatus smithsonianus (Coues.).

An abundant resident on the coast. It breeds on the coast and in the interior of Mainland. Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.)

26. California Gull.

Larus californicus (Lawr.).

A common winter resident on the coast. Common in the Lower Fraser
Valley and on the Okanagan Lake in winter. (Brooks.)

27. Ring-billed Gull.

Larus delawarensis (Ord.).

Common along the coast of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Common in winter at Okanagan Lake and Chilliwhack. (Brooks.) Breeds in the Interior, especially to the northward. (Fannin.)

28. Short-billed Gull.

Larus brachyrhynchus (Rich.).

Common winter resident along the coast of Vancouver Island and
Mainland. Common in Lower Fraser Valley. (Brooks.) During the
early part of May, 1891, I saw quite a number on the lakes of the
Cariboo District, where it probably breeds. (Fannin.)

29. Heermann's Gull. White-headed Gull.

Larus heermanni (Cass.).

Common along the southern coast of Vancouver Island during July and
August. Taken at William Head in full plumage, June 28th, 1904, by
Thos. Kermode.

30. Bonaparte's Gull.

Larus philadelphia (Ord.).

An abundant resident throughout the Province, and found in great numbers about the inlets and rivers in March and April; it breeds in the interior of the Province. I have also seen it on the coast in June and July.

XEMA Leach.

31. Sabine's Gull.

Xema sabinii (Sab.).

Taken at Okanagan Lake, September 9th, 1897. (Brooks.)

STERNA Linnæus.

32. Common Tern.

Sterna hirundo (Linn.).

One specimen shot at Cowichan Gap by R. D. McClure, September 15th, 1896, and presented to the Museum.

33. Arctic Tern.

Sterna paradisæa (Brunn.).

From Dease Lake south, through the interior of the Mainland to Okanagan Lake. Two specimens—one taken at Dease Lake by James Porter, and another shot at Okanagan Lake by A. C. Brooks, September, 1807.

HYDROCHELIDON Boie.

34. Black Tern.

Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmel.).

Not common. I observed it at Okanagan, June, 1895. Taken at Sumas and Okanagan Lake by A. C. Brooks, Burrard Inlet, Eraser River and interior of Mainland. (Fannin.)

Order TUBINARES. Tube-nosed Swimmers.

Family DIOMEDEIDÆ. Albatrosses.

DIOMEDEA Linnæus.

35. Black-footed Albatross.

Diomedea nigripes (Aud.).

West Coast of Vancouver Island. (Fannin.) Rare at Queen
Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) One specimen taken near
Nanaimo, June 3th, 1904.

36. Short-tailed Albatross.

Diomedea albatrus (Pall.)

In April, 1894, I found this species quite common in the Pacific
Ocean, near Cape Beale.

Tolerably common on both coasts of Vancouver Island, but more abundant on the West Coast; a few have been taken in the straits off Victoria Harbour. (Fannin.)

Family PROCELLARIIDÆ. Fulmars & Shearwaters.

FULMARUS Stephens.

37. Pacific Fulmar.

Fulmarus glacialis glupischa (Stejn.).

One specimen taken at Chemainus, Vancouver Island, November, 1895. (Fannin.)

PUFFINUS Brisson.

38. Black-vented Shearwater.

Puffinus opisthomelas (Coues).

Not common; four specimens taken off Albert Head, October 24th, 1891.

39. Dark-bodied Shearwater.

Puffinus griseus (Gmel.).

During the fall of 1895 Dr. C. F. Newcombe found this species common on the West Coast of Queen Charlotte Islands. Since then one was picked up dead on the beach near Victoria.

40. Slender-billed Shearwater.

Puffinus tenuirostris (Temm.).

Not common; one specimen shot at William Head and presented to the
Museum by T. Kermode, February 23rd, 1904.

OCEANODROMA Reichenbach.

41. Gray Fork-tailed Petrel.

Oceanodroma furcata (Gmel.).

Found along both coasts of Vancouver Island, but more common on the
Pacific Coast; a few have been taken in the Straits near Victoria.
Very rare at Metlakatla; one picked up exhausted.
(Rev. J. H. Keen.)

42. Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel. White-rumped Petrel.

Oceanodroma leucorrhoa (Vieill.) Coues.

West Coast of Vancouver Island. Four specimens taken in Hecate Strait,
July, 1904. One specimen found dead on beach off Beacon Hill,
Victoria, November, 1893.

Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers.

Family PHALACROCORACIDÆ. Cormorants.

PHALACROCORAX Brisson.

43. White-crested Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus (Brandt).

Common on both coasts of Vancouver Island and coast of Mainland, from
Race Rocks to Alaska.

44. Brandt's Cormorant. Pencilled Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt).

Two specimens were killed in the Straits, near Victoria, by D. E. Campbell, April 19th, 1897. Later in the month another specimen was found on the beach at Beacon Hill.

45. Violet-green Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus (Ridgw.).

This is the most abundant Cormorant in the Province, and is found
along both coasts of the Island, and has been taken as far north as
Port Simpson. Breeds on islands close to Sidney Island. Common at
Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

Family PELECANIDÆ. Pelicans.

PELECANUS Linnæus.

46. American White Pelican.

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (Gmel.).

Not common. Four specimens taken—Sicamous, October, 1890; Alexandria Bridge, September, 1895; Tranquille, August, 1897; Comox, September 8th, 1900. Mr. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Said to breed in the Chilcotin country. (Fannin.)

47. California Brown Pelican.

Pelecanus californicus (Ridgw.).

Not common. One specimen in the Museum killed at Race Rocks, January, 1897. Seen at Sumas Lake. (Brooks.)

Order ANSERES. Lamellirostral Swimmers.

Family ANATIDÆ. Mergansers, Ducks, Geese and Swans.

MERGANSER Brisson.

48. American Merganser.

Merganser americanus (Cass.).

Found throughout the Province, have taken it on West Coast of
Vancouver Island in May; also on Queen Charlotte Islands in July,
1895, I took four young birds. Brooks reports it found on Okanagan
Lake all winter.

49. Red-breasted Merganser.

Menganser serrator (Linn.).

Found distributed throughout the Province. I saw them at Sumas Lake
May 17th, 1904. Rev. J. H. Keen says common at Metlakahtla,
Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.)

LOPHODYTES Reichenbach.

50. Hooded Merganser.

Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.).

This species is common throughout the Province and on the Pacific
Coast. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

ANAS Linnæus.

51. Mallard.

Anas boschas (Linn.).

An abundant resident throughout the Province; breeds in suitable localities throughout its range.

CHAULELASMUS Bonaparte.

52. Gadwall. Gray Duck.

Chaulelasmus strepera (Linn.).

Not common; a few have been taken near Victoria. Mr. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

MARECA Stephens.

53. European Widgeon.

Mareca penelope (Linn.).

Rare. Two specimens, one taken near Victoria February 9th, 1899, and another near Saanich.

54. American Widgeon. Baldpate.

Mareca americana (Gmel.).

A common winter resident on the coast. Brooks reports it from
Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Breeds on lakes on Cariboo Road above
Clinton. (Fannin.)

NETTION Kaup.

55. Green-winged Teal.

Nettion carolinensis (Gmel.).

An abundant resident, Breeds in the interior of the Mainland. Common on the coast throughout the winter. Rare on Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

QUERQUEDULA Stephens.

56. Blue-winged Teal.

Querquedula discors (Linn.).

Not common on the coast; a few are taken every year. Taken at
Chilliwhack. (Brooks.)

57. Cinnamon Teal.

Querquedula cyanoptera (Vieill.).

A summer visitor in the interior of the Province. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

SPATULA Boie.

58. Shoveller. Spoon-bill.

Spatula clypeata (Linn.).

A common resident on the Mainland, rarely met with on Vancouver
Island. Brooks says common resident in Lower Fraser Valley about
Sumas Lake, has also taken it on Okanagan.

DAFILA Stephens.

59. Pintail. Sprigtail.

Dafila acuta (Linn.).

An abundant winter resident on the coast. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland.

AIX Boie.

