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Cave Hunting / Researches on the evidence of caves respecting the early inhabitants of Europe cover

Cave Hunting / Researches on the evidence of caves respecting the early inhabitants of Europe

Chapter 3: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
By William Boyd Dawkins
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About This Book

The author surveys the formation and variety of caves and relates their geological processes to the archaeological and paleontological deposits they preserve, explaining types such as sea-formed, volcanic, and limestone water-caves and the development of stalagmitic deposits. He reviews the history of cave exploration across Europe and provides detailed case studies (for example Wookey Hole, Victoria Cave, Kent’s Hole, Brixham, Auvergne, and Denbighshire), describing discoveries of human tools, artworks, and bones alongside extinct Pleistocene fauna. The account interprets these associations to trace palæolithic and neolithic occupations, later historic cave use, and the climatic and geographical implications for early inhabitants and regional ethnological links.

FIG. PAGE
Coloured Enamels from Victoria Cave Front.
1   Diagram of Wookey Hole, Cave and Ravine 30
2   Diagram of Helln Pot and the Long Churn Cavern 41
3   Diagram of Helln Pot 42
4   Diagram of Helln Pot, showing Waterfall at the bottom 45
5   Waterfall in Pot-hole, at Weathercote 48
6   Diagram of Subterranean Course of Dalebeck 49
7   Diagram of an acid-worn joint, Doveholes, Derbyshire 52
8   Diagram of the Source of the Aire at Malham 55
9   A View in the Fairy Chamber, Caldy 63
10   Stalagmites in the Fairy Chamber, Caldy 63
11   The Fairy Chamber, Caldy 64
12   Pools in Fairy Chamber 65
13   Pool in Fairy Chamber 65
14   Edge of Pool in Fairy Chamber 65
15   Cone with Straw-column 65
16   Basin containing Cave-pearls 67
17   Fungoid Structures, magnified 67
18   Fungoid Structure, Black-rock Cave 68
19   View of King’s Scar, Settle, showing the Entrances of the Victoria and Albert Caves 82
20   Longitudinal Section of Victoria Cave 86
21   Vertical Section at the Entrance to the Victoria Cave 87
22   Spoon-brooch 91
23   Ornamented Bone Fastener 92
24   Two Bone Links 92
25   Bronze Brooch 95
26   Bone Harpoon 112
27   Bone Bead 113
28   Stone Adze of doubtful origin 114
29   Section below Grey Clay, at Entrance to Victoria Cave 117
30   Skull of Woolly Rhinoceros, showing the part which is not eaten by Hyænas 119
31   Bronze Bracelet from Thor’s Cave 129
32   Bronze Knife, Heathery Burn 142
33   Bronze Armlet, Heathery Burn 143
34   Bronze Spear-head, Heathery Burn 143
35   Bronze Mould for casting a socketed Celt 143
36   Section of Cave at Perthi-Chwareu 152
37   Plan of Cave at Perthi-Chwareu 154
38   Greenstone Celt, Rhosdigre Cave 157
39   Plan of Chambered Tomb at Cefn 162
40, 41, 42   Skull from Sepulchral Cave at Perthi-Chwareu 168
43, 44, 45   Skull from Sepulchral Cave at Perthi-Chwareu 169
46   Section of Femur 172
47, 48, 49, 50, 51   Section of Tibiæ 176
52, 53, 54   Platyenemic Tibiæ 177
55, 56, 57, 58   Human Femora 182
59, 60, 61   Skull from Cave at Cefn, St. Asaph 185
62, 63, 64   Skull from Genista Cave 207
65, 66   Skull from Cave of Sclaigneaux 219
67   Platyenemic Tibia from Sclaigneaux 219
68   Map of the Distribution of Iberic, Celtic, and Belgic Peoples at dawn of History 221
69   Section of the Trou du Frontal 237
70   Diagram of the Cave of Aurignac 245
71   Section across the valley of the Vezère and rock of Cro-Magnon 249
72   Detailed Section of the Cave of Cro-Magnon 251
73   Thigh-bone of Child from Grotta dei Colombi 260
74   Section of Valley-gravels at Fisherton 268
75   Section of Valley-gravels at Freshford, Bath 270
76   Section of Gailenreuth Cave 274
77   Plan of Kirkdale Cave 279
78   Sections of Kirkdale Cave 280
79   Molar of Hippopotamus 281
80   Leg-bones gnawed by Hyænas 282
81   The Dream-cave, Wirksworth 285
82   Left Lower Jaw of Glutton, Plas Heaton Cave 287
83   Plan of Hyæna Den, Wookey Hole 297
84, 85, 86, 87   Four Views of Flint Implements from Wookey Hole 299
88   Section showing Contents of Hyæna Den 304
89   Transverse section of ditto 305
90   Longitudinal section 306
91   Longitudinal section 311
92   Gnawed Jaw of Hyæna from Wookey 313
93   Upper and Lower Jaws of Hyæna Whelp, Wookey 315
94   Thigh-bone of Woolly Rhinoceros gnawed by Hyænas, Wookey 316
95   Diagram of deposits in Brixham Cave 320
96   Lanceolate Implement from Kent’s Hole 326
97   Oval Implements from Kent’s Hole 326
98   Harpoon from Kent’s Hole 327
99   Harpoon-head from Kent’s Hole 327
100   Hammer-stone 328
101, 102   Upper Canine of Machairodus, Kent’s Hole 331
103, 104, 105   Incisors of Machairodus, Kent’s Hole 333
106   Flint-flake, Les Eyzies 339
107   Flint Scraper, Les Eyzies 339
108   Flint Javelin-head, Laugerie Haute 339
109   Flint Arrow-head, Laugerie Haute 340
110   Bone needle, La Madelaine 340
111, 112   Harpoons of Antler, La Madelaine 342
113, 114   Arrow-heads, Gorge d’Enfer 342
115   Bone Awl, Gorge d’Enfer 342
116   Carved Handle of Reindeer Antler 343
117   Two sides of Reindeer Antler, La Madelaine 344
118   Horses engraved on Antler, La Madelaine 344
119   Group of Reindeer, Dordogne 345
120   Mammoth engraved on Ivory, La Madelaine 346
121   Carved Implement of Reindeer Antler, Goyet 348
122   Eskimos Spear-head, bone 353
123   Eskimos Arrow-straightener of Walrus-tooth 354
124   Eskimos Plane, or Scraper 355
125   Eskimos Hunting Scene 357
126   Map of the Physiography of Great Britain in Late Pleistocene Age 363
127   Molar of Hippopotamus Pentlandi 377
128   Molar of Elephas Melitensis 378
129   Map of the Physiography of the Mediterranean in the Pleistocene Age 381