60. Wood Duck.

Aix spona (Linn.).

Not common. A summer resident on Island and Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

AYTHYA Boie.

61. Red-head. Pochard.

Aythya americana (Eyt.).

A winter resident on the coast, but nowhere common; a few are taken every season. Fannin found it breeding on the lakes along the Cariboo Road.

62. Canvas-back Duck.

Aythya vallisneria (Wils.).

A winter resident on the coast. Brooks has taken it on Okanagan Lake. I found them in pairs on the lakes near 108-Mile House, Cariboo Road, in April and May, 1891, where I was told they breed. (Fannin).

63. American Scaup Duck. Blue-bill.

Aythya marila (Linn.).

An abundant winter resident on the coast. Breeds in the interior of
Mainland.

64. Lesser Scaup Duck.

Aythya affinis (Eyt.).

Not common on the coast. Fannin has taken it in May near Ashcroft, and
Brooks has seen it all winter at Okanagan.

65. Ring-necked Duck.

Aythya collaris (Donov.).

Not common. A few have been taken on Vancouver Island. Mr. Brooks says common in Lower Fraser Valley, and is found all winter on Okanagan Lake.

CLANGULA Leach.

66. American Golden-eye. Whistler.

Clangula clangula americana (Faxon.)

A common winter resident on the coast. Fannin says breeds in interior.
Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

67. Barrow's Golden-eye.

Clangula islandica (Gmel.).

Not common. It winters on the coast; a few have been taken on Vancouver Island. Brooks has taken it at Okanagan. Fannin found it plentiful on the lakes along the Cariboo Road, May, 1891.

CHARITONETTA Stejneger.

68. Buffle-head. Butter-ball.

Charitonetta albeola (Linn.).

An abundant winter resident on the coast. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland. Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

HARELDA Stephens.

69. Long-tailed Duck. Old Squaw.

Harelda hyemalis (Linn.).

Common; the coasts of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it common at Metlakatla.

HISTRIONICUS Lesson.

70. Harlequin Duck.

Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn.).

A common resident on the coast. I found it breeding at Bear River, Vancouver Island, May, 1894. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Rare at Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

OIDEMIA Fleming.

71. American Black Scoter.

Oidemia americana (Swains.).

Not common; has been taken at Victoria and Port Simpson. Fannin saw a small flock on a lake near 108-Mile House, Cariboo Road, 10th May, 1891. Fairly common at Matlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

72. White-winged Scoter.

Oidemia deglandi (Bonap.).

An abundant resident, and is found on the coast throughout the year. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Rev. J. H. Keen says is common at Metlakatla.

73. Surf Scoter. Sea Coot.

Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.).

Abundant resident along the coasts of Vancouver Island and Mainland.
Found at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.) Common at
Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

ERISMATURA Bonaparte.

74. Ruddy Duck.

Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmel.).

Not common on the Coast; a few are taken in the winter. Fannin found it breeding in the lakes along the Cariboo Road, May, 1891. Brooks has seen it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

CHEN Boie.

75. Lesser Snow Goose.

Chen hyperborea (Pall.).

A winter resident on the Coast. Brooks has seen it at Chilliwhack.
During some winters large numbers congregate off the mouth of Fraser
River. (Fannin.)

76. Ross's Snow Goose.

Chen rossii (Cassin.).

This is a rare bird in B. C. One specimen taken at Comox, January, 1894; another was taken at Kuper Island, April, 1895.

ANSER Brisson.

77. American White-fronted Goose.

Anser albifrons gambeli (Hartl.).

Abundant on the Coast in winter. Breeds both on Island and Mainland. The young have been taken on Cowichan Lake. (Fannin.) Brooks has taken it at Sumas and Okanagan Lakes. Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

BRANTA Scopoli.

78. Canada Goose.

Branta canadensis (Linn.).

An abundant winter resident on the Coast. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland; the eggs have been taken at Penticton by C. DeBlois Green.

79. Hutchin's Goose.

Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Rich.).

Abundant in the spring and fall migrations, and winters on the Coast.

80. White-cheeked Goose.

Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird).

Taken at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks.

81. Cackling Goose.

Branta canadensis minima (Ridgw.).

Winter resident on the Coast; has been taken at Elk Lake, near
Victoria. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

82. Brant.

Branta bernicla glaucogastra (Brehm.).

Two specimens shot at Comox by A. C. Brooks, January 10th, 1904.

83. Black Brant.

Branta nigricans (Lawr.).

An abundant winter resident on the Coast. In April, 1894. I saw them in great numbers off Barkley Sound migrating north.

PHILACTE.

84. Emperor Goose.

Philacate canagica (Sevast.).

One specimen shot at Chemainus, December, 1894.

OLOR Wagler.

85. Whistling Swan.

Olor columbianus (Ord.).

A winter resident on Vancouver Island and southern Mainland. Mr.
Brooks records it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

86. Trumpeter Swan.

Olor buccinator (Rich.).

I have only seen this bird at Deaso Lake, Cassiar. (Fannin.)
Mr. Brooks has found it at Sumas and Okanagan.

Order HERODIONES. Herons, Ibises, etc.

Family IBIDIDÆ. Ibises.

PLEGADIS Kaup.

87. White-faced Glossy Ibis.

Plegadis guarauna (Linn.).

Only two specimens known to be taken in the Province, one on Salt
Spring Island, the other at mouth of Fraser River. Check List of
B. C. Birds, 1891. (Fannin.)

Family ARDEIDÆ. Herons and Bitterns.

BOTAURUS Hermann.

88. American Bittern.

Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.).

Common throughout the greater portion of the Province. Breeds both east and west of Cascades.

ARDEA Linnæus.

89. Great Blue Heron.

Ardea herodias (Linn.).

A common resident on the coast, and is quite common at Sumas Lake and
Okanagan. Breeds throughout its range.

90. Northwest Coast Heron.

Ardea herodias fannini (Chapman).

In August, 1895, I found this form, now named after the late John
Fannin by Frank M. Chapman, quite common at Skidegate, Queen Charlotte
Islands.

EGRETTA Forester.

91. Snowy Heron.

Egretta candidissima (Gmel.).

Rare in British Columbia. Two specimens collected at Burrard Inlet,
May, 1879. (Fannin.) One specimen is in the Museum.

Order PALUDICOLÆ. Cranes, Rails, etc.

Family GRUIDÆ. Cranes.

GRUS Pallas.

92. Little Brown Crane.

Grus canadensis (Linn.).

Common, during migrations, throughout the Province.

93. Sandhill Crane.

Grus mexicana (Mull.).

Common throughout the Province; it breeds in the interior of Mainland; numbers pass over Victoria in the spring and autumn migrations.

Family RALLIDÆ. Rails and Coots.

RALLUS Linnæus.

94. Virginia Rail.

Rallus virginianus (Linn.).

Tolerably common on Island and Mainland; breeds close to Victoria.
Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

PORZANA Vieillot.

95. Carolina Rail. Sora.

Porzana Carolina (Linn.).

Found on Vancouver Island and Mainland. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it very rare on Queen Charlotte Islands. Common east of Cascades. (Fannin.)

FULICA Linnæus.

96. American Coot. Mud-hen.

Fulica americana (Gmel.).

A common resident on Island and Mainland; breeds throughout its range.

Order LIMICIOLÆ. Shore Birds.

Family PHALAROPODIDÆ. Phalaropes.

CRYMOPHILUS Vieillot.

97. Red Phalarope.

Crymophilus fulicarius (Linn.).

Taken at Clover Point, near Victoria, during migration.

PHALAROPUS Brisson.

98. Northern Phalarope.

Phalaropus lobatus (Linn.).

Abundant along the coast of Island and Mainland in the spring and autumn. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Fannin has taken it at Burrard Inlet in July.

STEGANOPUS. Vieillot.

99. Wilson's Phalarope.

Steganopus tricolor (Vieill.).

Taken at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks.

Family SCOLOPACIDÆ. Snipes, Sand-pipers, Etc.

GALLINAGO Leach.

100. Wilson's Snipe.

Gallinago delicata (Ord.)

Common throughout the Province on Island and Mainland; breeds in the interior. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it common at Metlakatla.

MACRORHAMPHUS Leach.

101. Long-billed Dowitcher. Red-breasted Snipe.

Macrorhamphus scolopaceus (Say.).

Tolerably abundant throughout the Province. I found it quite common at Clayoquot, West Coast Vancouver Island, in May, 1894. Fannin says breeds in the interior. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Fairly common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

MICROPALAMA Baird.

102. STILT SANDPIPER.

Micropalama himantopus (Bonap.).

Taken at Chilliwhack, August 19th, 1899, by A. C. Brooks.

TRINGA Linnæus.

103. KNOT. ROBIN SNIPE.

Tringa canutus (Linn.).

Abundant during migrations, chiefly along the coast. (Fannin.)
Taken at Chilliwhack. (Brooks.)

ACTODROMAS Kaup.

104. SHARP-TAILED SANDPIPER.

Actodromas acuminata (Horsf.).

Two specimens taken at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, December 27th, 1897, by Rev. J. H. Keen.

105. PECTORAL SANDPIPER.

Actodromas maculata (Vieill.).

Not common; taken along the coast during migrations. Brooks has taken it at Chillihwack and Okanagan.

106. BAIRD'S SANDPIPER.

Actodromas bairdii (Coues.).

Distributed along the coast of Island and Mainland, Rev. J. H. Keen reports it rare at Metlakatla. Taken at Chilliwhack and Okanagan (Brooks); and at Clover Point, Victoria (E. M. Anderson).

107. LEAST SANDPIPER.

Actodromas minutilla (Vieill.).

Common along the coast of Island and Mainland. I found it common at
Clayoquot in May, 1894; I have also taken it near Victoria in July.
Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Fannin has taken it
at 108-Mile House, Cariboo Road, in May.

PELIDNA Cuvier.

108. RED-BACKED SANDPIPER.

Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieillot).

Common in the spring and autumn migration along the coast of Island and Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack.

EREUNETES Illiger.

109. SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER.

Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.).

Not uncommon in migration along the Coast. Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.) Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

110. WESTERN SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER.

Ereunetes pusillus occidenlcdis (Lawr.).

Abundant in the fall along the Coast. I also found it very common at Clayoquot, May, 1894, and have taken it near Victoria in July. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack.

CALIDRIS Cuvier.

111. SANDERLING.

Calidris arenaria (Linn.).

Not common; several have been taken near Victoria by A. H. Maynard. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Fairly common at Metlakatla. (Rev J. H. Keen.)

LIMOSA Brisson.

112. MARBLED GODWIT.

Limosa fedoa (Linn.).

The whole of British Columbia; breeds chiefly east of Cascades. (Fannin.) Port Simpson. (W. B. Anderson.)

TOTANUS Bechstein.

113. GREATER YELLOW-LEGS.

Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.).

Common along the coast in winter; have taken it at Clayoquot in May. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. I found it breeding around the lakes at Clinton, May, 1891. (Fannin.)

114. LESSER YELLOW-LEGS.

Totanus flavipes (Gmel.).

Tolerably common through the Province; winters on the coast. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

HELODROMAS Kaup.

115. SOLITARY SANDPIPER.

Helodromas solitarius (Wils.).

Found throughout the Province. Taken at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks).

116. WESTERN SOLITARY SANDPIPER.

Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus (Brewster).

Taken at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks).

SYMPHEMIA Rafinesque.

117. WESTERN WILLET.

Symphemia semipalmata inornata (Brewster).

One specimen shot at Clover Point, near Victoria, August 18th, 1898, by Mr. J. Henley.

HETERACTITIS Stejneger.

118. WANDERING TATLER.

Heteractitis incanus (Gmel.).

Tolerably common along the coast of Island and Mainland. I took it at
Clayoquot, May, 1894, and at Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands,
August 5th, 1895.

BARTRAMIA Lesson.

119. BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER.

Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.).

One specimen shot at Comox, August 20th, 1895, by W. B. Anderson.
Another was taken at l50-Mile House, Cariboo Road, May 16th, 1901, by
A. C. Brooks.

TRYNGITES Cabanis.

120. BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER.

Tryngites subruficollis (Vieill.).

Not common. Taken at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks.

ACTITIS Illiger.

121. SPOTTED SANDPIPER.

Actitis macularia (Linn.).

This bird is found along the entire coast; I have taken it at
Clayoquot Vancouver Island, and at Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands,
July 26th, 1895. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

NUMENIUS Brisson.

122. LONG-BILLED CURLEW.

Numenius longirostris (Wils.).

A few specimens have been taken on the coast, but is to be more frequently met with in the interior of the Mainland, south through the Okanagan.

123. HUDSONIAN CURLEW.

Numenius hudsonicus (Lath.).

Not common, but distributed along the coast of Island and Mainland. I have taken it at Clayoquot in May, 1894. W. B. Andersen has taken it at Port Simpson, and J. Maynard at Cadboro Bay, near Victoria.

Family CHARADRIIDÆ. Plovers, Etc.

CHARADRIUS Linnæus.

124. BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER.

Charadrius squatarola (Linn.).

Abundant during migrations along the coast. Brooks has taken it at
Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

125. AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER.

Charadrius dominicus (Mull.).

Common on the coast during migrations. Brooks has taken it at
Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it common at
Metlakatla. W. B. Anderson has taken it at Port Simpson.

ÆGIALITIS Boie.

126. KILLDEER PLOVER.

Ægialitis vocifera (Linn.).

Found throughout the Province; occasionally on the coast in winter.
Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

127. SEMIPALMATED PLOVER.

Ægialitis semipalmata (Bonap.).

Not common. I took two specimens on the West Coast, Vancouver
Island—one at Ucluelet, April 28th, 1894, the other at Clayoquot,
May, 1894. A. H. Maynard shot one at Cadboro Bay, Victoria.

Family APHRIZIDÆ. Surf-birds and Turnstones.

APHRIZA Audubon.

128. SURF-BIRD.

Aphriza virgata (Gmel.).

Not uncommon along the entire coast line of the Province. I found it quite common at Clayoquot, May, 1894. It has been taken at Port Simpson by W. B. Anderson.

ARENARIA Brisson.

129. TURNSTONE.

Arenaria interpres (Linn.).

Along the entire coast line, but not common. It has been taken at Port
Simpson and Sidney Island. Brooks has taken it at Sumas Lake.

130. BLACK TURNSTONE.

Arenaria melanocephala (Vig.).

Common along the entire coast of the Province. I have taken it at
Clayquot in May, 1894, and I found it very common at Skidegate, Queen
Charlotte Islands, in July, 1895, and it is found near Victoria
throughout the winter.

Family HÆMATOPODIDÆ. Oyster-Catchers.

HÆMATOPUS Linnæus.

131. BLACK OYSTER-CATCHER.

Hæmatopus bachmani (Aud.).

Abundant along the entire coast of Island and Mainland. Breeds throughout its range. Common on Queen Charlotte Islands, at Skidegate.

Order GALLINÆ. Gallinaceous Birds.

Family TETRAONIDÆ. Grouse, Partridges, Etc.

OREORTYX Baird.

132. MOUNTAIN PARTRIDGE.

Oreortyx pictus (Dougl.).

Common on Vancouver Island. Introduced from California.

LOPHORTYX Bonaparte.

133. CALIFORNIA PARTRIDGE.

Lophortyx californicus (Shaw.).

Common on Vancouver Island. Introduced from California.

DENDRAGAPUS Elliot.

134. SOOTY GROUSE.

Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Ridgw.).

Abundant west of Cascade Mountains, including Vancouver Island, Queen
Charlotte Islands, and all the larger islands along the coast.

135. RICHARDSON'S GROUSE.

Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii (Dougl.).

An abundant resident east of Cascade Mountains to Rocky Mountains.

CANACHITES Stejneger.

136. FRANKLIN'S GROUSE.

Canachites franklinii (Dougl.).

An abundant resident throughout the wooded portion of the interior east of the Cascade Mountains, from Okanagan to Cassiar.

BONASA Stephens.

137. CANADIAN RUFFED GROUSE.

Bonasa umbellus togata (Linn.).

An abundant resident east of and including the Cascade Mountains.
Taken at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks.

138. GRAY RUFFED GROUSE.

Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (Dougl.).

Rocky Mountain District, Soda Creek and Beaver Pass. Check List of
B. C. Birds, 1898. (Fannin.) Okanagan, A. C. Brooks.

139. OREGON RUFFED GROUSE.

Bonasa umbellus sabini (Dougl.).

An abundant resident on Vancouver Island and all the larger islands of the coast, and on the Mainland west of Cascade Mountains.

LAGOPUS Brisson.

140. WILLOW PTARMIGAN.

Lagopus lagopus (Linn.).

Northern portion of British Columbia, Dease Lake, Cassiar. (James Porter.) Log Cabin, Atlin. (Fletcher and Englehardt.).

141. ROCK PTARMIGAN.

Lagopus rupestris (Gmel.).

Common on the summit of most of the mountains on the Mainland and
Vancouver Island. (Fannin.) Quite common at Atlin.

142. WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN.

Lagopus leucurus (Swains. & Rich.).

Found on the summit of most mountains on the Mainland except the Coast
Range. Taken at Okanagan. (Brooks.) Cassiar. (James
Porter.)

PEDIOECETES Baird.

143. COLUMBIAN SHARP-TAILED GROUSE. PRAIRIE CHICKEN.

Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus (Ord.).

An abundant resident east of Cascade Range through the southern portions of the Province. E. P. Venables reports it common near Vernon.

CENTROCERCUS Swainson.

144. SAGE GROUSE.

Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonap.).

Three specimens taken by Mr. G. B. Martin at Osoyoos Lake in October, 1864. (Check List of B. C. Birds, 1891. Fannin.)

Family PHASIANIDÆ. Pheasants.

PHASIANUS Linnæus.

145. RING-NECKED PHEASANT.

Phasianus torquatus (Linn.).

Abundant on Vancouver Island and in the Lower Fraser River Valley and other portions of the Mainland. Introduced from China; now thoroughly naturalised.

Order COLUMBÆ. Pigeons.

Family COLUMBIDÆ. Pigeons.

COLUMBA Linnæus.

146. BAND-TAILED PIGEON.

Columba fasciata (Say.).

A common summer resident in the south-western portions of the Province including Vancouver Island.

ECTOPISTES Swainson.

147. PASSENGER PIGEON.

Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.).

Mentioned in John Keast Lord's "Naturalist in British Columbia" (1866). If it ever did occur here, it is now, without doubt, extinct. (Fannin.)

ZENAIDURA Bonaparte.

148. MOURNING DOVE.

Zenaidura macroura (Linn.).

Not common on Vancouver Island. I found it quite common in the
Okanagan in June, 1895. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Rev. J. H.
Keen reports it rare at Metlakatla.

Order RAPTORES. Birds of Prey.

Family CATHARTIDÆ. American Vultures.

GYMNOGYPS Lesson.

149. CALIFORNIA VULTURE.

Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw.).

In September, 1880, I saw two of these birds at Burrard Inlet. It is more than probable they are accidental visitants here. Lord says: Mouth of Fraser River; seldom visits the Interior. (Fannin.)

CATHARTES Illeger.

150. TURKEY VULTURE.

Cathartes aura (Linn.).

Tolerably common on Vancouver Island and portions of the Mainland.
Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

Family FALCONIDÆ. Falcons, Hawks, Eagles, etc.

CIRCUS Lacépède.

151. MARSH HAWK.

Circus hudsonius (Linn.).

Common on Vancouver Island and Mainland. Abundant on the Mainland.
Partially migratory; a few are found throughout the winter at
Ladners. (Fannin.) Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.)

ACCIPITER Brisson.

152. SHARP-SHINNED HAWK.

Accipiter velox (Wils.).

Abundant on Vancouver Island and portions of the Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

153. COOPER'S HAWK.

Accipiter cooperii (Bonap.).

Found on Vancouver Island and Mainland; have taken it at Sicamous.
Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

154. AMERICAN GOSHAWK.

Accipiter atricapillus (Wils.).

Rather common in interior of Province. A few have been taken on
Vancouver Island. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

155. WESTERN GOSHAWK.

Accipiter atricapillus striatulus (Ridgw.).

Common throughout the Province. I found it very common at Skidegate,
Queen Charlotte Islands, in August, 1895.

BUTEO Cuvier.

156. WESTERN RED-TAILED HAWK.

Buteo borealis calurus (Cass.).

An abundant resident on Vancouver Island and coast of Mainland. Taken at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.) Rare at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

157. RED-BELLIED HAWK.

Buteo lineatus elegans (Cass.).

Not common. I have no record of it on Vancouver Island. It has been taken at Burrard Inlet by J. Fannin, and at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks.

158. SWAINSON'S HAWK.

Buteo swainsoni (Bonap.).

Not common on Vancouver Island; it has been taken at Victoria and
Union. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

ARCHIBUTEO Brehm.

159. AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK.

Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmel.).

Not common. Found on both Vancouver Island and Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

AQUILA Brisson.

160. GOLDEN EAGLE.

Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.).

Found throughout the entire Province. Rare on Vancouver Island. A resident.

HALIÆETUS Savigny.

161. BALD EAGLE.

Haliæetus leucocephalus alascanus (C. H. Townsend).

An abundant resident throughout the entire Province, on Island and
Mainland. Breeds throughout its range. Common on Queen Charlotte
Islands.

FALCO Linnæus.

162. GYRFALCON.

Falco rusticolus gyrfalco (Linn.).

One specimen shot at Comox, October, 1894, by W. Harvey. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack.

163. PRAIRIE FALCON.

Falco mexicanus (Schleg.).

Taken at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks, and at Kamloops, November, 1894, by W. Fortune.

164. DUCK HAWK.

Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.).

Apparently more common on the Mainland than Vancouver Island. Several have been taken in the Okanagan Country.

165. PEALE'S FALCON.

Falco peregrinus pealei (Ridgw.).

Found chiefly along the coasts of Mainland and Vancouver
Island. Several specimens have been taken at Cadbora Bay, near
Victoria. Mr. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Rare at
Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)

166. PIGEON HAWK.

Falco columbarius (Linn.).

Apparently more common east of the Coast Range. A few have been taken on the Coast. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

167. BLACK MERLIN.

Falco columbarius suckleyi (Ridgw.).

Abundant; summer resident on Vancouver Island and portions of
Mainland. Mr. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

168. RICHARDSON'S MERLIN.

Falco richardsonii (Ridgw.).

Not common on Vancouver Island; a few specimens have been taken near
Victoria. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

169. DESERT SPARROW HAWK.

Falco spaverius phaloena (Lesson).

Abundant throughout the southern portion of Mainland, including
Vancouver Island, from the coast to Rocky Mountains.

PANDION Savigny.

170. AMERICAN OSPREY. FISH HAWK.

Pandion halioetus carolinensis (Gmel.).

Common throughout the Province, on Mainland and Island, including Queen Charlotte Islands. Their nest is a huge heap of sticks, usually on the broken top of a tree.

Family BUBONIDÆ. Horned Owls, etc.

ASIO Brisson.

171. AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL.

Asio wilsonianus (Less.).

Not common; a few have been taken on Vancouver Island. Mr. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.

172. SHORT-EARED OWL.

Asio accipitrinus (Pall.).

Common throughout the Province, on Island and Mainland; rather common near Victoria throughout the winter.

SYRNIUM Sanigny.

173. NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL.

Syrnium occidentale caurinum (Merriam).

Rare resident at Chilliwhack and Mount Lehman (Brooks.) The late John Fannin had this bird on his first list of B. C. birds, he having taken it at Burrard Inlet some years ago, but in his lists of 1891 and 1898 he dropped it.

SCOTIAPTEX Swainson.

174. GREAT GREY OWL.